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Fetal Lie
The relation of the fetal long axis to that of the
mother is termed fetal lie and is either longitudinal
or transverse. Occasionally, the fetal and the
maternal axes may cross at a 45-degree angle,
forming an oblique lie, which is unstable and always
becomes longitudinal or transverse during labor. A
longitudinal lie is present in greater than 99
percent of labors at term. Predisposing factors for
transverse lies include multiparity, placenta previa,
hydramnios, and uterine anomalies Williams Obstetrics, 23e
The fetal position
Fetal Presentation
The presenting part is that portion of the fetal
body that is either foremost within the birth canal
or in closest proximity to it. It can be felt through
the cervix on vaginal examination. Accordingly, in
longitudinal lies, the presenting part is either the
fetal head or breech, creating cephalic and breech
presentations, respectively. When the fetus lies
with the long axis transversely, the shoulder is the
presenting part and is felt through the cervix on
vaginal examination. Williams Obstetrics, 23e
The fetal position
Breech Presentation
When the fetus presents as a breech, the three
general configurations are frank, complete, and
footling presentations. Breech presentation may
result from circumstances that prevent normal
version from taking place, for example :
hydramnios, high parity with uterine relaxation,
multiple fetuses, oligohydramnios, hydrocephaly,
anencephaly, previous breech delivery, uterine
anomalies, placenta previa, fundal placental
implantation, and pelvic tumors.
Williams Obstetrics, 23e
The fetal position
The complete
breech
presentation : one
or both knees are
flexed . Williams
Obstetrics, 23e
The fetal position
Longitudinal lie.
Breech presentation.
Left sacrum
posterior (LSP).
Varieties of Presentations and Positions
True labor
-Regular contractions
-Progressive dilatation and effacement of cervix
-'Show(a little blood and mucus discharged
from the vagina)
Obstetrics Illustrated, 6 e., Churchill Livingstone 2003, Kevin P. Hanretty
www.pinterest.com
Abdominal PalpationLeopold Maneuvers
LEFT
P P
T T
A A
Wikipedia
Summary
Leopold Maneuvers-summary