UNIT V ARTICLE REVIEW 2 The article Occupational

Exposure
To Purchase This Material Click below Link
http://www.tutorialoutlet.com/all-miscellaneous/unit-v-
article-review-2-the-article-occupational-exposure-to-
diisocyanates-in-polyurethane-foam-factory-workers/
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT

www.tutorialoutlet.com

UNIT V ARTICLE REVIEW 2 The article Occupational Exposure

To Diisocyanates In Polyurethane Foam Factory Workers is a
complete study on the health effects of diisocyanates (DIC) in worker
within the polyurethane foam industry. This study consisted of thirty
workers who would undergo a series
of sampling procedures to test for these health effects. Test performed
would check for inhalation
anomalies and blood concentration levels.
Diisocyanates (DIC) are a mainstay products within the polyurethane
foam industry.
common diisocyanates include toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4-
methylenebis (phenyl
isocyanate) (MDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)
(Swierczynska-Machura et al, 2015).
The effects of diisocyanates can be seen in both mucus mebranes of
the body as well as the in the tissue of the lungs.
There was a total of seven industrial hygiene sampling procedures
that were used in the study to evaluate a chemical hazard. These
procedures were not all performed with all 30 of the
subjects. Prior to sampling, each of the 30 subjects were given a full
medical questionnaire to
determine health history relating to respiratory symptoms,
occupational exposure, history of
atopy, the smoking status and exposure to domestic animal allergens
(Swierczynska-Machura et
al, 2015).
The first methods of sampling performed was through a skin prick
test. This test was
performed to determine each subjects predisposition to allergic
reactions. After this was
completed the next type of test performed was to determine the level
of allergen-specific IgE
antibodies to TDI (k75) and to MDI (k76) that was evaluated in each
patients serum
(Swierczynska-Machura et al, 2015).
Once allergen testing was complete the subjects were then given full
pulmonary function
tests (PFT) in order to determine lung capacity and lung deficiencies.
Along with the PFT, 18 of UNIT V ARTICLE REVIEW 3 the
subjects were tested using iinduced sputum analysis. This procedure
is a relatively noninvasive type of airway sampling that allows for
analysis of infective agents, including bacteria and viruses.
After the respiratory and allergen concerned testing is complete, then
the air monitoring tests were conducted. This includes the sampling of
the air for diisocyanates during a minimum
of 75% of the working eight-hour period. Gilian GilAir-3 personal
samplers were used for this
sampling (Swierczynska-Machura et al, 2015).
Finally, there were two types of urinalysis performed during the
testing procedures. The
first was to check for DIC metabolites within a urine sample. The
second was to check for
creatinine levels within a portion of the original sample. Gas
chromatography with mass
spectrometry was used in this testing to determine the TDI and MDI
metabolites in the urine
(Swierczynska-Machura et al, 2015).
The results of these testing procedures were as follows.
Questionaire Subjects were between 23-58 years old
There were 17 active smoker, 9 ex-smokers, and 4 non-smokers
Half had pets
Only two had family history of atopy
25 of the 30 lived in town
19 lived in a new house Skin Prick Eight had at least a single common
allergen
Five had grass allergies
3 had Class II mold allergies
Four had a type of tree allergy
Four had allergies to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus UNIT V
ARTICLE REVIEW 4 Sputum Testing The highest concentrations of
were found in the work stations of the maintenance
workers and of paper folders
Lower concentrations of TDI were found in the samples collected
from the work stations
of foaming head operators and cutting machine operators Pulmonary
Function Test 25 came back normal
Five showed bronchial obstruction
One was diagnosed asthmatic Urinalysis 20 workers agree to
biological monitoring
Seven workers showed TDI metabolite concentrations that exceeded
the Biological Monitoring Guidance Value (BMGV) of 1 mol
TDA/mol creatinine (SwierczynskaMachura et al, 2015). Of all the
used industrial hygiene testing and sampling procedures used within
this study, the
urinalysis testing would be the form recommended by this safety
professional. This testing would be even more effective with the
monitoring done to the work environment prior to workers
interaction with the product. These both will help to reduce risk by
knowing the before and after status of concentrations inside and
outside of the body. UNIT V ARTICLE REVIEW 5 References
Swierczynska-Machura, D., Brzeznicki, S., Nowakowska-Swirta, E.,
Walusiak-Skorupa,
J., Wittczak, T., Dudek, W., . . . Palczynski, C. (2015). Occupational
exposure to diisocyanates in polyurethane foam factory workers.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental
Health, 28(6), 985-998.