Latest Jet Grouting and

New Soil Freezing System

Using Natural Refrigerants
-SICAT2017-

Our Services
Waste
Treatment Dams Slope
Plants Stabilizations

Mountain
Station Renewals
Tunnels
Overpasses Floodgate
Renewals
Embankment

Sewage Plants
Urban Tunnels Industrial
Contaminated Complexes
Soil
Remediations
Airports
Pier Reinforcements
Port and Harbor
Renewals

Shield Protections Building

Foundations
Jet Grouting
and Underground
Road Widenings Soil Freezing
Deep Underground
Constructions

1
 Jet GroutingSoil Freezing
Jet Grouting
Enables to Be Applied at or Deeper than GL-40
m
Enables to Make Continuous,
Cylindrical Improved Soil Columns
Enables to Make 8m Diameter Columns
Applicable in Different Working
Situations

An Improved Soil Column


Soil Freezing
High Strength Frozen Soil Body(10N/mm2) Applicable
Provides Perfect Water Sealing
Enables to the Control Quality in Real-
in Projects
with Deep
Time Monitoring of the Ground
and Large
Temperature
Small amount of industrial waste Openings

Frozen Soil

Case Histories

Depth Purpose
GL-55m Bottom slab
Connecting point of Shield
GL-45m Tunneling Machines

GL-50m Reinforcement of Steel Piles


Defect Protection for Earth
GL-50m Retaining Wall 
Constraint of Displacement of
GL-77m Earth Retaining Wall
    !

"Jet Grouting at the GL- 40m.

"Protection of Departure of Shield Tunneling   
Machine.
"Water Sealing by Improved Soil Columns. Soil stabilization for Departure of Shield
"Working Experiences of Jet Grouting at great Tunneling Machine at GL- 40m
depth of GL-70m.


2
 Continuous and Consistent Improved Soil Columns

Requirement:
Core recovery rate not less
than 85%.


#

Strength of the Core Samples

Test Results of The Strength (Histogram) Clayey Soil Layer
Number of Samples: N=50pcs
10 Average Strength: quf=7.2N/mm2
Design Strength Fc=2.1N/mm2 Standard Deviation: =2.6N/mm2
9 Coefficient of Variation: /quf=36 *
8
Number of Data

7
6 Sandy Soil Layer
5 Number of Samples: N=43pcs
Average Strength: quf=9.1N/mm2
4 Standard Deviation: =2.5N/mm2
*
Coefficient of Variation: /quf=28
3
%&'(
2 %)'(
Clayey Soil Layer
Sandy Soil Layer
1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Unconfined Compressive Strength[N/mm2]

3
 Down Sizing of Machines
Type II / III Type I Latest Model
Standard Machine Small Machine Utra-small Machine

2.6 m

1.6 m 0.6 m
2.6 m

1.3 m

1.2 m
3.6 t 0.7
+
t 0.14 t

Jet Grouting under Special Conditions

Jet Grouting inside a subway

station during busy hours

Execution though
the structure
from the platform
-.

/
0
From the Railway
truck

Cut-off Wall by
Jet Grouting
,

4
Jet Grouting under Special Conditions

Seismic Reinforcement for Foundations of a

Historically Important Building

2
34
0
5
2
3/
0
6
7
98
6
:
; => -?@AB
Old Brick <
Foundation

CD E>
< Jet Grout Column CD E>
<
1

What is Soil Freezing?

The Soil Freezing is a Ground Improvement Technique in which a Soil Mass of a Certain
Geometry is Frozen Using Chilled Brine which is Circulated through the Freezing Pipes
Installed in the Ground.
Single Frozen Frozen Soil
Freezing Columns Wall
Pipes

Brine

Brine

FG

5
 Applied Examples of Soil Freezing
Stabilization of
Stabilization of Joint Connection
Departure Point of of Shield Stabilization of
Shield Tunneling Tunneling Unsupported
Machine in Deep Machine in Deep Excavation
Underground Underground

Stabilization of Stabilization of Joint

Arrival Point of Connection of Shield Stabilization
Shield tunneling Tunneling Machine in of Expansion
Machine in deep deep Underground of Structures
Underground

FF

Applied Examples of Soil Freezing

Frozen Piping on the Ground

Excavation to the Frozen Soil FH

6
Background to Introduce Natural
Refrigerants(NH3/CO2)for Soil Freezing
Global Warming Potential(GWP)
J
HCFC Refrigerant will be Banned
Refrigerants GWP
J in 2020.
HFC also will be Restricted
HCFC
J after 2025. (R22)
1,810
Greenhouse Gases were Conventional
Increased by 10.8% (vs 1990). System
HFC
3,920
J (R404A)
Conventional System KHCFC
NH3 L
1
(R717)
New System
J New System KNH3
CO2
Reducing the Environmental Load 1
(R744)
*CFC: Chlorofluorocarbon
*HCFC: Hydrochlorofluorocarbon
FI

Introducing NH3/CO2 System

NO
Brine HCFC(R22) Water CO2(MixedwithGas) 3 Water

Circulation Circulation

Pump Pump

Evaporator Condenser CoolingTower CO2Liquefier Condenser

Conventional CO2 New System:

System; (Liquid) Depriving the Heat
Depriving the Heat from the Ground by
from the Ground by Latent Heat of
Thermal Difference Vaporization of CO2
of Brine and soil. (-45 M)
Lat ent Heat of Vapori zat i on of CO 2: (-45P):303kJ/kg

(-30 M)
FQ

7
Features of New Soil Freezing System

Contribute to the Prevention of Global Warming
(Using NH3/CO2)

60% off the Conventional Power Consumption

(Low Viscosity and High Efficiency of CO2)

Very Simple and Safe Piping Work

(Downsizing and Lightweight of the Freezing Pipes)

Shortened FreezingTime of Soil

(Lower Freezing Temperature)
FR

Case History: Protection of Arrival Point of

Shield Tunneling Machine

Ishikari Bay Soil Freezing Pipe

Soil
J Pipe
Difference
4.7m of Internal
in Water Diameter
Pipe Full
Level 35m Shield with
Machine water

TUVW XYYZ[ Anti-washout

Materials
\]^ WZ_Z[ J Pipe

Sheet Frozen
Pile Soil
New Soil Freezing Shortened the Total Work Period by 40%.

The Power Consumption was saved by 50% to Conventional.

FS

8
 Future Plans
Linear Motor Car Project
In Order to Successfully Gain Large Projects:

Projects to widen Metropolitan

Expressways.
Soil Freezing in Deep Underground in
Urban Areas.

Projects Relating to High Speed Linear

Motor Car
Soil Freezing at GL- 70m

CFC Refrigerants Has Been Used for over 90 soil freezing projects in the
Past15 Years, .
New Policy to Use Natural Refrigerants in the Future.
This Contribute to Prevent the Global Warming in Construction Field.
F`

Future Plans
Tokyo Outer Ring Road Expressway Project
32m
Excavation u
v
xw
12m 16m
y
A Lamp A Main Line z

Water Sealing by Soil Freezing

hijklmn
A Lamp
efgd
Underground
A Main Line Expansion
omnplkqrlnst hijklmn bccd

HGF`a1 F,

9
Conclusion
Latest Jet Grouting
Many Working Experiences in Deep Underground.
Enables to Make Continuous and Consistent Columns.
Coefficient of Variation in Unconfined Compressive
Strength Is 40% Less or Below.
Is Usable in Very Narrow Spaces.

New Soil Freezing System with Natural Refrigerants

Contributes to Raise the Consciousness of Conservation of the
Global Environment in Construction Field.
Introduces Natural Refrigerants to Soil Freezing
Successfully Reduced the CO2 Emission by Decreasing
Power Consumption to 60% of the Conventional System.
{|

Thank you for your attention and interest.

10