Artery Detector

Client: Dr. Richard Chen, MD/PhD General Surgery

Team: Nima Shem, Carly Krull, and Paige Cloonan
Presented by: Paige Cloonan
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Traditional Surgery

Traditional Heart Traditional

Bypass Incision Cholecystectomy
Incision

http://www.thevalveclinic.com/minimallyinvasive.asp
http://keckmedicine.adam.com/content.aspx?productId=117&pid=60&gid=000103
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Minimally Invasive Surgery

Traditional Laparoscopic
Traditional Heart Minimally invasive Cholecystectomy
Cholecystectomy
Bypass Incision heart bypass incision Incision
Incision

http://www.thevalveclinic.com/minimallyinvasive.asp
http://keckmedicine.adam.com/content.aspx?productId=117&pid=60&gid=000103
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Minimally Invasive Surgery: Benefits

Smaller scars Faster return to normal activities

Less pain Shorter hospital stay

Fewer complications Faster recovery time

http://www.medtronic.com/content/dam/covidien/library/us/en/clinical-solutions/minimally-invas
ive-surgery/healthcare-economics-mis-infographic-brochure.pdf
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Minimally Invasive Surgery

Kim, J. "Non-Invasively Detecting Blood Vessels during Laparoscopic/Robotic Procedure." J Biosens Bioelectron 7.214 (2016): 2.
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Minimally Invasive Surgery: Electrosurgical Pencil

Electrosurgical pencils deliver current to cut through small areas of tissue.

http://www.medtronic.com/animal-health/products/advanced-energy/electrosurgical-pencils
http://www.medtronic.com/innovation-au/smarter-minimally-invasive.html
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Problem: Limited View and Tactile Feedback

https://www.flaticon.com/free-icon/standing-human-body-silhouette_30473
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Problem: Limited View and Tactile Feedback

https://www.flaticon.com/free-icon/standing-human-body-silhouette_30473
https://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-image-circulatory-system-male-heart-image26593666
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Problem: Limited Blood Vessel Scope

Surgeons and patients would benefit from a device that detects arteries while using
electrosurgical pencils during minimally invasive surgeries.
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Project Scope
We will deliver an electrosurgical pencil attachment that:

Produces an auditory signal

Does not add significant weight to the pencil

Locates arteries with high precision

by the end of April.

 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Design Specifications
Temporal Resolution: Sampling frequency of 1 Hz.

Spatial Resolution: On the order of mm.

Weight: Add less than 1 oz to the ES pencil.

Size: Smaller than 1.5 cm in diameter and 18 cm in length.

https://www.satimagingcorp.com/services/resources/characterization-of-satellite-remote-sensing-systems/
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Design Specifications
Depth Detection: 1-5 mm below
Lateral Detection: Within 1-5 mm
the surgical plane.
around the ES pencil electrode.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ap/chapter/functions-of-the-integumentary-system/
http://www.medtronic.com/animal-health/products/advanced-energy/electrosurgical-pencils
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Design Specifications
Time: Add fewer than 10 seconds to the current time to dissect a region of

tissue.

Output Power: Less than 120 W.

Output Signal: An auditory alert when the ES pencil comes within 1-5 mm of

an artery.

Cost: The final product should cost under $6,000.

 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Past Solutions: Ultrasound Doppler

Advantages:
High spatial resolution
Depth perception capability
Previously established in operating room

Disadvantages:
Large probe mass

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51708943_Use_of_colour_Doppler_imaging_in_ocular_blood_flow_research
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Past Solutions: Indocyanine Green

Advantages:
Efficient assessment of perfusion
Clear visualization of anatomy

Disadvantages:
Variable fluorescence intensity
Continuous injections required
No depth perception capability

Boni, Luigi et al. Clinical Applications of Indocyanine Green (ICG) Enhanced Fluorescence in Laparoscopic Surgery.
Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Past Solutions: Laser-Induced Pressure Waves and

Photoacoustic Blood Vessel Detection
Advantages:
Combines laser input and cheap
photoacoustic detection
Depth detection capability

Disadvantages:
Must zero all tissue absorption factors
Laser probe and ultrasound transducer
must be combined into a device

Photoacoustic blood vessel detection during surgical laser interventions

 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Past Solutions: Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Advantages:
High spatial resolution
High temporal resolution
Light weight
Depth perception capability

Disadvantages:
High cost

http://www.perimed-instruments.com/laser-doppler-monitoring
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Past Solutions: Coherence Gated Doppler

Advantages:
Depth perception capability
High spatial resolution
Light weight
Blood vessel detection within 3 mm

Disadvantages:
High cost

Coherence-gated Doppler: a fiber sensor for precise localization of blood flow

 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Past Solutions: Impedance Based Detector

Advantages:
Low energy consumption
Light weight solution
Low anticipated cost

Disadvantages:
Not currently used in the
operating room

Kim, J. "Non-Invasively Detecting Blood Vessels during Laparoscopic/Robotic Procedure." J Biosens Bioelectron 7.214 (2016): 2.
Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Project Plan
Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Carly Krull Nima Shem Paige Cloonan

CAD Specialist Hardware Developer Circuit Designer

Coordinate meetings with Aid in circuitry design Write weekly reports

Dr. Chen Aid in creating and Manage website
Aid in circuitry design printing prototype Assist with hardware
Assist in website creation Assist in website design modeling and
Assist with hardware Write weekly reports development
modeling and Aid in creating and
development printing prototype
Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Questions?

Thank you!
 Bibliography
1. Cuschieri, A. "Laparoscopic surgery: current status, issues and future developments." The Surgeon 3.3 (2005): 125132135-130133138.
2. Minimally Invasive Surgery Overview. Minimally Invasive Procedure Overview - Ethicon Advantage | Ethicon Payors,
www.ethicon.com/payors/mis/overview.
3. Fuchs, K. H. "Minimally invasive surgery." Endoscopy 34.02 (2002): 154-159.2. Kim, J.
4. Alkatout, Ibrahim et al. Principles and Safety Measures of Electrosurgery in Laparoscopy. JSLS: Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic
Surgeons 16.1 (2012): 130139. PMC. Web. 5 Oct. 2017.
5. Virdyawan, Vani, et al. Laser Doppler Based Sensing for Blood Vessel Detection with a Steerable Needle. ResearchGate, Imperial College
London, UK.
6. J. Horstmann, A. Baade, and R. Brinkmann, "Photoacoustic blood vessel detection during surgical laser interventions," in Medical Laser
Applications and Laser-Tissue Interactions V, R. Sroka and L. Lilge, eds., Vol. 8092 of Proceedings of SPIE-OSA Biomedical Optics (Optical Society
of America, 2011), paper 80920Z.
7. Chia-Pin Liang, Yalun Wu, Joe Schmitt, Paul E. Bigeleisen, Justin Slavin, M. Samir Jafri, Cha-Min Tang, and Yu Chen, "Coherence-gated
Doppler: a fiber sensor for precise localization of blood flow," Biomed. Opt. Express 4, 760-771 (2013).
8. Liu, Gangjun, and Zhongping Chen. Advances in Doppler OCT. Chinese optics letters: COL / sponsored by the Chinese Optical Society 11.1
(2013): 011702. Print.
9. Graf, Robert N., and Adam Wax. Temporal Coherence and Timefrequency Distributions in Spectroscopic Optical Coherence Tomography.
Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision 24.8 (2007): 21862195. Print.
10. Force Triad Energy Platform Specification Guide. Medtronic.
11. Boni, Luigi et al. Clinical Applications of Indocyanine Green (ICG) Enhanced Fluorescence in Laparoscopic Surgery. Surgical Endoscopy 29.7
(2015): 20462055. PMC. Web. 24 Sept. 2017.
12. Agarwal, Amar, ed. Fundus fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography: a textbook and atlas. SLACK Incorporated, 2007.
13. Pellerito, John, and Joseph F. Polak. Introduction to Vascular Ultrasonography E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2012.
14. Chiao, F. B., et al. "Vein visualization: patient characteristic factors and efficacy of a new infrared vein finder technology." British journal of
anaesthesia 110.6 (2013): 966-971.
15. Kim, J. "Non-Invasively Detecting Blood Vessels during Laparoscopic/Robotic Procedure." J Biosens Bioelectron 7.214 (2016): 2.
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Minimally Invasive Surgery: Technology

Laparoscopes allow surgeons to view inside the surgical area without

exposing it to the operating room.
https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/laparoscopy
https://www.uhmc.sunysb.edu/surgery/MIS.html
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Past Solutions: Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy

Advantages:
Pre-existing, popular solution

Disadvantages:
No depth perception capability

https://www.aliexpress.com/store/product/Portable-vein-finder-easy-use-to-find-vein-and-injection-vein-find-locater-vein-detector-BVF/402682_32638844187.html
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Problem: Limited Blood Vessel Scope

https://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-image-circulatory-system-male-heart-image26593666
 Background Problem Statement Design Specifications Current Technology Future Tasks

Past Solutions: Impedance Based Detector

Kim, J. "Non-Invasively Detecting Blood Vessels during Laparoscopic/Robotic Procedure." J Biosens Bioelectron 7.214 (2016): 2.