Institute of Engineering and Technology, DAVV

Assignment-I (August 2009) 2AM401-Applied Mathematics-III

Dated 24 august 2009 submit on or before 31 august 2009

Rohit Pathak, Lecturer,Applied Mathematics Cell No. 9926611479

Download link:www.rohitpathak.synthasite.com

2. Difference Equations

2.1 Formation of Di¤erence equations.

2.1.1 Find the di¤erence equations satis…ed by the following functions-
x a
(a) yx = ax + b2 (b) yx = (a + bx)3x (c) yx = ax2 + bx(d) yn = a3n + b5n (e) yx = +b
x
log(1 z)
2.1.2 Assuming = y0 + y1 z + y2 z 2 + :::::::: + yn z n + ::::,…nd the di¤erence equation satis…ed by yn :
1+z
2.2 Solution of di¤erence equations-
2.2.1 Solve the following di¤erence equations-
(a) yn+2 + yn+1 56yn = 2n (n23) (b) yn+2 + 6yn+1 + 9yn = x2x + 3x + 7
1 p
(c) yp+2 (2 cos )yp+1 + yp = sin (d) yn+2 5yn+1 + 6yn = 4n (n2 n + 5)
2 2
n p n
(e) yn+2 2yn+1 + 4yn = 2n 6 cos + 2 3 sin
3 3
(f ) yx+1 zx = 2(x + 1); zx+1 yx = 2(x + 1)
(g) ux+1 + vx + wx = 1; ux + vx+1 + wx = x; ux + vx + wx+1 = 2x:
2.2.2 Use method of generating functions to solve the following di¤erence equations-
(a) yn+2 5yn+1 + 6yn = 4n ; y0 = 0; y1 = 1 (b) 2
yn 5 yn + 4yn = n + 2n ; y0 = 1; y1 = 1:
r0
2.2.3 Show that the di¤erence equation Im+1 2+ Im + Im 1 = 0 has the solution
r
sinh(n m) 1 r0 1=2
1
Im = I ;if I = I0 and In = 0; where = 2 sinh :
sinh n 2 r
2.3 Applications of di¤erence equations.
(a) The integers 0; 1; 1; 2; 3; 5; 8; 13; 21; :::;are said to form a Fabonacci sequence. Form the Fabonacci di¤erence equation
and solve it.
(b) A series of values of yn satisfy the relation yn+2 + ayn+1 + byn = 0, given that y0 = 1; y1 = 1; y2 = y3 = 2:Show
n
that yn = 2n=2 sin :
4
(c) A plant is such that each of its seeds when one year old produces 8 fold and produces 18 fold when two years old
or more. A seed is planted and as soon as a new seed is produced it is planted.Taking yn to be the number of
seeds produced at the end of the nth year, show that yn+1 = 8yn + 18(y1 + y2 + ::::::::::: + yn 1 ); hence show that
yn+2 9yn+1 10yn = 0:
(d) A beam of length l, supported at n points carries a uniform load of ! per unit length. The bending moments
1 2
M1 ; M2 ; ::::Mn at the supports satisfy the Clapeyron’s equation Mr+2 + 4Mr+1 + Mr = !l . If a beam
2
weighing 30 kg is supported at its ends and at two other supports dividing the beam into three equal parts of 1
metre length, show that the bending moment at each of the two middle supports is 1 kg metre.
(e) Consider a light string of length l stretched tightly between A and B. Let the forces Pi be acting at its equispaced
points xi (i = 1; 2; 3; :::n 1) and perpendicular to AB resulting in small transverse displacement yi at these points.
hPi
Show that yi+1 2yi + yi 1 = ; where T is the the tension of the string at xi and h = xi+1 xi : Since A
T
and B are …xed we can take y0 = yn = 0 as the boundry conditions.
(f) A light elastic stretched between two …xed nails 120 cm apart, carries 11 loads of weight 5 gm each at equal intervals
and the resulting tension is 500 gm weight. Show that the sag(loss of tautness) at the mid point is 1.8 cm.
(g) A light string of length (n + 1)l is stretched between two …xed points with a force P . It is loaded with n equal
masses m at distences l. If the system starts rotating with angular velocity ! ,…nd the displacement yi of the ith
mass.