GROUND ANCHORS

Examples

TEMPORARY ANCHOR (P0) PERMANENT ANCHORS (P2)

Anchor head
Non-aggressive environment and
A rigid, painted head-cover,
atmosphere, short-term
connected to the bearing plate.
Anchor head
The head-cover is filled with an
A non-fluid anticorrosion coating.
anticorrosion product.

Transition zone
A trumpet tube is connected to the
Free length free length and filled with an
The tendon is protected by a anticorrosion product.
casing which is blocked off
at either end.
The casing must allow the tendon Free length
to extend freely during Each tendon is encapsulated within
pre-tensioning. a flexible casing, filled with grease.
A tube around all the tendons is
filled with a dense cement grout.

Bond length
A steel TAM at least 3mm thick,
filled with a dense cement grout
Bond length A minimum grout cover of 20mm
The tendons must have a grout between the anchor tube and the
cover of at least 10 mm relative ground with a minimum grouting
to the borehole wall. pressure of 0.5MPa. Minimum
grout cover between the armature
and the inside of the grout tube
of 5mm.

NB: the P1 protection provides intermediate protection between P0 and P2

(the bond length does not have the protection of P2)

4. Installation
The sequence of operations for installing a soil anchor is
as follows:
Drill borehole, diameter 100-200mm, depending on
the dimensions of the anchor body, at the appropriate
angle, using a drill rig and drilling fluid to suit soil condi-
tions.
Clean borehole, replace drilling fluid with grout,
usually a high-cement-content mix (water/cement ratio
between 1.7 and 2.3)
Insert the ground anchor by crane, from drum or
even by manhandling.
Once the grout has set, the bond length may be
pressure-grouted with cement grout. Various grouting
systems are used to suit ground conditions and the
degree of bonding enhancement required. The most
common method is the tube manchettes sleeved grout
pipe (see the Grouting chapter). The TA 95 guidelines
provide for two main methods:
- IRS (Injection Repetitive Selective) (Selective
Repetitive Grouting)
- IGU (Injection Globale Unique) (Single hit overall
grouting)
A period of 2 to 5 days, depending on ground and
grout type, is left between the final grouting and anchor
tensioning.
The anchor head protection is added after tensioning
is validated

5. Design
The cross-section of the tendon, the length of the anchor and the length of the free part must be determined.

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