AER-602 Experimental Methods in Aerospace

Engineering
Assignment 1

Abdelrahman Hussein Nassif

November 19, 2016
Contents
1 Problem 1.1 1

2 Problem 1.2 2

3 Problem 1.3 2

4 Problem 2.1 3

References 3
ASSIGNMENT 1 Abdelrahman Hussein Nassif

1 Problem 1.1
Room thermostat
Sensor: The sensor used in thermostat based on thermistor (NTC) technology is a special
type of resistor whose value depends on the temperature. This resistor is made of semiconducting
material such as sintered metal oxides when this material is heated, the number of active
charge carriers increases. This allows more current to flow and in-turn the resistance of
this material will decrease.
Transducer: The transducer used in this case is an resistance-meter which is used to get
the value of the resistance then its used in this equation
1
= a + b ln R + c(ln(R)3 )
T
where:
a = 1.40 103
b = 2.37 104
c = 9.90 108
its implemented in a digital micro-controller or using analog components.
Control: Bang-bang controller is used to get the desired set-temperature.
Automobile speedometer
Sensor: The sensor is used to measure the rotation speed of the shaft connected to the
wheels and this sensor is using a set of magnets and magnetic field detector to measure the
interference between the magnets and outputs digital pulses.
Transducer: The transducer is a micro-controller or a computer which is used to calculate
the frequency and of these pulses and output to the digital meter on the drives seat.
Output: digital number expressing the speed of the car displayed on digital or analog meter.
Portable CD stereo system
Sensor: The sensor in this case is the light reflected back of the surface of the CD containing
the stored information
Transducer: The transducer is a combination of laser-light and photo-diodes.
Output: Digital sound.
Antilock braking system (automobile)
Sensor: The sensor stage is the same as Automobile speedometers but theyre placed on
each wheel on the car. Also, it has a gyroscope and steering wheel angle sensor.
Transducer: The computer or the micro-controller combine all the information coming from
all the sensor and determines whether any of the wheels is accelerating faster than the other
or the car is directed into different direction of the steering wheel.
Output: Valve actions on the brakes to decrease the speed of each wheel.
Automobile cruise control
Sensor: The sensor stage is the same as Automobile speedometers.
Transducer: The transducer stage is also the same as Automobile speedometers.
Control: A digital controller is used to control the error between the set-speed and the
vehicles speed.
Output: A digital signal is sent to motor to maintain certain rpm.

1
ASSIGNMENT 1 Abdelrahman Hussein Nassif

2 Problem 1.2
I couldnt find any data on any of the required standards because theyre all either paid or not available.

3 Problem 1.3
The output signal from the thermostat on a refrigerator: The output is as simple as bang bang
controller output which means fully on when the temperature drops off to certain threshold of
the set-temperature and fully-off when the temperature is within this threshold.
1.5
Thermostat Output

0.5

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time, s

Figure 1: Bang bang of Thermostat output

The shape and the equation of pure tone with 440hz frequency

y = sin((2440)t)

1.5

0.5
Amplitude

-0.5

-1

-1.5
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Time, s

Figure 2: 440 hz pure tone

2
ASSIGNMENT 1 Abdelrahman Hussein Nassif

4 Problem 2.1
rangeinput = xmax xmin
rangeinput = 99.5cm
rangeoutput = ymax ymin
rangeoutput = 252.8V

References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speedometer

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system