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ary coolant that circulates through the cases. The glycol fluid
that serves as the coolant in the system absorbs heat through
the secondary heat exchangers, which raises its temperature but
does not cause it to boil.
The differences between the two approaches can be best
understood by closely looking at how the two types of systems
operate.
DX System Operation
A traditional supermarket DX system (Fig.1) is made up of
four main basic components; compressors, condensers, expan-
sion valves, and evaporators. As already noted, the DX refrigera-
Photos courtesy Hill Phoenix
D
air passing
irect expansion (DX) and secondary loop (SN) through the con-
systems are two approaches to medium tempera- denser removes
ture supermarket refrigeration that have become heat from the
established in the marketplace. direct expansion refrigerant, chang-
has been around a long time, and secondary loop ing the state of
systems have been in use for more than a decade. the refrigerant
A major difference between the two types of systems is in into a saturated
the amount of refrigerant they use. SN systems generally re- mixture of liquid
quire half as much refrigerant as comparable DX systems. Due and vapor.
to environmental concerns and regulatory pressures, the num- From the con-
ber of SN systems being installed is continuing to increase. denser, the re-
frigerant in most
Fig. 1 Diagram of a direct expansion (DX)
Basic Differences traditional sys-
operation.
In comparing the two approaches, some basic differences tems moves into
stand out. DX relies on the refrigerant undergoing a change of a receiver which works as a reservoir. Liquid refrigerant flows
state from a liquid to a vapor as it moves through the evapora- from the receiver into an expansion valve that meters the flow
tor. The liquid refrigerant entering the evaporator boils as it of refrigerant from the high-pressure, high-temperature side of
absorbs heat from the air in the case flowing over the coil. the system to the low-pressure, lower-temperature side.
In SN refrigeration theres no change in state of the second- After leaving the expansion valve, the refrigerant returns to