MONTESSORI CAMBRIDGE

SCHOOL

Biology Project File

Submitted to : Submitted by :
Mrs.Kiran Mamta Devi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher
Mrs.Kiran as well as our principal Mrs.Rashmi Ahluwalia gave me
the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic Human
diseases: Malaria , which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and I
came to know about so many new things I am really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me
a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mamta Devi, student of Class XII,
Montessori Cambridge School has completed the project titled
Human diseases: Malaria during the academic year 2017-18 towards
partial fulfillment of credit for the Physics practical evaluation of
CBSE 2018, and submitted satisfactory report, as compiled in the
following pages, under my supervision.
SIGNATURE
1. Defination
INDEX
2. Etiology of Diseases

3. Life cycle of Malaria

4. Sign and Symptoms

5. Treatment and Nursing care

6. Prevention

7. Biblography
MALARIA
 DEFINITION
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by protozoan
parasites from the Plasmodium family that can be transmitted
by the sting of the Anopheles mosquito or by a contaminated
needle or transfusion.

Falciparum malaria is the most deadly type.

introduces the protists via its saliva into the circulatory
system, and ultimately to the liver where they mature and
reproduce.
 ETIOLOGY OF DISEASE

Malaria transmission occurs primarily between dusk and dawn

because of the nocturnal feeding habits of Anopheles mosquitoes.

Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus

Plasmodium single-celled organisms that cannot survive
outside of their host(s).

Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the majority of

malaria deaths globally and is the most prevalent species in
sub-Saharan Africa.
Plasmodium vivax, is the second most significant
species and is prevalent in Southeast Asia and Latin
America.

P. ovale and Plasmodium malariae represent only a

small percentage of infections.

Plasmodium knowlesi a species that infects

primates has led to human malaria, but the exact
mode of transmission remains unclear.
 SIGN & SYMPTOMS
The disease causes symptoms that typically include fever and headache.

The symptoms of malaria include cycles of chills, sweats, muscle aches that
recur every few days.

There can also be vomiting, diarrhoea, coughing, and yellowing (jaundice)

of the skin and eyes.

Persons with severe falciparum malaria can develop bleeding problems,

shock, kidney and liver failure, central nervous system problems, coma, and
die.
 T R E AT M E N T & N U R S I N G C A R E

Uncomplicated malaria may be treated with oral

medications .

Antimalarials (known as artemisinin-combination therapy).

This is done to reduce the risk of resistance against
artemisinin.

Malaria can be treated with intravenous or intramuscular

quinine, though it is found to not kill all species of the
parasite.

.
 One of the most effective drugs is Malaron. It works very
quickly, but it is very expensive.

A few other drugs taken to cure malaria are Artemisinin,

Doxycycline, and Mefloquine.

One of the most commonly used drugs to prevent malaria

is Chloroquine
 Provide ICU, if possible
Prepare equipments, iv fluid and medications necessary
Sphygmomanometers for measuring BP with 3 different cuff
sizes for different group of patients.
Syringes, needles, lancet and alcohol for blood drawing and finger
Psychological support for the patients and their families:
Explain the course of severe malaria and emphasize on the
important and process of frequent monitoring of vital signs,
intake/output and finger prick for parasitemia follow-up after
treatment
 Listening and willing to answer every questions to relive their
anxiety

Do every nursing activities with tender, love and care.

Important nursing activities in the management of severe malaria

 PREVENTION

Spray oil on surface of water to prevent the Anopheles albimanus

mosquito to growth new baby mosquito.
Throw out water that contain in unuse container or clean the drain.
Using aerosol to kill Anopheles albimanus mosquito
Mosquito nets help keep mosquitoes away from people and
significantly reduce infection rates and transmission of malaria.
promoting awareness of malaria and the importance of control
measures have been successfully used to reduce the incidence of malaria
in some areas of the developing world.
 One should therefore take protective measures to reduce contact
with mosquitoes, especially during these hours.

These measures include remaining in well-screened areas, using

mosquito nets, and wearing clothes that cover most of the body.

Additionally, one should have insect repellent for use on exposed

skin.
 BIBLOGRAPHY
GOOGLE.COM

WIKIPEDIA.COM

QUORA.COM

SCRIBD.COM

Special thanks to my teacher Mrs.Kiran

and to my brother Mr. Vishav Thakur who
have helped me to complete my project.