Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Ing. Ioan Vasile Brbura, Ing.Tudor Mihai Petrovan, Ing. Ichim Nsui, Ing. Stelian Bugnar, Ing. Ioana Nsui Zah,
Ing. Ioan Boiciuc
relee@energobit.com
Electrical Engineering Department
Protection relays Compartment
Energobit SA, Cluj Napoca , Romania
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6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODERN POWER SYSTEMS MPS2015, 18-21 MAY 2015, CLUJ-NAPOCA, ROMANIA
According with figure above, the TW reaching the master tL2. The time tL2 tL1 is the travel time from L to the fault
terminal starts an electronic counter and the remote terminal and back.
send a stop pulse to the master terminal via the microwave
channel when TW reaches on remote terminal.
Taking in consideration the time delay after its compensation,
the distance of fault is calculated as follows:
m = [ l-( t Timer t Channel ) * v ]
where:
l is the length
t Timer is the counter elapsed time
t Channel is the communications channel delay
v is the TW velocity
Modern TW locators are based on digital communications,
intelligent devices and satellite based time synchronization.
They are using a common time reference for the devices
capturing the TW at the line terminals are simple. In figure 3 it
is shown a TW locating known as Type D.
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6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODERN POWER SYSTEMS MPS2015, 18-21 MAY 2015, CLUJ-NAPOCA, ROMANIA
Where
Where:
Figure 5 primary current at PS frequency filtering
S and R refer to the sending and receiving terminals.
Using GPS based clocks providing a typical accuracy of 100 The same currents from figure 5 going through a 10kHz to
ns and a guaranteed accuracy of 500 ns, this timing gives an 600kHz filter
accuracy of about 300m.
The relay discussed in this paper uses a 64 kbps channel that
exchanges currents for differential protection purposes. The
relay takes advantage of this bandwidth and includes TW
information within the data packet without affecting the
performance of the differential element. The relays exchange
the times of arrival of the TWs (see Fig. 4) and use this
information to estimate the fault location, make the results
available at the relay location, and send the results to the
control center within a couple of seconds after the occurrence
of the fault.
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6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODERN POWER SYSTEMS MPS2015, 18-21 MAY 2015, CLUJ-NAPOCA, ROMANIA
Based on equations and figures above, with settings required Event Utility (mi) SEL-411L
by the relay to determine the fault location, line length, Flashover 68.24 68.73
secondary cable length and the line propagation velocity Gunshot 38.4 38.42
calculated as described above the relay is calculating the fault Lightning strike Under 67.76
location. investigation
An additional practical consideration is to avoid a nuisance
operation of the traveling wave fault location system when If is not possible to have communication between ends it is not
there is no actual fault on the line. Any event on the line or a problem to find the fault using TW. Manually can be
neighboring lineline switching, surge arrester conduction, or collected travelling waves event reports from each substation.
large birds landing on the linewill produce a traveling wave. The event reports include the time of arrival of the wave for
Using a sensitive tripping element, such as a line current manual fault location estimation.
differential element, to qualify line events can eliminate these
problems. V. CONCLUSIONS
Imagine that using travelling wave the fault location can be Highly accurate fault location can help utility companies in
estimated with an error of 30-40 m, as an example after a BG order to save their costs with maintenance teams, to find and
fault on a transmission line the relay have indicated that the solve the faults in a short time and more accurate. Modern
fault was at 61.12km. The operating personal have found the relays have line differential and TW capability on same device
fault at 61.41km form the terminal. helping companies to save their costs and also to save the
Figure 8 shows a fault after a lightning strike lasting 100 ms. customer costs.
The line crew was not able to find this fault.
VI. REFERENCES
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