MATH 2331 Practice Exam 1 Name ___________________

Note: The actual exam may cover more materials than those given here. You are supposed to learn
more than this practice exam. Please study all of the materials given in the class and practice the
homework problems.

(Sec. 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 2-1, 2-2)

x1 7 x 2 2 x3 x5 3

1. Consider the system of equations 4 x3 8 x 4 12 x 5 12
x 4 x5 1

(a) Write the coefficient matrix A for this system.

(b) Write the augmented matrix B for this system.

(c) Find the reduced row-echelon form of the augmented matrix B.

Indicate for each step which row operation you use.

(d) Which are the leading variables?

(e) Which are the non-leading (free) variables?

(f) Write the general solution of the system in vector form.

2. Determine if the following matrices are in reduced row-echelon form.

1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) 1 1 (d) 1 0 (e) (f) 1 3
1 0 3

1 2 0 0 4 1 0 3
1 3 1 1
(g) 0 0 1 0 3 (h) 0 0 1 (i) (j)
0 0 3 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

1 7 2 0 1 1 7 2 0 1 3 1 7 0 0 11 1
ANSWERS: (1) (a) 0 0 4 8 12 (b) 0 0 4 8 12 12 (c) 0 0 1 0 5 1


0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
1 7 11
0 1 0

(1)(d) x1 , x3 , x 4 (e) x 2 , x5 (f) 1 s 0 t 5 ; (2)(a) No (b)Yes (c)Yes (d)Yes

1 0 1
0 0 1
(2)(e) No (f) Yes (g) Yes (h) No (i) Yes (j) No

3. Consider the reduced row-echelon forms of the augmented matrices B A b of systems

of equations. (i) Find the rank of A. (ii) How many solutions does each of the systems have?

1 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0
(a) 0 0 1 0 (b) 0 0 0 0 (c) 0 1 0 1

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2

4. For a linear system A x b , you are given the rank of the coefficient matrix A. In each case indicate
whether the system could have no solution, one solution, or infinitely many solutions.

#(equations) #(variables) rank (A) Possible # (solutions)

5 4 4
4 5 4
5 5 5
4 5 3
5 5 4

5. Compute:

3 2 4 2 5 7 2 1
(a) 5 1 7 1 (b) 3 4 5 3 4

2 6 1 3 1 8 12 5

1 2 5
6. Find the rank of the matrix 3 4 6 .
2 7 12

7. Always-Sometimes-Never (circle A or S or N).

(a) A S N A is a 3 5 matrix, then rank(A) = 3.

(b) A S N A is a 3 5 matrix, then rank(A) = 5.

(c) A S N A is a 3 5 matrix, then rank(A) = 1.

ANSWERS: (3)(a)(i) 2 (ii) No solution (b)(i) 1 (ii) Infinitely many solutions (c)(i) 3 (ii) One solution
(4)(a) At most one solution (b) Infinitely many solutions (c) Exactly one solution
(4)(d) No solution or infinitely many solutions (e) No solution or infinitely many solutions
20 5 12
(5)(a) 32 (b) 18
16 ; (6) 3 ; (7)(a) S (b) N (c) S

5 61 33
8. Always-Sometimes-Never (circle A or S or N).

Let A be the coefficient matrix and B A b the augmented matrix of of a system of 3

equations in 8 variables. Then

(a) A S N A is a 3 8 matrix.

(b) A S N B is a 3 9 matrix.

(c) A S N rank(A) = 8.

(d) A S N rank(A) = 3.

(e) A S N If rank(A) = 3, then this system has infinitely many solutions.

(f) A S N If rank(A) < 3, then this system has no solution.

9. Always-Sometimes-Never (circle A or S or N).

(a) A S N If a system of 3 equations in 3 variables has a unique solution then the rref
of the coefficient matrix is the identity matrix.

(b) A S N If a system of 3 equations in 3 variables has infinitely many solutions then the
rref of the coefficient matrix is the identity matrix.

(c) A S N If a system of 3 equations in 3 variables has no solution then the rref of the
coefficient matrix is the identity matrix.

12 3 9
10. Express the vector 18 as a linear combination of 1 and 5 .

13 2 3

11. Consider the transformation T : R 4 R 2 given by

x1
x
5 4 1 3
T x1 x 2 x3 x 4 .
2

x3 2 7 9 6

x4

Is this transformation linear? If so, find its matrix.

12 3 9

ANSWERS: (8)(a) A (b) A (c)N (d) S (e) A (f) S; (9) (a) A (b) N (c) N; (10) 18 = 17 1 + 7 5

13 2 3
5 4 1 3
(11) Yes ,
2 7 9 6
12. Find the matrix A of the linear transformation T : R 3 R 4 given by

y1 x1 3x 2 2 x 3

y2 5 x2 2 x3

y 3 7 x1 x 2 4 x3
y x2
4
13. Consider the linear transformation T : R 4 R 2 , where

0 2 5 4
T e1 , T e2 , T e3 , T e2
1 3 4 2
3
2
(a) Find the matrix A of T. (b) Compute the T
1

0
1
14. The vector is rotated counterclockwise through an angle , and then dilated by 2. Find the
3 6
resulting vector.
2 1

15. Let L be the line in R that consists of all scalar multiples of the vector 2 , and v 4 in R 3 .
3
1 2

(a) Find the orthogonal projection of the vector v onto the line L.

(b) Find the reflection of the vector v about the line L.

4 8
16. (a) Find the scaling matrix A that transforms into .
5 10
4
(b) Find the matrix B of the projection onto the line spanned by v = .
3
3 0
(c) Find the rotation matrix C that transforms into .
4 5

1 3 2
0 2 5 4 1 33
ANSWERS: (12) A 0 5 2 ; (13)(a) (b) ;(14)
7 1 4 1 3 4 2 13
1 3 3

0 1 0
8 13
3 3 16 12 4 3
2 0 25
(15)(a) 8 (b) 4 ; (16)(a) 25 (c) 5
5
(b)
3 3 0 2 12 16 3 4
4 2 25 25 5 5

3 3
 MATH 2331 Practice Exam 2 Name ___________________
Note: The actual exam may cover more materials than those given here. You are supposed to
learn more than this practice exam. Please study all of the materials given in the class and
practice the homework problems.

(Sec. 2-3, 2-4, 3-1, part of 3-2)

y1 2 x1 5 x2
1. Does the inverse of the linear transformation exist? Find the inverse
2
y 3 x1 8 x 2

transformation, if it exists.
k k 1
2. For which choices of the constant k is the following matrix invertible? A = 0 4 0 .

1 1 k

3. (a) Find the inverse of following matrix. Indicate for each step which operation you use.

1 3 2
A = 1 4 3 .
1 5 5
2

(b) Use your answer to (a) to solve A x 1 .
4

4. Decide whether each of the following matrices is invertible. If it is, find the inverse.
otherwise, explain.

2 8 0 2 1
3 5
(a) A (b) B 3 2 4 (c) C 3 4
2 4
5 10 4 5 9

5 5 1 19
x1 8 y1 5 y 2
ANSWERS: (1) It exists; ; (2) k 1, 1 ; (3)(a) A 2 3 1 (b) 11
1
x2 3 y1 2 y 2
1 2 1 8

5
2 2
(4)(a) (b) not invertible, since rref (B) I 3 (c) not invertible, since C is not a
1 3
2
square matrix.
 5 1 2 3 1
5. Let A 1 4, B , C 4 0 5 . Decide whether the following products are
2 3
defined or not. If they are, compute them:

A B , B A, A C , C A, B C , CB

2 3 1
6. Find as few vectors as possible that span the image of A = 5 8 3 .
4 7 3

Describe the im(A) geometrically (e.g., a point, line, plane, etc.)

2 1 4 2
7. Find the kernel of A = .
3 5 1 4

8. Consider the linear transformation given by multiplication by the matrix A, as A x for each vector

1 3 2
1 3 1
x in R m . A : R m R n (a) m _____ (b) n _____
1 3 4

0 0 1

(c) Find rref(A) (d) Find the kernel of A, ker(A) (e) Find the image of A, im(A)

ANSWERS: (5) A B 3 13 , B A is undefined, A C 14 3 19 , C A is undefined,

3 1
6 15 0
B C , C B is undefined; (6) im(A) = span 8 , 3 ; im(A) is the
16 6 17 7 3

plane spanned by the two vectors.

19 6

7
7
10 s and t are any real numbers ; (8)(a) 3 (b) 4
2
(7) s t
7 7
0
1
0
1
1 3 0 1 2
0 0 1 3
1
(d) ker (A) = = span 1 (e) im(A) = span ,
1
(8)(c)
0 0 0
0 1 4

0 1
0 0 0
 3
9. In each of the following, a subset S of R is given. Circle one answer:

t
3t
(a) S t is any real number
1

S is closed under addition: YES NO

S is closed under scalar multiplication: YES NO
3
S is a subspace of R : YES NO

x1
x
(b) S 2 2 x1 3x 2 4 x3 0 , 4 x1 5 x3 0
x3

S is closed under addition: YES NO

S is closed under scalar multiplication: YES NO
3
S is a subspace of R : YES NO

x1
x
(c) S 2 x1 x2 x3 4 , 4 x1 5 x3 0
x3

S is closed under addition: YES NO

S is closed under scalar multiplication: YES NO
3
S is a subspace of R : YES NO

ANSWERS: (9)(a)No, No, No (b) Yes, Yes, Yes (c) No, No, No
 MATH 2331 Practice Exam 3 Name_______________
Note: The actual exam may cover more materials than those given here. You are supposed to learn
more than this practice exam. Please study all of the materials given in the class and practice the
homework problems.

(Sec. 3.2, 3.3, 5.1)

1 0 2
1. Do the vectors 3 , 1 , and

3 form a basis of R 3 ? Explain your answer.

4 5 1

2. Are the following vectors linearly independent or dependent? If they are linearly independent,
explain your answer. If they are linearly dependent, find a nontrivial linear relation among them.

1 0 2

v1 2 , v 2 3 , v3 5
1 1 5

3. (i) Find the reduced row-echelon form of the given matrix A.

(ii) Find a basis of the image of A. (iii) Find a basis of the kernel of A .

2 4 8
1 3 0 1
(a) 4 5 1 (b)
2 6 4 4
7 9 3
5
4
4. Consider the 5 4 matrix A = v1 v2 v3 v4 . We are told the vector is in the kernel of A.
3

2

Write v 4 as a linear combination of v1 , v 2 , and v3 .

ANSWERS: (1)Yes. Compute: rref (A) = I 3 ,.; (2) v1 , v 2 , v3 are linearly dependent;
1 0 6 2 4 6

(2) nontrivial linear relation: 2 v1 3 v 2 v3 0 ; (3)(a) (i) 0 1 5 (ii) 4 and 5 (iii) 5

0 0 0 7 9 1
3 1
0
1 3 0 1 1 0 1 ; (4) v 4 = 5 v1 2 v 2 3 v 3

(3)(b) (i) (ii) 2 and 4 (iii) and
0 0 1 3 / 2 0 3 / 2 2 2

0 1
 3
5. Let V be the subspace of R defined by the equation 3x1 5 x 2 x3 0 .
(a) Express V as the kernel of a matrix A. (b) Express V as the image of a matrix B.

3
6. Let V be the subspace of R defined by the equations
x1 2 x 2 0
3x1 5 x 2 x3 0 .

(a) Express V as the kernel of a matrix A. (b) Express V as the image of a matrix B.

1

7. Find the set of all vectors x in R such that 2 x 0 .
3

5

8. True or False:

(a) If a 4 4 matrix A has rank(A) = 3 then dim(Ker(A)) = 3.

(b) If a vector v is in Ker(A), then the vector 5 v is in Ker(A).

(c) Consider a system of 5 equations in 5 variables. let A be the matrix of coefficients. If

the system has infinitely many solutions, then dim(im(A)) = 5.

(d) Consider a system of 5 equations in 5 variables. let A be the matrix of coefficients. If

the system has exactly one solution, then dim(Ker(A)) = 5.

(e) If a 3 3 matrix A has dim(im(A)) = 1 then dim(Ker(A)) = 2.

(f) If a 5 3 matrix A has dim(im(A)) = 1 then dim(Ker(A)) = 2.

1 2 4

9. Consider the subspace V = im(A) of R , where A = 2 1 . Find = Proj V x , where x = 1 .

3

2 2 2

5 1 5 1
3 3
3 3
ANSWERS: (5) A 3 5 1 , B 1 0 , V = ker (A) = span 1 , 0 = im (B)
0 1
0 1


2 2
1 2 0
(6) (a) A , B 1 , V = ker (A) = span 1 = im (B)
3 5 1
1 1
2 5 4/3

(7) ker 1 2 5 = span 1 , 0 ; (8)(a) F (b) T (c) F (d) F (e) T (f) T; (9) 5 / 3

0 1 2 / 3

10. Always-Sometimes-Never:

(a) If A is a 3 3 matrix, then dim(im(A)) 3.

(b) If A is a 4 4 matrix, then dim(im(A)) 3.

(c) If A is a 5 5 matrix, then dim(im(A)) = 3.

(d) If A is a 5 5 matrix, then dim(im(A)) = 6.

(e) If A is a 5 2 matrix, then dim(im(A)) = 6.

(f) If A is a 5 2 matrix, then dim(im(A)) + dim (ker (A)) = 5.

(g) If a system A x 0 has a non-leading variable, then Ker(A) has dimension at least 1.

(h) Let A x 0 . Then #(leading variables) + #(non-leading variables) = #(columns of A).

1 3

2 4
11. Find a basis of W (the orthogonal complement of W), where W = span , .
3 5

1 1

1 0

0
1
12. Let v1 , v 2 . (a) Find the lengths of v1 and v 2 (b) Find the angle between v1 and v 2 .
0 0

1 2

13. Determine whether the angle between v1 and v 2 is acute, obtuse, or right.

0 1
4 1 4
1
(a) v1 2 , v 2 7
(b) v1 , v 2
3 1
3 2
5 9

1 1
2 1
ANSWERS: (10)(a) A (b) S (c) S (d) N (e) N (f) N (g) A (h) A; (11) and
1 0

0 1

(12)(a) v1 2 , v 2 5 (b) 0.886 radians ; (13) (a) obtuse (b) acute
MATH 2331 Practice Exam 4 Name_______________
Note: The actual exam may cover more materials than those given here. You are supposed to
learn more than this practice exam. Please study all of the materials given in the class and
practice the homework problems.

(Sec. 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1)

3 1

1. Consider the subspace V R which is spanned by the vectors v1 4 and v 2 2 . Find an
3

0 1
orthonormal basis for V .

3 1
2. Apply the Gram-Schmidt process to the vectors, v1 and v 2 , and write the result in
4 2
the form A Q R .

2 5 18

3. Let v1 2 , v 2 1 , and v3 0 .

1 1 0
(a) Use the Gram-Schmidt process to find an orthonormal basis of the subspace

V = span ( v1 , v 2 , v3 ).

(b) Find the QR-factorization of the matrix A whose columns are v1 , v2 , and v3 .

4 25 0
4. Let A 0 0 2 . Write the matrix A as the product A Q R , where the columns of the

3 25 0
r11 r12 r13
matrix Q form an orthonormal basis for R and R 0 r22 r23 .
3

0 0 r33

3 / 5 8 / 5 5 3 4 3 4
5 5 5 1
ANSWERS: (1) u1 4 / 5 , u2 6 / 5 5 ; (2) u1 5 , u2 5 ; Q , R

4 3 4 3 0 2
0 1 / 5 5 5 5 5
2 1 1 2 / 3 1 / 2 1 / 3 2
1 1 1
(3)(a) u1 2 , u 2 1 , u 1 (b) Q 2 / 3 1 / 2 1 / 3 2 ,
2 3 2
2
3
1 0 4
1 / 3 0 4 / 3 2
3 3 12 4 / 5 3 / 5 0 5 5 0

(3)(b) R 0 3 2 9 2 ; (4) Q = 0 0 1 , R = 0 35 0


0 0 3 2
3 / 5 4 / 5 0 0 0 2

 5 3
4 6
5. Find the QR-factorization of the matrix A = .
2 7

2 2
1 4
3 0
3 2
2 1 1
6. Let A = . Is A orthogonal? Explain your answer.
3 2 3 2

2 1 1
3
2 3 2
1 2
a
3 6
1 1
7. Find the orthogonal matrix of the form b .
3 6
1 1
c
3 6

1 0 1 2
8. Find an orthonormal basis of the kernel of the matrix A = .
0 1 2 3
9. True or False:

(a) If A is a 3 4 matrix, AAT is a 3 3 matrix.

(b) If A is a 3 4 matrix, AAT is a 4 3 matrix.

(c) If A is a 3 4 matrix, AT A is a 3 3 matrix.

(d) If A is a 3 4 matrix, AT is a 4 3 matrix.

(e) If A is a 2 5 matrix, then rank( AAT ) = 5.

1 2 1 2
0 0
5 2 3 6 3 6

1 4 2 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1
ANSWERS: (5) Q= , R= ; (6) Yes; (7) or
7 2 5 0 7 2 3 6 2 3 6

2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 3 6 2 3 6
1 2

1 2 1 1
(8) u1 , u2 ; (9)(a) T (b) F (c) F (d) T (e) F
6 1 30 4

0 3
10. Always-Sometimes-Never

(a) If multiplication by a matrix A, as A x , defines a linear transformation R 2 R 3 and

multiplication by a matrix B, as B y , defines a linear transformation R 3 R 5 then

multiplication by a matrix AB, as AB z , defines a linear transformation R 2 R 5 .

(b) If multiplication by a matrix A, as A x , defines a linear transformation R 2 R 3 and

multiplication by a matrix B, as B y , defines a linear transformation R 3 R 5 then

multiplication by a matrix AB, as BA z , defines a linear transformation R 2 R 5 .

(c) If multiplication by a matrix A, as A x , defines a linear transformation R 2 R 3 then
multiplication by AAT defines a linear transformation R 2 R 2 .

1 0 1

11. (a) Find the least-squares solution x of the system A x b , where A 0 1 and b 0 .
*
1 1 2

(b) Determine the error b A x * .

12. Find the best line y C D t to fit the data.

t y
-1 2
0 -1
1 0
2 0

2 1 1

13. Let A 1 3 and b 5 . Find the the least-squares solution x * of the system A x b ,


0 0 2

4 / 3 * 3
ANSWERS: (10) (a) N (b) A (c) N; (11)(a) x (b) ; (12) f * (t ) 0.5t 0.5
1 / 3 3
*
x 2 / 5
(13) x * = 1*
x2 9 / 5
 1 0
14. Let S be the subspace spanned by 0 and 1 . Use the least-squares solution x * of the system

1 0
1

A x b to find the projection of b 3 onto the subspace S.
0

15. Use the determinant to find out for which values of the constant k the given matrix is invertible.

1 2 3 k 1 1
(a) 4 k 5 (b) 1 k 1
6 7 8 1 1 k

16. Use the determinant to find out for which values of the constant the matrix A I n fails to be
invertible.

4 2 0
3 4
(a) (b) 4 6 0
2 5 5 2 3

1 1 / 2
x1* 1 / 2
ANSWERS: (14) * ; the projection of b 3 onto the subspace S is 3

x2 3 0 1 / 2
(15) (a) k 4.5 (b) k 1, k 1, k 0 ; (16)(a) 1, 7 (b) 3, 2, 8
MATH 2331 Practice Exam 5 Name_______________
Note: The actual exam may cover more materials than those given here. You are supposed to
learn more than this practice exam. Please study all of the materials given in the class and
practice the homework problems.

(Sec. 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3)

1. Let A and B be two n n matrices. If det(A) = 12 and det(B) = 15, find

(a) det ( A B) (b) det ( AT B ) (c) det ( A 1 ) (d) Is B invertible?

1
2. Suppose A is a 3 by 3 matrix, and det( A) . Find det(2 A) , det( A 2 ) , det( A) , det( A 1 ) ,
2
and det( AT ) .

2 2
3. Let A .
3 1

(a) Find the characteristic polynomial of A.

(b) Find the eigenvalues of A with their algebraic multiplicities.

(c) Find a basis for each eigenspace of A.

4. Let A be an invertible n n matrix and v be an eigenvector of A with associated eigenvalue 5.

(a) Is v an eigenvector of A3 ? If so, what is the eigenvalue?

(b) Is v an eigenvector of A 1 ? If so, what is the eigenvalue?

(c) Is v an eigenvector of 8 A ? If so, what is the eigenvalue?

(d) Is v an eigenvector of A 2 I n ? If so, what is the eigenvalue?

1 1
ANSWERS: (1)(a) 180 (b) 180 (c) 1/12 (d) Yes ; (2) det(2 A) 4 ; det( A 2 ) ; det(A)
4 2
1
(2) det( A 1 ) 2 ; det( AT ) ; (3) (i) (a) 2 3 4
2
1 2
(3)(b) 4, 1 (algebraic multiplicity 1)(c)E 4 =span , E 1 =span(
1 3
(4)(a) Yes, 125 (b) Yes, 1/5 (c) Yes, 40 (d) Yes, 7
 2 1 0
5. Find the eigenvalues of A 0 1 0 . For each eigenvalue, find the associated eigenspace.
0 0 2

6. Find the determinant of the following matrix using row operations.

5 4 0 0 0
6 7 0 0 0

A = 3 4 5 6 7

2 1 0 1 2
2 1 0 0 1

7. Let A and B be two n n matrices. Answer True or False for each of the following statements:

(a) The trace of A is the sum of the eigenvalues of A.

(b) det(3A) = 3det(A)

(c) det(A) is the product of the eigenvalues of A.

(d) det(A+B) = det(A) + det(B).

(e) det(AB) = det(A) det(B).

(f) If a is an eigenvalue of A and b is an eigenvalue of B, then a + b is an eigenvalue of A + B.

(g) The a is an eigenvalue of A and b is an eigenvalue of B, then ab is an eigenvalue of AB.

8. Consider a 4 4 matrix A with rows v1 , v 2 , v3 , v 4 . If det(A) = 11, find the determinant of the

v2

v1 3 v 2
following matrix .
v4

3 v3

1 1 0

ANSWERS: (5) Eigenvalues: 1 , 2; E 1 =span 1 , E 2 =span 0 , 0 ; (6) 55
0 0 1

(7)(a) T (b) F (c) T (d) F (e) T (f) F (g) F; (8) 33
 3 1 2
9. Let A 0 1 0 .
2 2 3

(a) Find the characteristic polynomial of A.

(b) Find the eigenvalues of A with their algebraic and geometric multiplicities.

(c) Find a basis for each eigenspace of A.

(d) Does there exist an eigenbasis for the matrix A? Explain.

10. Does there exist an eigenbasis for the following matrix A? Explain.

5 4 3 2 1
0 7 2 1 0

A = 0 0 3 2 1

0 0 0 1 4
0 0 0 0 2

0 0 3
3 1
11. Diagonalize each of the following matrices (a) A (b) A 0 2 0
0 2 3 0 0

ANSWERS: (9)(a) ( 1)( 5)(1 ) (b) 1 (algebraic multiplicity 2), 5 (algebraic multiplicity 1)
(9) (b) 1 (geometric multiplicity 1), 5 (geometric multiplicity 1)
1 1
(9)(c) a basis for E 1 : 0 , a basis for E 5 : 0 ;


1 1
(9)(d) No. Since the sum of geometric multiplicities of the eigenvalues is 2 (less than 3),
there are not enough linearly independent eigenvectors to form an eigenbasis.

(10) Yes, since the 5 5 matrix A has 5 distinct eigenvalues, 5, 7, 3, 1, and 2.

1 1 0 3 0 0
1 1 3 0
(11) (a) S
1
, S AS D (b) S 0 0 1 , S AS D 0 3 0
1

0 1 0 2
1 1 0 0 0 2
 Problem 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total
Points 16 4 8 10 15 14 8 10 15 100
Score

MATH 2331 Exam 2 Name______ Solution_ Summer II 2014 (A)

(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers.)

1 4 3
1. Consider the matrix A = 1 5 4 .
2 10 4
(a) (10 points) Find the inverse of A, A 1 .

(Reminder: Show all steps; no credit will be given if you get the answer from a calculator directly.)

1 4 3 1 0 0 1 4 3 1 0 0 1 4 3 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 0
1 5 4 0 1 0
0 1 1 1 1 0

2 10 4 0 0 1 0 2 2 2 0 1 0 2 2 2 0 1
7 1
1 0 0 5
1 0 1 5 4 0 1 0 1 5 4 0 2 4

1 1 0 1 1

0 1 1
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
2 4
0 0 4 0 2 1 1 1
0 0 1 0 1 1
2 4 0 0 1 0
2 4
7 1
5 2 4

A 1 1 1
1
2 4
1
0 1
2 4
3

(b) (6 points) Using your answer in (a), solve A x 2 for x .
8
7 1
5 2 4
3 3 15 7 2 6
1 1
1
x = A 2 1 2 3 1 2 0
2 4
8 8 0 1 2 1
0 1 1
2 4

1
 (A)
a b c
2. (4 points) Consider the upper triangular 3 3 matrix A 0 d e . For which values of

0 0 f
a , b , c , d , e , f is A invertible?

Ans: If the main diagonal entries, a , d , f , all are nonzero, the upper triangular matrix A is invertible.

a 2
3. (8 points) Compute the matrix product: b 4 d 1 f
10 e 5
5 c

a 2 ad 20 a 2e af 10
b 4 d 1 f = bd 40 b 4e bf 20
10 e 5
5 c 5d 10c 5 ce 5 f 5c

y 4 x1 8 x2
4. (10 points) Does the inverse of the linear transformation 1 exist?
y 2 3x1 7 x 2
Find the inverse transformation, if it exists.

4 8
A ; 4 ( 7) 8 ( 3) 28 24 4 0 ;
3 7
7
2
1 7 8 4
The inverse of the linear transformation exists. A1
4 3 4 3
1
4

7
x1 4 y1 2 y 2
The inverse transformation is
x2 3 y1 y 2
4

2
 (A)
5. (3 points for each) Circle True (T) or False (F)

(a) T F If A is a 6 8 matrix, then the image of A, im(A), is a subspace of R 8 .

(b) T F If A is a 5 7 matrix, then the kernel of A, ker(A), is a subspace of R 5 .

For an n n matrix A in (c), (d) and (e):

(c) T F If A is invertible, then the kernel of A, ker(A), contains nonzero vectors.

(d) T F If the kernel of A = 0 , then A x b has a unique solution, for all b in R n .

(e) T F If the reduced row-echelon form of A is I n , n n identity matrix, then A is invertible.

6. Consider the linear transformation given by multiplication by the matrix A, as A x for each vector

1 2 3 0

x in R . A 1 2
n
5 0 : R n R m

1 2 2 0

(a) (2 points) n 4

(b) (2 points) m 3

(c) (6 points) Find as few vectors as possible that span the image of A, im(A).

2 1 0 1 3
2 = (2) 1 is redundant ; 0 is redundant. So im(A) = span
1 , 5
2 1 0 1 2

(d) (4 points) Describe the im(A) geometrically (e.g., a point, line, plane, etc.)

1 3
Ans: im(A) is the plane spanned by the two vectors, 1 and 5


1 2

3
 0 1 0 2 0 3
7. (8 points) Find the vectors that span the kernel of A, if the rref (A) = 0 0 1 3 0 4 .

0 0 0 0 1 7
x2 2 x4 3x6 0 x2 2 x 4 3x6

x3 3x 4 4 x 6 0 x3 3 x4 4 x6
x5 7 x 6 0
x5 7 x6
x1 r
x 2s 3t
2
x 3s 4t
Let x1 r , x 4 s , and x6 t . Then 3
x4 s
x5 7t

x6 t

x1 r 1 0 0 1 0 0
x 2 s 3t 0 2 3
2 0 2 3
x3 3s 4t 0 3 4 0 3 4
= = r s +t , ker(A) = span , ,
x4 s 0 1 0 0 1 0
x5
7t 0 0 7
0 0 7
0 0
x6 t 0 0 1 1

where r, s and t are any real numbers.

k 4 2k

8. (10 points) For which choices of the constant k is the following matrix invertible? A = 0 5 10 ?
k 8 k 2
4 4 4
k 4 2k 1 k 2 1 k 2 1 k
2

0 5 10 (k 0) 0 5 10 0 5 10 0 1 2
k 8 k 2 k 8 k 2 0 4 k 2 2k 0 4 k 2k
2


8 8
1 0 2
k 1 0 2
k
2
0 1 2 (k 2k 8 0) 0 1 2
0 0 k 2 2k 8 0 0 1

k 2 2k 8 (k 4)(k 2) 0 k 4 , k 2

Ans: k 0 , k 4 , k 2

4
 (A)
3
9. (5 points for each) In each of the following, a subset S of R is given. Circle one answer:

x1
x
(a) S x1 x 2 0
2

x3

S is closed under addition: YES NO

S is closed under scalar multiplication: YES NO

3
S is a subspace of R : YES NO

x1
x
(b) S 2 x1 x 2 x3 0
x3

S is closed under addition: YES NO

S is closed under scalar multiplication: YES NO

3
S is a subspace of R : YES NO

t
5t
(c) S t is any real numbe r

2t

S is closed under addition: YES NO

S is closed under scalar multiplication: YES NO

3
S is a subspace of R : YES NO

5
 Problem 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total
Points 4 8 10 16 15 14 8 10 15 100
Score

MATH 2331 Exam 2 Name______ Solution_ Summer II 2014 (B)

(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers.)
f e d
1. (4 points) Consider the upper triangular 3 3 matrix A 0 c b . For which values of

0 0 a
a , b , c , d , e , f is A invertible?

Ans: If the main diagonal entries, f , c , a , all are nonzero, the upper triangular matrix A is invertible.

2 a
2. (8 points) Compute the matrix product: c 3 f 2 d
12 e 4
5 b

2 a 2 f 12a 4 ae 2d 4a
c 3 f 2 d
= cf 36 2c 3e cd 12
12 e 4
5 b 5 f 12b 10 be 5d 4b

y 7 x1 6 x 2
3. (10 points) Does the inverse of the linear transformation 1 exist?
y 2 3x1 4 x2
Find the inverse transformation, if it exists.

7 6
A ; 7 ( 4) 6 (3) 28 18 10 0 ;
3 4
2 3
1 4 6 5 5
The inverse of the linear transformation exists. A 1
10 3 7 3 7

10 10

2 3
x1 5 y1 5 y 2
The inverse transformation is
x2 3 y1 7 y 2
10 10

1
 (B)
1 4 3
4. Consider the matrix A = 1 5 4 .
2 10 4

(a) (10 points) Find the inverse of A, A 1 .

(Reminder: Show all steps; no credit will be given if you get the answer from a calculator directly.)

1 4 3 1 0 0 1 4 3 1 0 0 1 4 3 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 0
1 5 4 0 1 0
0 1 1 1 1 0

2 10 4 0 0 1 0 2 2 2 0 1 0 2 2 2 0 1

7 1
1 0 0 5 2 4
1 0 1 5 4 0 1 0 1 5 4 0
0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
2 4
0 0 4 0 2 1 1 1
0

0 1 0
2 4
0 0 1 0 1 1
2 4

7 1
5 2 4

A 1 1 1
1
2 4

0 1 1
2 4
2

(b) (6 points) Using your answer in (a), solve A x 4 for x .

12
7 1
5 2 4
3 2 10 14 3 7
1 1
x = A 1 2 1 4 2 2 3 3
2 4
8 12 0 2 3 1
0 1 1
2 4

2
 (B)
5. (3 points for each) Circle True (T) or False (F)

(a) T F If A is a 7 9 matrix, then the image of A, im(A), is a subspace of R 7 .

(b) T F If A is a 6 7 matrix, then the kernel of A, ker(A), is a subspace of R 6 .

For an n n matrix A in (c), (d) and (e):

(c) T F If A is invertible, then the kernel of A = 0 .

(d) T F If the kernel of A = 0 , then A x b has a unique solution, for all b in R n .

(e) T F A is invertible if and only if the reduced row-echelon form of A is I n , n n identity matrix.

6. Consider the linear transformation given by multiplication by the matrix A, as A x for each vector

1 4 3 0

x in R . A 1 4
n
2 0 : R n R m

1 4 5 0

(a) (2 points) m 3

(b) (2 points) n 4

(c) (6 points) Find as few vectors as possible that span the image of A, im(A).

4 1 0 1 3
3 (4) 1 is redundant ; 0 is redundant. So im(A) = span
1 , 2
3 1 0 1 5

(d) (4 points) Describe the im(A) geometrically (e.g., a point, line, plane, etc.)

1 3
Ans: im(A) is the plane spanned by the two vectors, 1 and 2


1 5

3
 (B)
1 0 0 2 0 5
7. (8 points) Find the vectors that span the kernel of A, if the rref (A) = 0 0 1 3 0 4 .

0 0 0 0 1 9
x1 2 x4 5 x6 0 x1 2 x4 5x6

x3 3 x4 4 x6 0 x3 3 x4 4 x6
x5 9 x6 0
x5 9 x6
x1 2 s 5t
x r
2
x 3s 4t
Let x 2 r , x 4 s , and x6 t . Then 3
x4 s
x5 9t

x6 t

x1 2 s 5t 0 2 5 0 2 5
x r 1 0 0
2 1 0 0
x3 3s 4t 0 3 4 0 3 4
= = r s +t , ker(A) = span , ,
x4 s 0
1 0 0 1 0
x5
9t 0 0 9
0 0 9
0 0
x6 t 0 0 1 1

where r, s and t are any real numbers.

k 4 4k

8. (10 points) For which choices of the constant k is the following matrix invertible? A = 0 3 9 ?
k 8 k 2
4 4 4
k 4 4k 1 k 4 1 k 4 1 k
4

0 3 9 ( k 0) 0 3 9 0 3 9 0 1 3
k 8 k 2 k 8 k 2 0 4 k 2 4k 0 4 k 4k
2


12 12
1 0 4
k 1 0 4
k
2
0 1 3 (k 4k 12 0) 0 1 3
0 2
0 k 4k 12 0 0 1

k 2 4k 12 (k 6)(k 2) 0 k 6 , k 2

Ans: k 0 , k 6 , k 2

4
 (B)
3
9. (5 points for each) In each of the following, a subset S of R is given. Circle one answer:

2t
4t
(a) S t is any real numbe r


3t

S is closed under addition: YES NO

S is closed under scalar multiplication: YES NO

3
S is a subspace of R : YES NO

x1
x
(b) S x 2 x3 0
2
x 3

S is closed under addition: YES NO

S is closed under scalar multiplication: YES NO

3
S is a subspace of R : YES NO

x1
x
(c) S x1 x 2 x 3 0 and 2 x1 3x 2 x3 0
2
x3

S is closed under addition: YES NO

S is closed under scalar multiplication: YES NO

3
S is a subspace of R : YES NO

5
 Problem 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total
Points 10 8 16 11 10 10 10 12 13 100
Score

MATH 2331 Exam 3 Name______ Solution_ Summer II 2014 (A)

(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers.)
2 1
1 2
1. Let v1 , v2 .
1 3

1 0

(a) (5 points) Find the lengths of v1 and v 2 .
2 1
1 2
v1 (2) 2 12 (1) 2 12 7 ; v 2 12 2 2 32 0 2 14
1 3

1 0

(b) (5 points) Find the angle between v1 and v 2 .

v1 v 2 3 3
v1 v 2 = v1 v 2 cos cos
cos
v1 v 2 7 14 7 2

3
cos 1 ( ) 1.88 radians
7 2

8 6
2. Consider the linear transformation T: R R given by the matrix A such that T( x ) = A x .

You are told that v 2 (the 2nd column of A), v3 (the 3rd column of A), and v 4 (the 4th column of A) form a
basis of the image of A, im(A).

(a) (5 points) What is the dimension of the kernel of A, ker(A)?

Since dim (im(A)) = 3 , dim(ker(A)) = 8 3 =5

(b) (3 points) What is the rank of A?

The rank of A = dim (im(A)) = 3

-1-
 (A)
1 2 3 2 1 1 2 0 5 0
3 6 9 6 3 0 0 1 1 0
3. The matrix A= and rref(A) .
1 2 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 1

2 4 9 1 2 0 0 0 0 0
(a) (3 points) Find a basis of the image of A.
1 3 1
3
, 9 , 3 form a basis of im(A).
1 4 2

2 9 2
(b) (7 points) Find a basis of the kernel of A.

x1 2 x 2 5 x3 0 x1 2 x 2 5 x3

x3 x 4 0 x3 x 4
x5 0 x 0
5
Let x 2 s and x 4 t . Then x1 2s 5 t , x3 t
x1 2s 5t 2 5 2 5
x s 1 0
2 1 0
x3 = t = s 0 + t 1 , where s and t are any real numbers. ker(A) = span 0 , 1

x4 t 0 1 0 1
x 0 0 0
5 0 0
2 5
1 0

and the two vectors are linearly independent . Therefore, 0 and 1 form a basis of ker(A).

0 1
0 0

(c) (6 points) Use rref(A) to find a nontrivial relation among the 1st , the 3rd and the 4th columns of A.
1 2 0 5 0
0 0 1 1 0
Let the columns of rref(A) be w1 , w2 , w3 , w4 , and w5 .
0 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 0

From the rref(A), w4 5 w1 w3 , so 5 w1 w3 w4 0 , a nontrivial relation among w1 , w3 , and w4 .
The corresponding columns in A have the same relation:

1 3 2 0
3 9 6 0
5 = is a nontrivial relation among the 1st , the 3rd and the 4th columns of A.
1 4 1 0

2 9 1 0

-2-
 (A)
2 1

(11 points) Consider the subspace V = im(A) of R , where A= 1 2 . Find the projection of x onto
3
4.
2 2

3

the subspace V , Proj V x , where x 1 .
4
The columns of A are orthogonal. Then

2 2 / 3 1 1/ 3
1 1 1 / 3 and u 1 2 2 / 3 form an orthonomal
u1
2
2
2 2
(2) 1 2 1 ( 2) 2 2 2
2
2 2 / 3
2
2 / 3
basis of A.

3 3 2 / 3 2 / 3 3 1 / 3 1 / 3

projV x projV 1 ( x u1 ) u1 ( x u 2 ) u 2 = ( 1 1 / 3 ) 1 / 3 + ( 1 2 / 3 ) 2 / 3

4 4 2 / 3 2 / 3 4 2 / 3 2 / 3

2 / 3 1/ 3 2 / 3 1/ 3 1/ 3
6 1 8 3 ( 2) 8
= 1/ 3 + 2 / 3 = 1 1 / 3 + 3 2 / 3 = 5 / 3

3 3
2 / 3 2 / 3 2 / 3 2 / 3 8 / 3
1 3
6
2 .
5. (10 points) Find a basis of W (the orthogonal complement of W), where W = span ,

5 1

7
7
1 2 5 7
W = ker (A) , where A = . Compute rref(A):
3 6 1 7
1 2 5 7 1 2 5 7 1 2 5 7 1 2 0 3
3 6 1 7 0 0 14 28 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2

x1 2 x 2 3x 4 0 x1 2 x 2 3 x 4 x 2s 3t
Let x 2 s and x 4 t . Then 1
x3 2 x4 0 x 3 2 x 4 x3 2t
x1 2s 3t 2 3
x
2 = s = s 1 + t 0 , where s and t are any real numbers.
x3 2t 0 2

x4 t 0 1
2 3 2 3
0
1 0
1

ker(A) = span , = W .
and form a basis of W .
0 2 0 2

0
1 0 1
-3-
 (A)
6. (10 points) Are the following vectors linearly independent or dependent? If they are linearly
independent, explain your answer. If they are linearly dependent, find a nontrivial linear relation among
them.

1 2 8
2 , 2 , 14

0 3 15

1 2 8

Let v1 2 , v 2 2 , and v3 14 . If c1 v1 + c 2 v 2 + c3 v3 = 0 ,

0 3 15
c1

solve the system A c 0 for c , where A [v1 v 2 v3 ] and c c 2 . Then compute rref (A):
c3
1 2 8 1 2 8 1 2 8 1 0 2
2 2 14 0 6 30 0 c1 2c 3 0
1 5 0
1 5
0 3 15 0 3 15 0 3 15 0 0 0 c 2 5c3 0

Let c3 1 , then c1 2 and c 2 5 . So there is a nontrivial relation among v1 , v 2 , and v3 :

2 v1 + (5) v 2 + v3 = 0 , and they are linearly dependent.

3
7. Let V be the subspace of R defined by the equations

x1 2 x3 0
2 x1 3 x 2 2 x3 0 .

(a) (4 points) Find a matrix A such that V is the kernel of A.

1 0 2
A= V = ker(A)
2 3 2

(b) (6 points) Find a matrix B such that V is the image of B.

1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 x1 2 x3 0
2
3 2 0 3 6 0 1 2 x2 2 x3 0

2 2

Let x3 s , then x1 2 s and x 2 2 s . V = ker(A)=span 2 = im(B), where B = 2

1 1

4
 (A)
8. (2 points for each) Circle one: True (T) False (F)

(a) T F If a 5 8 matrix A has rank(A) = 5 then dim(im(A)) 8 5 3 .

(b) T F If the vectors v and u are in ker(A), then the vector 5 v + 4 u is in ker(A).

(c) T F If a 8 12 matrix A has dim(im(A)) = 7 then dim(ker(A)) = 1.

(d) T F If A is a 4 6 matrix, then rank(A) + nullity (A) = 4.

For (e) and (f): Consider a system of 7 equations in 7 variables. Let A be the coefficient matrix
of the system.

(e) T F If the system has infinitely many solutions, then ker(A) contains nonzero vectors.

(f) T F If the system has exactly one solution, then dim(im(A)) = 7.

9. (3 points for (a); 2 points for each of (b)---(f)) Circle one: Always (A) Sometimes (S) Never (N)

(a) A S N If A is a 5 8 matrix, then dim(ker(A)) 3.

(b) A S N If A is an invertible 6 6 matrix, then dim(im(A)) = 6.

(c) A S N If A is an invertible 8 8 matrix, then ker(A) contains nonzero vectors.

(d) A S N If A is a 4 5 matrix, then dim(ker(A)) = 4.

For an n n matrix A in (e) and (f):

(e) A S N If a system A x 0 has no non-leading variable, then ker(A) has dimension
at least 1.

(f) A S N If ker(A) contains only zero vector, then dim(im(A)) = n.

5
 Problem 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total
Points 10 8 16 10 10 10 12 13 11 100
Score

MATH 2331 Exam 3 Name______ Solution_ Summer II 2014 (B)

(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers.)
1 0
2 1
1. Let v1 , v 2 .
3 4

0 2

(a) (5 points) Find the lengths of v1 and v 2 .

1 0
2 1
v1 ( 1) ( 2) ( 3) 0 14 ; v 2 0 2 12 4 2 2 2 21
2 2 2 2

3 4

0 2

(b) (5 points) Find the angle between v1 and v 2 .

v1 v 2 14 14
v1 v 2 = v1 v 2 cos cos
cos
v1 v 2 14 21 7 6

2
cos1 ( ) 2.53 radians
6

9 8
2. Consider the linear transformation T: R R given by the matrix A such that T( x ) = A x .

You are told that v1 (the 1st column of A), v 2 (the 2nd column of A), v3 (the 3rd column of A), and v5 (the
5th column of A) form a basis of the image of A, im(A).

(a) (3 points) What is the rank of A?

The rank of A = dim (im(A)) = 4

(b) (5 points) What is the dimension of the kernel of A, ker(A)?

Since dim (im(A)) = 4 , dim(ker(A)) = 9 4 = 5

-1-
 (B)
1 2 3 2 1 1 2 0 5 0
3 6 9 6 3 0 0 1 1 0
3. The matrix A= and rref(A) .
1 2 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 1

2 4 9 1 2 0 0 0 0 0

(a) (6 points) Use rref(A) to find a nontrivial relation among the 1st , the 3rd and the 4th columns of A.
1 2 0 5 0
0 0 1 1 0
Let the columns of rref(A) be w1 , w2 , w3 , w4 , and w5 .
0 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 0

From the rref(A), w4 5 w1 w3 , so 5 w1 w3 w4 0 , a nontrivial relation among w1 , w3 , and w4 .
The corresponding columns in A have the same relation:
1 3 2 0
3 9 6 0
5 = is a nontrivial relation among the 1st , the 3rd and the 4th columns of A.
1 4 1 0

2 9 1 0
(b) (3 points) Find a basis of the image of A.
1 3 1
3
, 9 , 3 form a basis of im(A).
1 4 2

2 9 2
(c) (7 points) Find a basis of the kernel of A.

x1 2 x 2 5 x3 0 x1 2 x 2 5 x3

x3 x 4 0 x3 x 4
x5 0 x 0
5
Let x 2 s and x 4 t . Then x1 2s 5 t , x3 t

x1 2s 5t 2 5 2 5
x s 1 0
2 1 0
x3 = t = s 0 + t 1 , where s and t are any real numbers. ker(A) = span 0 , 1 and

x4 t 0 1 0 1
x 0 0 0
5 0 0
2 5
1 0

the two vectors are linearly independent .. Therefore, 0 and 1 form a basis of ker(A).

0 1
0 0

-2-
 (B)
3
4. Let V be the subspace of R defined by the equations

x1 2 x3 0
2 x1 3 x 2 2 x3 0 .

(a) (4 points) Find a matrix A such that V is the kernel of A.

1 0 2
A= V = ker(A)
2 3 2

(b) (6 points) Find a matrix B such that V is the image of B.

1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 x1 2 x3 0
2
3 2 0 3 6 0 1 2 x2 2 x3 0

2 2

Let x3 s , then x1 2 s and x 2 2 s . V = ker(A)=span 2 = im(B), where B = 2 .

1 1

5. (10 points) Are the following vectors linearly independent or dependent? If they are linearly
independent, explain your answer. If they are linearly dependent, find a nontrivial linear relation among
them.
1 2 8
2 , 2 , 14

0 3 15

1 2 8

Let v1 2 , v 2 2 , and v3 14 . If c1 v1 + c 2 v 2 + c3 v3 = 0 ,
0 3 15
c1

solve the system A c 0 for c , where A [v1 v 2 v3 ] and c c 2 . Then compute rref (A):
c3
1 2 8 1 2 8 1 2 8 1 0 2
2 2 14 0 6 30 0 c1 2c 3 0
1 5 0
1 5
0 3 15 0 3 15 0 3 15 0 0 0 c 2 5c3 0

Let c3 1 , then c1 2 and c 2 5 . So there is a nontrivial relation among v1 , v 2 , and v3 :

2 v1 + (5) v 2 + v3 = 0 , and they are linearly dependent.

-3-
 (B)
1 3
6
2 .
6. (10 points) Find a basis of W (the orthogonal complement of W), where W = span ,
5 1

7
7
1 2 5 7
W = ker (A) , where A = . Compute rref(A):
3 6 1 7
1 2 5 7 1 2 5 7 1 2 5 7 1 2 0 3
3 6 1 7 0 0 14 28 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2

x1 2 x 2 3x 4 0 x1 2 x 2 3 x 4 x 2s 3t
Let x 2 s and x 4 t . Then 1
x3 2 x4 0 x 3 2 x 4 x3 2t
x1 2s 3t 2 3
x
2 = s = s 1 + t 0 , where s and t are any real numbers.
x3 2t 0 2

x4 t 0 1
2 3 2 3
1 0
1 0
ker(A) = span , = W . and form a basis of W .
0 2 0 2

0
1 0 1

7. (2 points for each) Circle one: True (T) False (F)

(a) T F If a 5 8 matrix A has rank(A) = 5 then dim(ker(A)) 8 5 3 .

(b) T F If the vectors v and u are in im(A), then the vector 3 v + 7 u is in im(A).

(c) T F If a 12 9 matrix A has dim(ker(A)) = 7 then dim(im(A)) = 5.

(d) T F If A is a 7 5 matrix, then rank(A) + nullity (A) = 5.

For (e) and (f): Consider a system of 9 equations in 9 variables. Let A be the coefficient matrix
of the system.

(e) T F If the system has infinitely many solution, then dim(im(A)) < 9.

(f) T F If the system has exactly one solutions, then dim(ker(A)) = 9.

-4-
 (B)
8. (3 points for (a); 2 points for each of (b)---(f)) Circle one: Always (A) Sometimes (S) Never (N)

(a) A S N If A is a 4 9 matrix, then dim(ker(A)) 5.

(b) A S N If A is an non-invertible 5 5 matrix, then ker(A) contains nonzero vectors.

(c) A S N If A is an invertible 7 7 matrix, then dim(im(A)) = 7.

(d) A S N If A is a 5 3 matrix, then dim(ker(A)) = 4.

For an n n matrix A in (e) and (f):

(e) A S N If a system A x 0 has non-leading variable, then ker(A) has dimension
at least 1.

(f) A S N If ker(A) contains only zero vector, then the matrix A is invertible.

2 1

9. (11 points) Consider the subspace V = im(A) of R , where A= 1 2 . Find the projection of x onto
3

2 2

3

the subspace V , Proj V x , where x 1 .
4

The columns of A are orthogonal. Then

2 2 / 3 1 1/ 3
1 1 1 / 3 and u 1 2 2 / 3 form an orthonomal
u1 2
(2) 2 12 2 2 12 ( 2) 2 2 2 2 2 / 3
2
2 / 3
basis of A.

3 3 2 / 3 2 / 3 3 1 / 3 1 / 3

projV x projV 1 ( x u1 ) u1 ( x u 2 ) u 2 = ( 1 1 / 3 ) 1 / 3 + ( 1 2 / 3 ) 2 / 3

4 4 2 / 3 2 / 3 4 2 / 3 2 / 3

2 / 3 1/ 3 2 / 3 1/ 3 1/ 3
6 1 8 3 ( 2) 8
= 1/ 3 + 2 / 3 = 1 1 / 3 + 3 2 / 3 = 5 / 3

3 3
2 / 3 2 / 3 2 / 3 2 / 3 8 / 3

5
 Problem 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total
Points 10 6 15 12 8 7 7 20 2 7 6 100
Score

MATH 2331 Exam 4 Name___Solution__ Summer II 2014 (A)

(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers.)

1. (10 points) Find the line y C D t that best fits the data points (1, 3), ( 1 , 4), and (2, 1).

C D 3 1 1 3
1 1 C
C D 4 4
D
C 2 D 1 1 2 1

1 1 3
1 1 1 C * 1 1 1 3 2 C * 8
Normal Equation: 1 1 2 1 1 D * 1 1 2 4 2 6 D * 1

1 2 1

1
23
C * 3 2 8 1 6 2 8 1 46 7 23 13
1 14 2 3 1 14 13 13 , C* and D*
D * 2 6 7 14
14

23 13
The line y t best fits the data points.
7 14

a b c
2. Let A e f g be an orthogonal matrix.

i j k

(a) (2 points) A is invertible. Circle one: Always Sometimes Never

(b) (4 points) If A is not invertible, explain; if A is invertible, find A1 .

a e i
Since A is an orthogonal matrix, A A b 1 T
f j

c g k

-1-
 (A)

1 1

3. (a) (9 points) Find the least-squares solution x of the system A x b , where A 2 1 and
*

2 4
2

b 1 .

3

1 1 2
1 2 2 x1 * 1 2 2 9 9 x1 * 6
1 1 4 2 1 x * 1 1 4 1 9 18 x * 15

2 4 2 3 2

1 1
x * 9 9 6 1 18 9 6 1
1 15 81 9 9 15 3 , x1* and x 2 * 1
x 2 * 9 18 3
1

1
x 3
*

1

2

(b) (6 points) Using the answer to (a) find the orthogonal projection of b 1 onto the subspace im(A).

3

4
3

1 1 1
1
Proj im ( A) b A x 2 1 3
*
3
2 4 1 10

3

-2-
 (A)
2 3 3

4. (12 points) Let a 2 , b 6
, and
c 3 .

1 0 9

Use the Gram-Schmidt process to find an orthonormal basis of the subspace V = span( a , b , c ).

2 2/3
1 a
2 2
a 2 2 (1) 3 , u1 2 2/3
2

3
a 1 1 / 3

3 2 / 3 3 2 / 3 3 2 / 3 1

w2 b proj L b b (u1 b ) u1 6 ( 2 / 3 6 ) 2 / 3 6 6 2 / 3 2

0 1 / 3 0 1 / 3 0 1 / 3 2

w2 ( 1) 2 2 2 2 2 3

1 1 / 3
w2 1
u2 2 2/3

3
w2 2 2 / 3

w3 c projV2 c c (u1 c ) u1 (u2 c ) u2

3 2/3 3 2 / 3 1 / 3 3 1 / 3
3 ( 2 / 3 3 ) 2 / 3 ( 2 / 3 3 ) 2/3

9 1 / 3 9 1 / 3 2 / 3 9 2 / 3

3 2/3 1 / 3 6
3 (3) 2/3 3 2 / 3 3

9 1 / 3 2 / 3 6

6 2/3
1 w3
2 2
w3 6 ( 3) 6 9 and u3 2
3 1 / 3
9
w3 6 2 / 3

-3-
 (A)
3 2
5. (8 points) Find the QR-factorization of the matrix A , where the columns of the
4 1
matrix Q form an orthonormal basis for R 2 and R is an upper triangular matrix.

3 2
Let v1 and v 2 . r11 v1 32 4 2 5
4 1

v1 1 3 3 / 5 3 / 5 2
u1 r12 u1 v 2 2

5 4 4 / 5 4 / 5 1
v1

2 3 / 5 4 / 5
w2 v 2 (u1 v 2 ) u1 2 Then r22 w2 ( 4 / 5) 2 ( 3 / 5) 2 1 and
1 4 / 5 3 / 5

w2 4/5 3 / 5 4 / 5 5 2
u2 Q and R A QR

3 / 5 4 / 5 3 / 5 0 1
w2

6. (7 points) Let V be the solution space of the linear system

x1 x 2 5x 3 3x 4 0

2 x1 x2 2 x3 x 4 0

Find a basis of V (The orthogonal complement of V.)

(Hint: For any matrix A, (imA) = ker(A T ). )

1 1 5 3
V = ker(B) , where B , the coefficient matrix of the system.
2 1 2 1

Let AT B . So A B T .

Since ker(A T ) = (imA) , V = ker(B) = (im B T ) and V = (ker(B)) = ((im B T ) ) = im B T .

1 2 1 2
1 1 1 1
BT and The two columns of B T , and , form a basis of V .
5 2 5 2

3 1 3 1

-4-
 (A)
7. (7 points) Use the determinant to find out for which values of the constant k the given matrix

1 2 1
A = 4 k 1 is invertible.
0 5 k

1 2 1
det 4 k 1 k 2 20 0 0 8k 5 k 2 8k 15 ( k 5)(k 3) 0
0 5 k

k 5 and k 3

8. (2 points for each) Circle one: Always (A) Sometimes (S) Never (N)

(a) A S N If A is a 4 7 matrix, then rank( AAT ) = 4.

(b) A S N If A is a 5 4 matrix and B is a 4 7 matrix, then ( AB )T B T AT .

(c) A S N If A is a 4 4 invertible matrix, then A1 AT .

(d) A S N If A is a 5 5 orthogonal matrix, then AT A I 5 (5 5 identity matrix).

(e) A S N If multiplication by a matrix A, as A x , defines a linear transformation R 2 R 3 ,
then the dimension of im(A) = 3.

(f) A S N If A is a 5 3 matrix and the dimenstion of ker (A) = 2, then rank( AT A ) = 1.

(g) A S N If multiplication by a matrix A defines a linear transformation R 2 R 3 , then

multiplication by a matrix AT A defines a linear transformation R 3 R 3 .

(h) A S N If A is a 6 7 matrix , then AT A is invertible.

(i) A S N If A is a 3 5 matrix, AT defines a linear transformation R 3 R 5 .

(j) A S N If A is a 4 4 invertible matrix, then ( AT ) 1 ( A 1 )T .

-5-
 (A)
9. (2 points) The following statement is true or false. Circle one: True False

If the linear transformation T: R n R n preserves the right angle (i.e., If any two vectors v and w in

R n are orthogonal, then T ( v ) and T ( w ) are orthogonal.), then the linear transformation T is

orthogonal.

1 2
2 a 3

1 2
10. (7 points) Find the orthogonal matrix of the form b .
2 3

0 c 1
3

1 2
2 3
a a
1 b 0 1 a 1 b 0 a b and 2 b 0
2 2 2 3
c 1 c
0
3
2 2 1 4 1
a b c 0 a c 0 c 4a
3 3 3 3 3

1 1
a 2 b2 c 2 1 a 2 a 2 ( 4a ) 2 1 18a 2 1 a
18 3 2

1 1 2 1 1 2
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3

1 4 1 1 2 1 1 2
ba , c 4a So or
3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3

0 4 1 0 4 1
3 2 3
3 2 3

11. (6 points) Using cofactor expansion find the determinant of the following matrix

3 b 1 2
0 b 1 2 3 b 1
1 0 3
A= det(A) = (1) a det 1 0 3 det 0 1 0
2 1 3 2
1 3 2 2 1 3
a 0 0 1
= ( a ) (6 3 2 9b) 9 2 7a 9ab 7

-6-
 Problem 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total
Points 12 8 6 15 10 7 7 7 6 20 2 100
Score

MATH 2331 Exam 4 Name___Solution__ Summer II 2014 (B)

(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers.)

2 3 3

1. (12 points) Let a 2 , b 6
, and
c 3 .

1 0 9

Use the Gram-Schmidt process to find an orthonormal basis of the subspace V = span( a , b , c ).

2 2/3
1 a
a 2 2 2 2 (1) 2 3 , u1 2 2 / 3
3
a 1 1 / 3

3 2 / 3 3 2 / 3 3 2 / 3 1

w2 b proj L b b (u1 b ) u1 6 ( 2 / 3 6 ) 2 / 3 6 6 2 / 3 2

0 1 / 3 0 1 / 3 0 1 / 3 2

1 1 / 3
w2 1
2
w2 ( 1) 2 2 3 2 2
u2 2 2/3

3
w2 2 2 / 3

w3 c projV2 c c (u1 c ) u1 (u2 c ) u2

3 2/3 3 2 / 3 1 / 3 3 1 / 3
3 ( 2 / 3 3 ) 2 / 3 ( 2 / 3 3 ) 2/3

9 1 / 3 9 1 / 3 2 / 3 9 2 / 3

3 2/3 1 / 3 6
3 (3) 2/3 3 2 / 3 3

9 1 / 3 2 / 3 6

6 2/3
1 w3
2 2
w3 6 ( 3) 6 9 and u3 2
3 1 / 3
9
w3 6 2 / 3

-1-
 (B)

3 2
2. (8 points) Find the QR-factorization of the matrix A , where the columns of the
4 1
matrix Q form an orthonormal basis for R 2 and R is an upper triangular matrix.

3 2
Let v1 and v 2 . r11 v1 32 4 2 5
4 1

v1 1 3 3 / 5 3 / 5 2
u1 r12 u1 v 2 2

5 4 4 / 5 4 / 5 1
v1

2 3 / 5 4 / 5
w2 v 2 (u1 v 2 ) u1 2 Then r22 w2 ( 4 / 5) 2 ( 3 / 5) 2 1 and
1 4 / 5 3 / 5

w2 4/5 3 / 5 4 / 5 5 2
u2 Q and R A QR

3 / 5 4 / 5 3 / 5 0 1
w2

a b c
3. Let A e f g be an orthogonal matrix.

i j k

(a) (2 points) A is invertible. Circle one: Always Sometimes Never

(b) (4 points) If A is not invertible, explain; if A is invertible, find A1 .

a e i
Since A is an orthogonal matrix, A A b
1 T
f j

c g k

-2-
 (B)

1 1

4. (a) (9 points) Find the least-squares solution x of the system A x b , where A 2 1 and
*

2 4
2

b 1 .

3

1 1 2
1 2 2 x1 * 1 2 2 9 9 x1 * 6
1 1 4 2 1 x * 1 1 4 1 9 18 x * 15

2 4 2 3 2

1 1
x * 9 9 6 1 18 9 6 1
1 15 81 9 9 15 3 , x1* and x 2 * 1
x 2 * 9 18 3
1

1
x 3
*

1

2

(b) (6 points) Using the answer to (a) find the orthogonal projection of b 1 onto the subspace im(A).

3

4
3

1 1 1
1
Proj im ( A) b A x 2 1 3
*
3
2 4 1 10

3

-3-
 (B)
5. (10 points) Find the line y C D t that best fits the data points (1, 3), ( 1 , 4), and (2, 1).

C D 3 1 1 3
1 1 C
C D 4 4
D
C 2 D 1 1 2 1

1 1 3
1 1 1 C * 1 1 1 3 2 C * 8
Normal Equation: 1 1 D * 1 1 2 4 2 6 D * 1
1 1 2
1 2 1

1
23
C *
3 2 8
1 6 2 8
1 46 7 23 13

, C* and D*
D * 2 6 1 14 2 3 1 14 13 13 7 14
14
23 13
The line y t best fits the data points.
7 14
1 2
2 a 3

1 2
6. (7 points) Find the orthogonal matrix of the form b .
2 3

0 c 1
3
1 2
2 3
a a
1 b 0 1 1 2 b 0
a b 0 a b and
2 2 2 3
c 1 c
0
3
2 2 1 4 1
a b c 0 a c 0 c 4a
3 3 3 3 3

1 1
a 2 b2 c 2 1 a 2 a 2 ( 4a ) 2 1 18a 2 1 a
18 3 2

1 1 2 1 1 2
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3

1 4 1 1 2 1 1 2
ba , c 4a So or
3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3

0 4 1 0 4 1
3 2 3 3 2 3

-4-
 (B)
7. (7 points) Use the determinant to find out for which values of the constant k the given matrix

1 2 1
A = 4 k 1 is invertible.
0 5 k

1 2 1
det 4 k 1 k 2 20 0 0 8k 5 k 2 8k 15 ( k 5)(k 3) 0
0 5 k

k 5 and k 3

8. (7 points) Let V be the solution space of the linear system

x1 x 2 5x 3 3x 4 0

2 x1 x2 2 x3 x 4 0

Find a basis of V (The orthogonal complement of V.)

(Hint: For any matrix A, (imA) = ker(A T ). )

1 1 5 3
V = ker(B) , where B , the coefficient matrix of the system.
2 1 2 1

Let AT B . So A B T .

Since ker(A T ) = (imA) , V = ker(B) = (im B T ) and V = (ker(B)) = ((im B T ) ) = im B T .

1 2 1 2
1 1 1 1
BT and The two columns of B T , and , form a basis of V .
5 2 5 2

3 1 3 1

-5-
 (B)
9. (6 points) Using cofactor expansion find the determinant of the following matrix

3 a 1 2
0 a 1 2 3 a 1
1 0 3
A= det(A) = (1) b det 1 0 3 det 0 1 0
2 1 3 2
1 3 2 2 1 3
b 0 0 1
= ( b) (6 3 2 9a ) 9 2 7b 9ab 7

10. (2 points for each) Circle one: Always (A) Sometimes (S) Never (N)

(a) A S N If A is a 4 5 matrix and B is a 5 7 matrix, then ( AB )T B T AT .

(b) A S N If A is a 5 5 orthogonal matrix, then AT A I 5 (5 5 identity matrix).

(c) A S N If multiplication by a matrix A, as A x , defines a linear transformation R 3 R 4 ,
then the dimension of im(A) = 4.

(d) A S N If A is a 5 4 matrix, then rank( AT A ) = 4.

(e) A S N If A is a 4 4 invertible matrix, then A1 AT .

(f) A S N If A is a 4 4 invertible matrix, then ( AT ) 1 ( A 1 )T .

(g) A S N If A is a 4 6 matrix, then the dimension of ker( AT A ) 4.

(h) A S N If multiplication by a matrix A defines a linear transformation R 2 R 3 , then

multiplication by a matrix AAT defines a linear transformation R 2 R 2 .

(i) A S N If A is a 3 5 matrix, AT defines a linear transformation R 3 R 5 ,

(j) A S N If A is a 7 8 matrix , then AT A is invertible.

11. (2 points) The following statement is true or false. Circle one: True False

If the linear transformation T: R n R n preserves the right angle (i.e., If any two vectors v and w in

R n are orthogonal, then T ( v ) and T ( w ) are orthogonal.), then the linear transformation T is

orthogonal.

-6-
MATH 2331 Quiz 1 Name____Solution____ Summer II 2014 (A)
(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers)

x1 3x 2 5x4 0

1. (7 points) Solve the system of equations 2 x1 7 x 2 2 x3 x 4 2 using Gauss-Jordan Elimination.
x 2 2 x3 9 x 4 2

1 3 0 5 0
The augmented matrix of this system: 2 7 2 1 2

0 1 2 9 2

1 3 5 0
0 1 3 5 0
0 1 0 6 32 6
2 7 2 1 2 0 1 2 9 2 0 1 2 9 2

0 1 2 9 2 0 1 2 9 2 0 0 0 0 0

Leading variables are x1 and x 2 ; non-leading variables are x3 and x 4 .

x1 6 x3 32 x 4 6 x1 6 6 x3 32 x 4

x2 2 x3 9 x4 2 x 2 2 2 x3 9 x4

x 6 6s 32t
Let x 3 s and x 4 t . Then 1
x 2 2 2 s 9t

x1 6 6s 32t 6 6 32
x 2 2
2 s 9t 2
+ s + t 9 , where s and t are any real numbers.
The solution: 2 = =
x3 s 0 1 0

x4 t 0 0 1

2. (3 points) Let A be a 4 4 matrix, and let b and c be be two vectors in R 4 . We are told that the

system A x b has a unique solution. What can you say about the number of solutions of the

system A x c ?

There is no free variable for the system A x b . rank ( A ) = 4. So the system A x c is consistent

and has no free variable. Therefore, A x c has a unique solution.
MATH 2331 Quiz 1 Name____Solution____ Summer II 2014 (B)
(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers)

x1 4 x 2 6 x4 0

1. (7 points) Solve the system of equations 2 x1 9 x 2 2 x3 x4 3 using Gauss-Jordan Elimination.
x 2 2 x 3 11x4 3

1 4 0 6 0
The augmented matrix of this system: 2 9 2 1 3

0 1 2 11 3

1 4 6 0
0 1 4 0 6 0 1 0 850 12
2 9 2 1 3 0 1 2 11 3 0 1 2 11 3

0 1 2 11 3 0 1 2 11 3 0 0 0 0 0

Leading variables are x1 and x 2 ; non-leading variables are x3 and x 4 .

x1 8 x3 50 x4 12 x1 12 8 x3 50 x 4

x 2 2 x3 11x 4 3 x 2 3 2 x3 11x 4

x 12 8s 50t
Let x 3 s and x 4 t . Then 1
x2 3 2 s 11t

x1 12 8s 50t 12 8 50
x 3 2 s 11t 3 2 11
The solution: 2 = = +s +t , where s and t are any real numbers.
x3 s 0 1 0

x4 t 0 0 1

2. (3 points) Let A be a 4 4 matrix, and let b and c be be two vectors in R 4 . We are told that the

system A x b is inconsistent. What can you say about the number of solutions of the

system A x c ?

The system A x b is inconsistent. So rank ( A ) < 4. Then the system A x c has no solution or
infinitely many solutions.
MATH 2331 Quiz 2 Name____Solution____ Summer II 2014 (A)
(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers) (Total: 10 points)

1 0 1 a b
1. (5 poitns) Let A , B Decide whether the following products are
2 3 4 c d

defined or not. If they are, compute them:

(a) A B undefined

a b 1 0 1 a 2b 3b a 4b
(b) B A
c d 2 3 4 c 2d 3d c 4d

2 3
2. (5 points) Find all matrices that commute with the given matrix A
3 2

2 3 a b 2a 3c 2b 3d

3 2 c d 3a 2c 3b 2d

a b 2 3 2a 3b 3a 2b

c d 3 2 2c 3d 3c 2d

2a 3c 2a 3b
2b 3d 3a 2b
c b a b a b

3a 2c 2c 3d d a c d b a
3b 2d 3c 2d
MATH 2331 Quiz 2 Name____Solution____ Summer II 2014 (B)
(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers) (Total: 10 points)

1 6
a b
1. (5 poitns) Let C 2 3 , D Decide whether the following products are
c d
4 5

defined or not. If they are, compute them:

(a) D C undefined

1 6 a 6c b 6d
a b
(b) C D 2 3 2a 3c 2b 3d
c d
4 5 4a 5c 4b 5d

3 2
2. (5 points) Find all matrices that commute with the given matrix A
2 3

3 2 a b 3a 2c 3b 2d
2 3 c d 2a 3c 2b 3d

a b 3 2 3a 2b 2a 3b

c d 2 3 3c 2d 2c 3d

3a 2c 3a 2b
3b 2d 2a 3b
b c a b a b

2a 3c 3c 2d a d c d b a
2b 3d 2c 3d
MATH 2331 Quiz 3 Name_______ Solution __ Summer II 2014 (A)
(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers) (Total: 10 points)

0 1 2 0 3
1. (5 poitns) Find a basis of the kernel of A = .
0 0 0 1 4

x 2 + 2 x3 + 3 x5 = 0 x 2 = 2 x 3 3 x 5

x 4 + 4 x5 = 0 x 4 = 4 x 5

Let x1 = r , x3 = s and x5 = t . Then x 2 = 2 s 3 t , x4 = 4t

x1 r 1 0 0
x 2 s 3t 0 2 3
2
x3 = s = r 0 s 1 + t 0 , where r, s and t are any real numbers.

x4 4t 0 0 4
x5 t 0 0 1

1 0 0

0 2 3
ker(A) = span and these three vectors are linearly independent.
0 , 1 , 0

0 0 4
0 0 1

1 0 0
0 2 3

Therefore 0 , 1 , and 0 form a basis of ker(A).

0 0 4
0 0 1
2. (5 points) Determine whether the following vectors form a basis of R 3 : (Explain your answer.)

1 1 1
1 , 2 , 2

1 3 4

1 1 1

Let v1 = 1 , v 2 = 2 , and v3 = 2 .
If c1 v1 + c 2 v 2 + c3 v3 = 0 ,

1 3 4
c1

v 2 v3 ] and c = c 2 . Then compute rref (A):

solve the system A c = 0 for c , where A = [v1
c3
4 4
1 1 1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 0 0
1 2 2 0 3 1 0 1 1 0
1 5 0 1 5 0 1 0
3
1 3 4 0 4 3 0 4 3
5 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0
3

c1 = c2 = c3 = 0 . So v1 , v 2 , and v3 are linearly independent.

dim( R 3 ) = 3. Any 3 linearly independent vectors form a basis of R 3 .

Therefore these 3 vectors form a basis of R 3 .

MATH 2331 Quiz 3 Name____Solution____ Summer II 2014 (B)
(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers) (Total: 10 points)

1. (5 points) Determine whether the following vectors form a basis of R 3 : (Explain your answer)

1 1 1
1 , 2 , 2

1 3 4

1 1 1

Let v1 = 1 , v 2 = 2 , and v3 = 2 . If c1 v1 + c 2 v 2 + c3 v3 = 0 ,

1 3 4
c1

solve the system A c = 0 for c , where A = [v1 v 2 v3 ] and c = c 2 . Then compute rref (A):
c3
4 4
1 1 1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 0 0
1 2 2 0 3 1 0 1 1 0
1 5 0 1 5 0 1 0
3
1 3 4 0 4 3 0 4 3
5 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0
3

c1 = c2 = c3 = 0 . So v1 , v 2 , and v3 are linearly independent.

dim( R 3 ) = 3. Any 3 linearly independent vectors form a basis of R 3 .

Therefore these 3 vectors form a basis of R 3 .

 0 1 4 0 2
2. (5 points) Find a basis of the kernel of A = .
0 0 0 1 5

x 2 + 4 x3 + 2 x5 = 0 x 2 = 4 x 3 2 x 5

x 4 + 5 x5 = 0 x 4 = 5 x 5

Let x1 = r , x3 = s and x5 = t . Then x2 = 4 s 2 t , x4 = 5t

x1 r 1 0 0
x 4 s 2t 0 4 2
2
x3 = s = r 0 s 1 + t 0 , where r, s and t are any real numbers.

x4 5t 0 0 5
x5 t 0 0 1

1 0 0

0 4 2
ker(A) = span and these three vectors are linearly independent.
0 , 1 , 0

0 0 5
0 0 1

1 0 0
0 4 2

Therefore 0 , 1 , and 0 form a basis of ker(A).

0 0 5
0 0 1
MATH 2331 Quiz 4 Name_______ Solution __ Summer II 2014 (A)
(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers) (Total: 10 points)

4 25

0
1. Let v1 3 , v 2 25 , and v3 0 .


0 0 2
(a) Use the Gram-Schmidt process to find an orthonormal basis of the subspace

V = span ( v1 , v 2 , v 3 ).

(b) Find the QR-factorization of the matrix A whose columns are v1 , v 2 , and v 3 .

4 4 / 5
4 / 5 25

u1 3 3 / 5 ,
1
r12 u1 v2 3 / 5 25 5
v1
v1 4 2 32 0 2 5 r11 ,
5
v1 0 0 0 0

25 4 / 5 21

w2 v2 projL v2 v 2 (u1 v2 ) u1 25 5 3 / 5 28 , r w 212 ( 28) 2 35
22 2

0 0 0

21 3 / 5 4 / 5 0 3/5 0
1
28 4 / 5 , r13 u1 v3 3 / 5 0 0 and r23 u2 v3 4 / 5 0 0
w2
u2

35
w2 0 0 0 2 0 2

0 4 / 5 3/5 0

w3 v3 projV2 v3 v3 (u1 v3 ) u1 (u2 v3 ) u 2 0 0 3 / 5 0 4 / 5 0

2 0 0 2

0 0

1
w3
r33 w3 2 , u3 0 0 .
2
w3 2 1

u1 , u 2 , and u 3 form an orthonormal basis of the subspace V = span ( v1 , v 2 , v 3 ).

4 25 0 4 / 5 3 / 5 0 5 5 0
A 3 25 0 , Q 3 / 5 4 / 5 0 , R 0 35 0 ,
and A QR

0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 2
MATH 2331 Quiz 4 Name_______ Solution __ Summer II 2014 (B)
(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers) (Total: 10 points)

4 25

0
1. Let v1 0 , v2 0 , and v3 4 .


3 25 0
(a) Use the Gram-Schmidt process to find an orthonormal basis of the subspace

V = span ( v1 , v 2 , v 3 ).

(b) Find the QR-factorization of the matrix A whose columns are v1 , v 2 , and v 3 .

4 4 / 5
4 / 5 25

u1 0 0 ,
1
r12 u1 v2 0 0 5
v1
v1 4 2 0 2 32 5 r11 ,
5
v1 3 3 / 5 3 / 5 25

25 4 / 5 21

w2 v2 projL v2 v 2 (u1 v2 ) u1 0 5 0 0 , r w 212 ( 28) 2 35
22 2

25 3 / 5 28

21 3 / 5 4 / 5 0 3/5 0

0 0 , r13 u1 v3 0 4 0 and r23 u2 v3 0 4 0
w2 1
u2

35
w2 28 4 / 5 3 / 5 0 4 / 5 0

0 4 / 5 3/5 0

w3 v3 projV2 v3 v3 (u1 v3 ) u1 (u2 v3 ) u 2 4 0 0 0 0 4

0 3 / 5 4 / 5 0

0 0
1
r33 w3 4 , u3
w3
4 1 .
4
w3 0 0

u1 , u 2 , and u 3 form an orthonormal basis of the subspace V = span ( v1 , v 2 , v 3 ).

4 25 0 4 / 5 3 / 5 0 5 5 0

A 0 0 4 , Q 0 0 1 , R 0 35 0 ,
and A QR

3 25 0 3 / 5 4 / 5 0 0 0 4
MATH 2331 Quiz 5 Name_______ Solution __ Summer II 2014 (A)
(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers) (Total: 10 points)

1. (6 points) Find the determinant of the following matrix using row operations:

1 2 2 1
2 4 0 7
A .
3 6 8 14

4 9 10 5

(Note: No credit will be given if the correct work is not shown.)

1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
2 4 0 7 0 0 4 9
A (swapping row 2 and row 4) ( 1)
3 6 8 14 0 0 2 11

4 9 10 5 0 1 2 1

1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
0 1 2 1 0 1 2 1
B det(A) = det( B ) [1 1 2 ( 13)] 26
0 0 2 11 0 0 2 11

0 0 4 9 0 0 0 13

2. (4 points) Let A be an n n matrix and v be an eigenvector of A with associated eigenvalue 3. Explain

why v is an eigenvector of A 3 2 A2 5 A 4 I n . What is the associated eigenvalue?

Since A v 3 v ,

( A3 2 A 2 5 A 4 I n ) v A3 v 2 A2 v 5 A v 4 I n v 33 v 2 32 v 5 3 v 4 v

(27 18 15 4) v 56 v

Therefore, v is an eigenvector of A 3 2 A2 5 A 4 I n , and the associated eigenvalue is 56.
MATH 2331 Quiz 5 Name_______ Solution __ Summer II 2014 (B)
(Show All Your Work. Circle Answers) (Total: 10 points)

1. (6 points) Find the determinant of the following matrix using row operations:

1 2 2 1
3 5 7 10
A .
3 6 6 13

4 9 10 12

(Note: No credit will be given if the correct work is not shown.)

1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
3 5 7 10 0 1 1 13 0 1 1 13
A (swapping row 3 and row 4) ( 1)
3 6 6 13 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 10

4 9 10 12 0 1 2 8 0 0 3 5

1 2 2 1
0 1 1 13
B det(A) = det( B) [1 ( 1) 3 ( 10)] 30
0 0 3 5

0 0 0 10

2. (4 points) Let A be an n n matrix and v be an eigenvector of A with associated eigenvalue 4. Explain

why v is an eigenvector of A3 3 A 2 2 A 5 I n . What is the associated eigenvalue?

Since A v 4 v ,

( A3 3 A2 2 A 5 I n ) v A3 v 3 A 2 v 2 A v 5 I n v 4 3 v 3 4 2 v 2 4 v 5 v

(64 48 8 5) v 19 v

Therefore, v is an eigenvector of A3 3 A 2 2 A 5 I n , and the associated eigenvalue is 19.