Attachment A

Iqaluit Long Term Power Distribution System Study

o Appendix A – Iqaluit 30 Year load Forecast
o Appendix B – Iqaluit System Key Single Line Design
o Appendix C – Proposed 25 kV Substation Design Philosophy
 
 Qulliq Energy Corporation

Attachment A

Long Term Power Distribution System Study

Iqaluit, NU

REVISION DATE ORIGINATED REVIEWED APPROVED DOCUMENT

NUMBER: ISSUED BY: BY: BY: STATUS:
:
A Nov 05 AEC PM PM Issue for Review
B Dec 05 AEC PM PM Issue for Use
C July 09 AEC RB RB Revise & Re-
issue for Use
Scope

This report will identify and assess current problems associated with electrical load growth on the
Iqaluit distribution system in the past several years and projected future problems that will occur
with continued load growth. The report will explore best cost alternative to correct problems
through the standard engineering economic processes, such as simple pay back, rate of return,
and cost/benefit ratios. Conceptual engineering drawing designs, calculations, and philosophies
will also be included in this report to ensure proper direction on QEC standards and requirements.

System Background

The Iqaluit distribution system consists of eight (8) radial fed, overhead wood pole structured
distribution lines of various vintages, ranging from 5 years to over 50 years old. The carried
conductor ranges from AWG #4/0 AASC conductor (current utility standard) to AWG #2 soft
drawn copper conductor (1950’s post war utility standard). All eight feeders are connected via a
switchgear lineup at the main plant, where the systems main generation exists. Two feeders are
inter-connected (feeder’s 3 & 4) intermittently to the “Federal” standby plant located at QEC’s
federal road building and provides a standby capability of approximately 3 Megawatts (Mw) for
peak load shaving and local waste heat recovery/cogeneration for the facility. Refer to Appendix
B for a key single line diagram and distribution map of the Iqaluit System.

Applicable Codes, Standards, & Correspondence

The following codes, standards, and public documents were used to form the basis of this report
and serve as the base line design philosophy;

• NFPA Standard 70B – “Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment

Maintenance”

• CSA Code C22.1-02 – “Canadian Electrical Code Part 1” (Safety Standards for
Electrical Installations.)

• CSA Code C22.3 1-01 – “Overhead Systems”

• CSA Code CAN-3-C235-83 – “Preferred Voltage Levels for AC Systems, 0 to 50

Kv”

• EEMAC Standard Y1-2 – “Performance Specification for Finishing Systems for

Outdoor Electrical Equipment”

• ANSI Standard C57.12.90 – “General Requirements for Liquid Immersed

Distribution, Power and Regulating Transformers”

• “Iqaluit Core Area and Capital District Redevelopment Plan” – City of Iqaluit
development concept plan, 2005.

• Personal Correspondence – Mr. Clifton Rose, P. Eng, Senior System Planning

Engineer, Newfoundland Power. 2005.

2
Problem Identification

Due to increased load growth within Iqaluit’s capital core area and extensive development of
multi-unit housing structures, significant demand has been placed on various sections of our
distribution system that will eventually create problems as early as the winter of 2005-2006. The
main problem will be voltage regulation, created by a low distribution voltage, high peak currents,
and sub-standard conductor sizing.

Secondary to the issue of feeder loading is power loss, while it does not affect the customer’s
power quality directly, it affects QEC’s overall system efficiency and removes potential revenue
that could be recovered through sales to the customer or it can be translated to fuel savings to
the corporation by the releasing of system generation capacity.

Voltage Regulation Backgrounder

As a power utility we are required to maintain an acceptable power quality level to our customers,
mainly standard North American voltages within a slight tolerance. These values are specified in
the Canadian Standards Associations standard #C235, which is the benchmark for Canadian
Utilities to follow with regard to voltage regulation. If a feeders load growth is projected to put
voltage levels outside these guidelines corrective action must be taken. Various alternatives are
available depending on the severity of the problem, such as capacitor placement, re-
conductoring, load balancing, autotransformer tapping, and converting to a higher distribution
voltage level.

QEC has developed the following process to generate the best alternative;

I. Complete a long range load forecast of 30 Years, which forms the pay back period basis
and the useful life cycle of the associated equipment involved.

II. Include financial projections, including lost revenue over 30 years due to power losses,
outage time, costs of capital, inflation, and maintenance costs over the same period.

III. Develop each alternative and carry it over the life of the 30 year project, alternatives
shorter than this life span should not be considered. The least cost alternative should
then be examined.

IV. Consider energy costs for each alternative, since our energy costs are very high we want
to give projects which reduce power loss priority (Example: initiatives that lower our
distribution currents will improve voltage regulation and reduce power loss, such as a
voltage conversion project.)

Feeder Assessment
The following section details each feeder section in Iqaluit and gives brief recommendations on
upgrading and future load growth trends.

Feeder #1

Power Losses

Feeder one in Iqaluit feeds primarily the downtown (lower base) area of the city. The Connected
load is mainly residential, with exception of the courthouse and the Northern Stores. The winter

3
of 2005 the peak demand was 860 Kw. The projected Kilowatt hour (Kwh) losses are calculated
to be 94,695 for the 2005 Year.

Voltage Regulation

Voltage regulation on this feeder currently falls within CSA C235 standard, the base voltage is
344 volts (600Y/347 volt service located at the northern store), nominal at the furthest customer
point. While voltage regulation does not present a problem, conversion of the feeder should be
eventually completed to standardize the equipment and hardware; various sections of the feeder
require replacement of the system neutral conductor and certain sections of the feeder have a
vintage of over 30 years old. It is recommended that the feeder be upgraded to meet an
acceptable safety and reliability standard.

Feeder #2

Power Losses

Feeder two in Iqaluit feeds the core section of town, mainly the hospital and the high rise
buildings. It is physically the shortest feeder of the Iqaluit System. The connected load is mainly
commercial with a peak demand of 1220 kW in the winter of 2005. The projected Kilowatt hour
(Kwh) losses are calculated to be 290,832 for the 2005 Year.

Voltage Regulation

Voltage regulation on this feeder currently falls within CSA C235 standard, the base voltage is
116 volts, nominal at the furthest customer point. While voltage regulation does not present a
problem, conversion of the feeder should be eventually completed to standardize the equipment
and hardware; various sections of the feeder require replacement of the system neutral conductor
and certain sections of the feeder have a vintage of over 30 years old. It is recommended that the
feeder be upgraded to meet an acceptable safety and reliability standard.

Feeder #3

Power Losses

Feeder three in Iqaluit feeds the West 40, tank farm, water booster station #2, and select loads in
the North 40 area, while connecting to the federal plant’s G5 and G6 standby units. The
connected load is mainly commercial with a peak demand of 1340 kW in the winter of 2005. The
projected Kilowatt hour (Kwh) losses are calculated to be 209,013 for the 2005 Year.

Voltage Regulation

Voltage regulation on this feeder currently falls within CSA C235 standard, the base voltage is
113 volts, nominal at the furthest customer point. The far ends of this feeder are lightly loaded,
while the main load center is closer to the main plant (source) which reduces line voltage drop
and currently creates good voltage regulation. The use of the cogeneration source G5 & G6
located in the federal plant also gives improved voltage levels when connected to feeder four,
raising the base voltage to about 122 volts. While the federal plant corrects voltage regulation
slightly, it is recommended that it not be considered in the overall regulation of the feeder
because of its standby function on the Iqaluit system.

4
Feeder #4

Power Losses

Feeder four in Iqaluit feeds North 40, upper base, and sections of the downtown core section of
the city. The connected load is mainly commercial with a peak demand of 1450 kW in the winter
of 2005. The projected Kilowatt hour (Kwh) losses are calculated to be 588,672 for the 2005
Year.

Voltage Regulation

Voltage regulation on this feeder currently falls within CSA C235 standard, the base voltage is
115 volts, nominal at the furthest customer point. The far ends of this feeder are lightly loaded,
while the primary load center is closer to the main plant (source) which reduces line voltage drop
and currently creates good voltage regulation. The use of the cogeneration source G5 & G6
located in the federal plant also gives improved voltage levels when connected to feeder four,
raising the base voltage to about 118 volts. While the federal plant corrects voltage regulation
slightly, it is recommended that it not be considered in the overall regulation of the feeder
because of its standby function on the Iqaluit system.

While voltage regulation does not present a problem, conversion of the feeder should be
eventually completed to standardize the equipment, hardware, and reduce power line loss
associated with high currents experienced on the feeder section.

Feeder #5

Power Losses

Feeder five in Iqaluit feeds Happy Valley, 200’s, and the 300’s area of the city, the connected
load is mainly residential, with the exception of water booster station #1. Load growth on this
feeder has been slow, peaking at 750 kW in the winter of 2005. The projected Kilowatt hour
(Kwh) losses are calculated to be 114,055 for the 2005 Year.

Voltage Regulation

Voltage regulation on this feeder currently falls within CSA C235 standards. The base voltage
value is projected to be 110 Volts, nominal at the furthest customer point. While voltage
regulation does not present a problem, conversion of the feeder should be eventually completed
to standardize the equipment and hardware; various sections of the feeder require replacement of
the system neutral conductor and certain sections of the feeder have a vintage of over 30 years
old. It is recommended that the feeder be upgraded to meet an acceptable safety and reliability
standard.

Feeder #6

Power Losses

Feeder six in Iqaluit feeds the capital core district of Iqaluit and feeds the bulk of the commercial
load growth over the next several years, mainly Innuksugait Plaza Phase two (400 Kw projected
demand for 2006-2007), new plateau subdivision (80 Kw projected demand for 2006-2007),
Nunavut Justice Centre (115 Kw projected demand for 2005-2006), City of Iqaluit sewage
treatment plant (200 Kw projected demand for 2006-2007), RCMP “V” division Headquarters
building (112 Kw projected demand for 2007-2008). In the winter of 2005 the feeder demand
peaked at 1170 Kw prior to the connection of the previous mentioned loads. Power losses on this

5
feeder section are also a concern; the projected Kilowatt hour (Kwh) losses are calculated to be
543,248 for the 2005 Year.

Voltage Regulation

Voltage regulation on this feeder will be predicted to fall outside CSA C235 standards by the fall
of 2006 when the Nunavut Justice centre and Innuksugait Plaza Phase two are completed. The
base voltage value is projected to be 107 Volts, nominal at the furthest customer point. The
current CSA C235 standard value for extreme operating value is 106 volts, indicating a borderline
operating condition that will eventually cause problems.

Feeder #7

Power Losses

Feeder seven in Iqaluit feeds sections of the road to nowhere, west view, cross winds, and Apex.
It also feeds several commercial customers, mainly the AWG complex, the Middle School
complex, and the Telesat radar site. Load growth since 2000 has been steady on this feeder
section, peaking at 1090 Kw in the winter of 2005. While this feeder does not experience the
highest load growth of the Iqaluit system or have a significant impact on the core development of
the city, it has the longest length of any feeder in the system and large sections of this feeder are
well over 35 years vintage (Apex Section). The projected Kilowatt hour (Kwh) losses are
calculated to be 124,392 for the 2005 Year.

Voltage Regulation

Voltage regulation on this feeder currently falls outside CSA C235 standards. The base voltage
value is projected to be 94 Volts, nominal at the furthest customer point. The current CSA C235
standard value for extreme operating value is 106 volts, indicating a substandard operating
condition. To mitigate this problem the use of distribution transformer winding taps set to the
maximum (low) setting where employed to raise the voltage to approximately 105 Volts. This is a
temporary solution and does not adequately correct the voltage at peak loading times (Mid
January to late February).

The feeder also consists of a large gauge conductor (#2 ACSR), which impacts on the voltage
regulation of the feeder over the long distance, causing voltage drop. Any further development in
the area serviced by this feeder should be discouraged due to the low voltage levels being
experienced.

Feeder #8

Power Losses

Feeder eight in Iqaluit feeds the road to nowhere and Tundra Valley sections of Iqaluit. The
connected load on this feeder is primarily residential, with the exception of the Joamie School,
which has a connected load of approximately 180 kilowatts. Load growth since the 2003
development has been slow, peaking at 780 kW in the winter of 2005. This feeder represents
one of the smallest connected loads of any feeder within the Iqaluit system and has a vintage of
about 10 years. The projected Kilowatt hour (Kwh) losses are calculated to be 98,112 for the
2005 Year.

6
 Voltage Regulation

Voltage regulation on this feeder currently falls within CSA C235 standards. The base voltage
value is projected to be 118 Volts, nominal at the furthest customer point. While voltage
regulation does not present a problem, conversion of the feeder should be eventually completed
to standardize the equipment and hardware; various sections of the feeder require replacement of
the system neutral conductor due to size inconsistency and poor connection integrity. It is
recommended that the feeder be upgraded to meet an acceptable safety and reliability standard.

Total System Power Loss

The total system losses for the Iqaluit system in 2005 are calculated at 2,062,499 kWh. At a cost
of $0.40 per kWh this represents equivalent lost revenue of $783,428.52 annually. Iqaluit’s
generation efficiency is currently 3.90 kWh/L, which equates to 528,846 Litres of diesel fuel
consumed in 2005 to generate power system losses. This loss will continue to rise proportional
to the square of the current on each feeder, representing a sharp upward trend in projected
losses over the next several years with a distribution voltage of 4.16 kV and an average load
growth of 3-5% per year. Table 1 details system losses per feeder over the 2005 year.

Table 1
Loss Peak Loss @ 4.16 kV Average Loss @ 4.16 kV
Feeder Peak Load (kW) Factor Load Factor (kW) (kW)
1 860 0.468 0.65 23.1 10.81
2 1220 0.468 0.65 71.1 33.2
3 1340 0.243 0.44 98.2 23.86
4 1450 0.352 0.55 190.9 67.2
5 750 0.261 0.46 49.9 13.0239
6 1140 0.418 0.61 149.7 62
7 1090 0.266 0.47 53.2 14.2
8 780 0.261 0.46 43 11.2

Potential Substation Transformer Losses & Unrecoverable losses

With distribution system voltage conversion a high voltage distribution substation must be
constructed to step-up the voltage from the main plant bus from 4.16 kV to the new distribution
voltage of 25 kV. The main component of the substation will be the step-up power transformers,
these units are projected to be approximately 20 MVA in size, talking into account the 35 Year
load forecast of Iqaluit (See Appendix A) and a design life of 30 Years. Based on nameplate
loading, loss factor of 0.3 and an auxiliary loss factor of 0.1 the unit will produce the following
losses;

Table 2
3Ø Power Rating Core Losses Winding Losses Auxiliary Losses Annual kWh
(MVA) (kW) (kW) (kW) Losses
20/25 18 72 2 349,000

These losses must be subtracted from the savings of the distribution voltage conversion and be
factored into the payback period over the life of the equipment to determine if a complete
conversion of the system is feasible. Losses contained in the system secondary lines, such as
pole mounted transformers and service drops are not recoverable at any voltage level, since the
secondary circuits are not affected by such an upgrade. These losses are estimated at

7
approximately 240,000 kWh or 12% of total system losses as per accepted utility industry
practice.

Recommendation

The priority with any power utility should be the control and reduction of lost energy within there
distribution systems, unfortunately there will always be electrical energy lost in the delivery to
customer and QEC must implement an energy loss program that will aid in making well informed
decisions about the allocation of funding to reduce system loss. While financial performance is
the main incentive for loss control, voltage regulation and the ability of the distribution system to
properly accept load growth should also be a key factor. The loss reduction program in Iqaluit
must be based on the concept of increasing the nominal distribution voltage to a higher industry
standard, such as 25 kV. In deciding to convert the distribution voltage to take advantage of cost
savings we must look at the “system wide” implications and complete an economic analysis of the
key factors involved, mainly;

9 New substation facilities to supply the required system voltage.

9 Stocking of higher voltage distribution equipment (i.e. transformers, cabling, fuses,

cutouts, etc.)

9 Possible need for step-down power transformers to permit partial conversion of feeder
sections.

9 Installation of surge arrestors and line sectionalizers to deal with increased reliability
requirements and longer feeder lengths.

9 Procurement of new tools and equipment for maintaining a higher voltage class system.

9 The training of personnel in working with higher voltages, (i.e. substation electrician
certifications, safety requirements, etc.)

25 Kilovolt Distribution System Scenario

The total system losses for the Iqaluit system, based on the 2005 load are calculated at 684,494
kWh. At a cost of $0.40 per kWh, this represents equivalent lost revenue of $273,797 annually.
Iqaluit’s generation efficiency is currently 3.90 kWh/L, which equates to 175,511 Litres of diesel
fuel consumed in 2005 to generate equivalent power system losses if the system were
distributing at 25 kV. The following table depicts various elements associated with power loss
between the two classes of voltage.

Table 3 – (In 2005 Dollars)

Distribution Voltage 4.16 kV 25 kV Savings @ 25 kV
Annual Losses (kWh) 2,062,499 684,494 1,378,005
Equivalent Lost Revenue $783,428 $273,797 $ 509,631
Equivalent Fuel Consumption (Litres) 528,846 175,511 353,335

8
Operations & Maintenance Requirements

When converting a distribution system to a higher voltage class consideration must be given to
the impact on the operational maintenance and overall safety requirements. Tools and
equipment used by maintenance crews must be certified at the required voltage class and aerial
devices such as bucket trucks must be regularly tested to meet proper insulation levels. It is also
recommended that QEC develop standard work methods for distribution practice, such as
replacing broken poles, hold off (protection code) procedures, and temporary working grounds.
Regular training and certification must also be performed to keep personnel current to Canadian
utility practice.

The installation of a high voltage substation in Iqaluit will also broaden the scope of the line
maintenance department to perform periodic maintenance on various pieces of major equipment,
such as high voltage cabling, air-disconnecting switches, breakers, and power transformers. It is
recommended that a full maintenance strategy be developed to identify future requirements.

Salvageable Equipment

The salvageable equipment from a 25 kV conversion project would primarily be 5 & 15 kV class
transformers (pole and pad mounted types). Transformers typically represent the largest capital
cost of a voltage conversion project. Most of these units can be reused in our 15 kV systems in
Resolute Bay and Coral Harbor. The Resolute Bay system would require upgrading of various
sections in the 2010-2014 time frame, mainly converting 2,400 volt delta connected sections to
standard 15 kV class (12.47 kV). The salvaged transformers from the Iqaluit upgrade would
significantly reduce the capital cost of such a project and represent a large investment in reliability
and safety for the community.

Project Costing

The scope of the system wide voltage conversion can be broken into a multi year, multi phase
project that initially constructs the substation facility at the main plant, followed by upgrading at
the federal plant. To coordinate with this will be the conversion of each feeder over a two year
period to make the upgrade complete within two fiscal years. The Project can be divided into two
key parts, substation construction and distribution feeder upgrading.

Distribution Feeder Upgrading

Feeder upgrading will involve the following key tasks;

I. Re-insulating of the entire primary system, including grounding and bonding or insulating
of down guys and anchor rods.

II. Pole replacements at various feeder sections to improve safety clearance, aerial
trespass, and proper right-of-way easements.

III. The replacement of transformers and associated fusing, including cutouts with proper
pole mounting brackets (proper creep and flashover clearances).

The initial phase of this project (2006-2007) will see the temporary installation of automatic
voltage regulators on two feeder sections to provide proper voltage regulation during the
conversion process. This phase can be considered an intermediate measure to “create” an
acceptable time frame to complete the system wide upgrade. Additional phases will see the

9
conversion of feeders #7, #4, #5 and #8 (in 2009-2010), and feeders #1, #2, #3 and #6 (in 2010-
2011). Iqaluit system would then be reduced to three (3) trunk feeders, breaking the city into
three larger zones of protection, which would improve reliability and reduce the amount of
equipment required to be in service, such as feeder breakers, bus work, protection relays, and
cabling.

Substation Construction

The construction of a high voltage substation would be required in the Iqaluit upgrade to bring the
current generation voltage from 4.16 kV to the distribution voltage of 25 kV. The proposed
configuration of the substation would be a double ended, tie breaker configuration with redundant
power transformers. The main consideration for this type of substation would be to take
advantage of built in redundant systems that can be used in the event of emergency (i.e.
transformer or incomer cable failure on “A” bus.) or for planned maintenance routines. As well it
will maintain energized spare equipment for quick restoration and remove the down time required
to replace failed equipment and reduce preservation maintenance on spares that would be in
storage.

The proposed configuration for the federal plant would be a single radial feeder, with in-plant
switchgear modification and a simple outdoor pad mount transformer construction (refer to
Appendix C for single line drawings). This system would not be of redundant design due to the
fact that the federal plant is standby in nature and is not required for prime power use (i.e. the
cost is unjustifiable).

Each project should be related to give provision in the initial substation construction for future
connection of additional power transformers and associated equipment. By making allowance in
phase one QEC can easily integrate a phase to interconnect any potential hydraulic sources that
are developed in the future without incurring large capital costs involved with modifying the
substation.

System protection & Fault current limiting

An ongoing and common problem with electrical systems in Arctic regions with permafrost is
proper grounding and bonding. Frozen earth exhibits very poor conductive properties which make
proper low resistance earth ground paths nearly impossible and often results in high neutral
return current to the source neutral point at the plant neutral bus and can cause a ground
potential rise (GPR) on the station ground grid. During summer months the top “active” layer
thaws, giving a temporary ground path for only a few short months. The concept of grounding in
the arctic requires further study, but one method of mitigating the effects of high neutral return
(zero sequence) or unbalance current is providing electrical isolation by means of a Delta/Wye
transformer between the plant (source) and the connected system load. This configuration will
limit the GPR and potential arcing ground fault current to the substation side of the system only
and effectively isolate the generation plant equipment from damaging ground fault levels that
presently exist.

Construction of a high voltage substation will provide this isolation as well as a more stable
system for protective relaying and selective coordination between generation, substation, and
distribution fusing. Zones of protection will be effectively setup and fault current will be limited to
safe levels throughout the system.

10
Conclusion & Recommendation

The conversion of the Iqaluit distribution system would generate various benefits, mainly:

• Reduction of Greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 960 tonnes per year.

• Reduce diesel fuel consumption by approximately 350,000 liters per year.

• Reduce primary voltage regulation and allow for easy load growth within the city for the
next 35-50 years.

• Standardize construction methods and improve safety of the overhead system to reduce
overall maintenance cost and eliminate nuisance power outages during bad weather
conditions.

The simple payback of this complete project would be approximately 16-18 years, the average life
expectancy of the major equipment is 35 years, making it a viable project for QEC to undertake
and pursue further engineering economic analysis studies.

Appendix C to this report contains QEC’s intended design philosophy for the new 25 kV
substation and associated systems. This document will form the technical guidance for the
detailed design, costing, construction, and maintenance operation of the proposed new system.

11
 Appendix A

Iqaluit 30 Year Load Forecast

12
 Total  Domestic  Streetlight  Station  Peak 
Fiscal  Sales  Sales  Commercial  Sales  Service  Generation  Load 
Year  (KWh)  (KWh)  Sales (KWh)  (KWh)  (KWh)  (KWh)  (KW) 
2005  44422805  14888135  29127976 406694 2290776 47553680  8576
2006  44586726  14676604  29503428 406694 2385647 48852970  8540
2007  47288991  15520898  31361399 406694 2554608 50546160  8863
2008  45884110  15372579  30104837 406694 2581450 52260250  8944
2009  47640508  15349096  31878503 412909 2569561 54445810  8943
2010  51525675  16879438  34222071 424166 2705842 58685311  9639
2011  53138194  17387407  35326620 424166 2791192 60444894  9928
2012  55119443  18010353  36684924 424166 2889307 62606836  10283
2013  56703213  18529731  37742834 430648 3082315 64335048  10567
2014  58398608  19085833  38875547 437228 3286917 66185066  10871
2015  59839188  19557995  39837284 443910 3382409 67757029  11129
2016  61478601  20146041  41254400 440565 3478057 69531443  11421
2017  63164472  20703271  42440356 444104 3571503 71484193  11741
2018  64850343  21260500  43626312 447643 3667312 73436943  12062
2019  66536214  21817730  44812268 451182 3764203 75389693  12383
2020  68222085  22374960  45998224 454720 3865102 77342443  12704
2021  69907956  22932190  47184180 458259 3967879 79295193  13024
2022  71593827  23489420  48370136 461798 4070655 81247943  13345
2023  73279698  24046650  49556093 465337 4173431 83200693  13666
2024  74965569  24603879  50742049 468876 4276208 85153443  13987
2025  76651440  25161109  51928005 472414 4378984 87106193  14307
2026  78337311  25718339  53113961 475953 4481760 89058943  14628
2027  80023182  26275569  54299917 479492 4584536 91011693  14949
2028  81709053  26832799  55485873 483031 4687313 92964443  15270
2029  83394924  27390029  56671829 486570 4790089 94917193  15590
2030  85080795  27947259  57857785 490108 4892865 96869943  15911
2031  86766666  28504488  59043741 493647 4995642 98822693  16232
2032  88452537  29061718  60229697 497186 5098418 100775443  16553
2033  90138408  29618948  61415653 500725 5201194 102728193  16873
2034  91824279  30176178  62601609 504264 5303971 104680943  17194
2035  93510150  30733408  63787565 507802 5406747 106633693  17515
2036  95196021  31290638  64973521 511341 5509523 108586443  17836

13
14
 Appendix B

Iqaluit System Key Single line Diagram

15
 Appendix C

Proposed 25 kV Substation Design Philosophy

16
 Qulliq Energy Corporation

Design Philosophy

Iqaluit 25 Kilovolt Distribution Substation

By

Adam Chubbs, B.Tech, CET

Engineering Department

April 2006

Revision 01
 Table of Contents

PAGE

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Overview 4
1.2 Abbreviations & ANSI Device Numbers 4
1.3 Reference Codes & Standards 5
1.4 Site Data 6
1.5 Site Layout 6

2.0 25 kV Substation Design Requirements

2.1 Civil/Structural Site Requirements

2.1.1 Site preparation & Survey 7
2.1.2 Site Remediation 7
2.1.3 Site Access & Lot Setback 7
2.1.4 Permitting & Land Acquisition 7
2.1.5 Foundations and Superstructures 8
2.1.6 Grading & Soil Sterilization 8
2.1.7 Drainage 8
2.1.8 Oil Containment 8
2.1.9 Power Distribution Centre (PDC) Building 8

2.2 Site Electrical Requirements

2.2.1 Grounding, Bonding & Shielding 9
2.2.2 Station services & Small Power 10
2.2.3 Site DC Power & Battery Bank 11
2.2.4 Cable Raceways 11

3.0 25 kV Switchgear Lineup

3.1 Structural Design & Layout 12

3.2 Breaker & Power Fuse Requirements 12

3.3 Protective Relaying 13

3.4 PLC & SCADA Requirements 14

3.5 Cable & Wire Requirements

3.5.1 High Voltage Cables 14

2
 3.5.2 Control & Secondary Wiring 15
3.5.4 Wire & Cable Nomenclature 15
3.5.5 Nameplates & Finish 15

4.0 Substation Communications 15

5.0 Fire Alarm System 16

Appendix A – Iqaluit Main Plant Lot Survey Excerpt 18

Appendix B – Proposed Preliminary Design Drawings 19

P146-5264-E01 – Key Singleline Diagram (4 Sheets)

P146-5264-E02 – Protection & Control Diagram (3 Sheets)

P146-5264-E03 – Proposed Site General Layout (2 Sheets)

P146-5264-E04 – Proposed PDC Layout (2 Sheets)

P146-5264-E05 – Proposed Switchgear Layouts (2 Sheets)

P146-5264-E06 – 3 Line AC Schematics (4 Sheets)

P146-5264-E07 – DC Breaker Control Schematics (3 Sheets)

P146-5264-E08 – Station Secure DC Singleline Diagram (1 Sheet)

P146-5264-E09 – PLC I/O Rack Layout & Module Schematic (2 Sheets)

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1.0 Introduction

1.1 Overview & Scope

This document serves as direction and guidance for the detailed design of a 25 kilovolt
(27.6 kV class) distribution substation in the City of Iqaluit, Nunavut. This will include all
aspects of design of a double ended, tie breaker single bus system with four incomers to
provide redundant supply and interconnect between the Iqaluit main diesel plant and a
future 69 kV transmission line. Provision will be provided for the future interconnection
phase as indicated in the drawings and specified in this report. The single line diagram
in the drawing set P146-5264-E01 details the intended layout and functionality of the
substation.

The second phase of this project also requires for upgrading of the Iqaluit Federal
standby plant for interconnection to the new 25 kV system. Replacement and
reconfiguration of the plant switchgear and installation of a pad mounted power
transformer will be the main focus, but will only be included in the scope of this project
for information purposes. This phase will be identified in future requirements.

1.2 Abbreviations & ANSI Device Numbers

The following list explains commonly used technical abbreviations used by QEC in
technical reports and drawings:

AI – Analogue Input
AO – Analogue Output
DI – Digital or Discrete Input
DO – Digital or Discrete Output
AVR – Automatic Voltage Regulator
ACP – Alternator Control Panel
LECP – Local Engine Control Panel
VFD – Variable Frequency Drive
CT – Current Transformers
PT – Potential Transformers
IED – Intelligent Electronic Device
PDC – Power Distribution Center

The following lists ANSI device function number used on this project:

89 – Switch or Disconnect
52 - Breaker
50 – Instantaneous Over Current
51 – Timed Over Current
50N – Instantaneous Neutral Over Current
51N – Timed Neutral Over Current
87 – Differential Protection
81U – Under-Frequency
79 – AC Reclosing

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67 – Directional Over Current
63 – Gas Pressure
49 – Transformer Thermal Protection
25 – Sync-Check
22 – Temperature Control

1.3 Reference Codes & Standards

The following codes and standards shall be considered part of this philosophy insofar as
they give definitions and describe requirements and tests to which equipment to be
supplied shall meet. They include but are not limited to the following;

CSA C22.2 No 0-M91, General Requirements – Canadian Electrical Code Part II;

CSA C22.2 No. 31-M89 (R1995), Switchgear Assemblies;

EEMAC, Standard Light Grey Color For Indoor Switchgear;

IEEE 980-1994, “Guide for Containment and Control of Oil Spills in Substations;

CAN3-C13-M83 (R1992), Instrument Transformers;

EEMAC Standard – LB-1, Instrument Transformers;

ANSI/IEEE C37.20, Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers;

ANSI/IEEE C37.06, Ratings and Related Required Capabilities for AC High-Voltage

Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis;

ANSI/IEEE C37.09, Test Procedures for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a

Symmetrical Current Basis;

ANSI/IEEE C37.30, (plus supplement), Definitions and Requirements for High-Voltage

Air Switches, Insulators and Bus Supports;

ANSI/IEEE C37.90, Relays and Relays Systems Associated with Electrical Power
Apparatus;

ANSI/IEEE C557-12.91, Standard Test Code for Dry Type / Distribution and Power
Transformers;

C9-M1981, Dry Type Transformers;

CAN/CSA-C233.1-87, Gapless Metal Oxide Surge Arrestors;

NEMA SG4, AC High- Voltage Circuit Breakers;

NEMA SG5, Power Switchgear Assemblies;

NEMA SG6, Power Switching Equipment;

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NEMA Standard ST-20, Dry Type Transformers for General Applications;

EEMAC Standard G8-2, Switchgear assemblies;

IEC Standard 61850, Communication Networks and Systems in Substations;

IEEE Standard 485-1983, Recommended Practice for Sizing Large Lead Storage
Batteries for Generating Stations and Substations.

1.4 Site Data

The following table details the site requirements and environmental Data:

Data Type Value

Installation Indoor Switchgear
Elevation Above Sea Level 40 Meters
Maximum Ambient Temperature 30°C
Minimum Ambient Temperature -50°C
Relative Humidity 20%
Maximum Wind Velocity 110 Km/h
Maximum Ice Loading 20 mm Radial Thickness
Snow load Ss = 2.7 kPa, Sr = 0.2 kPa
Frost Type Permafrost
Keraunic Level 1 thunderstorm day per year
Fault Current 35 kA
Setback Required As per CSA C22.1, Section 26
Oil Spill containment (Transformers) Yes
Zoning Restrictions Yes
Height Restrictions Yes (to prevent exhaust contamination)

1.5 Site Layout

The proposed physical layout of the substation yard is indicated in the drawing set P146-
5264-E03 and includes an allowance for a future 69 kV class section. It is the intention
of QEC to make provision for this section in areas that will impact on the overall design
of the substation and to mitigate the need for future modifications during that phase of
construction. This will coincide with the interconnection of possible hydraulic generation
sources within the Iqaluit area.

2.0 25 kV Substation Design Requirements

2.1 Civil & Structural Site Requirements

The following section details requirements for Civil & Structural design within the
substation yard and surrounding area. Identification of these key items does not

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constitute complete design requirements. It is recommended that a geotechnical and
bedrock profiling study be completed to accurately model the site and help in
determining ground electrical resistance, permafrost active layering, etc.

2.1.1 Site Preparation & Survey

Initial preparation of the proposed area adjacent to the main plant in Iqaluit will require
the removal of all debris to provide a clear, open space to perform necessary
engineering studies. Drawing P146-5264-E03 shows a general location layout of the
proposed site.

Legal surveying of the lot will be required to assess land requirements and determine if
additional land is required to accommodate the substation. Appendix A shows the
current lot survey from the city of Iqaluit and should be used as a baseline site reference.

Relocation of the main plant fuel re-supply pipeline may also be required to create
additional space to accommodate the substation. Requirements of this relocation and
scope of work should be identified in the site civil design.

2.1.2 Site Remediation

Possible environmental site remediation should also be investigated at the proposed

site, such as the removal of hydrocarbon contaminated soil, any diversion of streams or
drainage ditches, and its close proximity to a watershed area. Any information regarding
this site can be made available through QEC’s environmental department.

2.1.3 Site Access & Lot Setback

Access to the proposed site shall be made by two gates, located at the Northeast and
Southwest sections of the substation fencing and allowance shall be made for a 5 meter
fire lane around the outside of the fenced area. The minimum setback inside the
substation from the fence to the nearest un-energized equipment shall be a minimum of
1.1 meters and 3.7 meters for energized equipment (i.e. bus work and cabling), while
providing adequate space for bucket/maintenance truck access.

All fencing shall be constructed as per CSA C22.1-02, section 26-300 and be of a
galvanized chain link construction.

The side of the substation adjacent to the Iqaluit main plant shall have a setback
minimum of 25 meters from the plant north exterior wall to allow for future expansion of
the building to accommodate two engine bays into its existing machine hall.

2.1.4 Permitting & Land Acquisition

Upon completion of the requirements of section 2.1.1, land acquisition and permitting
may be required through the municipal level of government for development of the site.
Once civil engineering requirements have been met, submission of the site development

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drawings to the planning department of the city of Iqaluit for approval should be carried
out. The city can then identify any requirements for permitting, etc.

2.1.5 Foundations and Superstructures

All foundations supporting major equipment within the substation will be installed on
pilings elevated from finished grade to allow for air flow to prevent melting of the active
layer of permafrost. All above ground raceways, such as cable tray will also be
supported with pilings along its entire route, at a minimum height of 1 meter above
finished grade. All riser structures and dead end gantries shall be self supporting and
mounted on pile structures to avoid the use of guying within the yard area.

2.1.6 Grading & Soil Sterilization

The substation yard and surrounding right-of-ways will be level graded, compacted with
aggregate, and chemically sterilized to prevent the growth of tundra grass and moss
within the substation yard area. The grading design should include the plan and
elevation of the finished sub-grade and existing contours of the substation and
surrounding area. Cross sectional views indicating slopes for cut and fill areas, roads,
and all graveled surfaces shall also be completed.

2.1.7 Drainage

The finished grade of the substation yard will be a high grade, washed crush stone. This
will facilitate good drainage of the yard and prevent standing water from forming around
high voltage equipment. A well devised drainage system must also be implemented to
carry all runoff water away from the substation area, especially during the spring melt
when potentially large amounts of snow will melt away from areas within the yard.

2.1.8 Oil Containment

The option of Transformer oil containment must also be investigated for the proposed
site due to the close proximity of a stream adjacent to the main plant. It is recommended
that each power transformer support structure be equipped with a primary oil
containment system (i.e. self-dyking tank or oil basin containment). It is also
recommended that the guidelines of IEEE Std 980™-1994 IEEE - “Guide for Containment
and Control of Oil Spills in Substations” be used as a guideline.

2.1.9 Power Distribution Centre (PDC) Building

The PDC building shall be waterproof and shall consist of an insulated, prefabricated,
modular enclosure that is suitable to be mounted on site to a pile support structure. The
building will contain all the switchgear and auxiliary equipment as indicated in drawing
P146-5264-E04. The building shall be constructed according to the latest edition of the
National Building Code of Canada and have a design life of at least 30 years.

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The module will have two exit doors, one at each wall end, and have access steps and a
landing for ease of entry. The southeast end of the PDC will have a double door
configuration to allow for the removal of breakers and various other large pieces of
equipment. Refer to drawing P146-5264-E04 for orientation.

The building shall be suited for an arctic climate, with minimum R40 insulation for the
walls, and R50 insulation for the floor and roof. Allowance must also be given for
ventilation of the PDC due to battery hydrogen release during discharge and equipment
heat rejection. Section 26-546 of the CEC shall be followed when determining battery
ventilation requirements. The PDC shall maintain an ambient temperature of 25°C.

The Exterior color of the building shall be painted ASA 61 Grey. Color samples should
be submitted to the project manager for approval prior to painting.

The floor shall be designed to accept incoming and outgoing cabling, while maintaining
the integrity of the floor insulation. It is recommended that a recessed, removable cable
gland entry plate system be used at the rear of the switchgear to provide extra protection
of connectors and associated hardware.

Grounding pads for the attachment of NEMA 2 hole wire lugs will also be provided at;
each corner of the PDC building; any section of the structure were major structural joints
exist; and points were cable raceways attach to the PDC for the purposes of bonding.

The module will be pre-wired where possible, for lighting and small power receptacles as
per drawing P146-5264-E04. All interior small power raceways will be of rigid aluminum
conduit construction.

The module shall be constructed and factory acceptance tested (FAT) prior to shipping
to site. Requirements of FAT and commissioning will be specified by the owner at a
later date.

The construction of the PDC will require that it be disassembled for marine transport and
reassembled on site. The current heavy lift capability within the city of Iqaluit is
approximately 20 tonnes and the maximum dimensions of the right of way adjacent to
the main plant is approximately 8 meters in width by 6.5 meters in height, due to the
proximity of the existing feeder risers. These factors must be taken into account when
designing the modular construction of the building and its contents.

2.2 Site Electrical Requirements

2.2.1 Grounding, Bonding & Shielding

Grounding design and calculations must be completed to determine the extent of the
grounding required and the overall size of the ground grid. Obtaining proper ground
resistance in a permafrost environment will be a challenging task and may require
innovative techniques to achieve the required result. Proper impedance levels must be
reached to ensure proper operation of protective relaying and ensure good selective
coordination of fuses within the distribution system. Personnel safety must also be

9
considered through proper bonding of site equipment to reduce the possibility of “step-
touch” potentials, etc.

The following criteria shall be met:

ƒ Ground grid burial a minimum of 460mm below finished grade

ƒ The ground grid should extend a minimum of 1 meter outside the fenced area,
with a gate bypass extending a minimum of 460mm beyond the opened gate.

ƒ Ground conductor shall be a minimum of AWG #4/0, bare, softdrawn stranded

copper conductor.

ƒ All above and below ground connections shall be compression type connections.

ƒ All lightning and surge suppressor grounding shall be continuous, directly to the
grounding grid.

ƒ Adequate grounding conductor shall be buried to allow for expansion during

freeze and thaw cycles.

ƒ All substation fencing to be a minimum of 2.1 Meters, with a 305mm barbed wire
extension. Proper grounding of the fence as per CSA C22.1-06, Section 26 shall
also be implemented.

ƒ Power transformer neutral bushing connections shall be continuous connections

to the grounding grid.

ƒ All cable tray and associated support equipment shall be bonded as per CSA
C22.1-06, Section 10.

Due to poor electrical grounding in permafrost QEC maintains a system neutral bus in all
its switchgear to accommodate zero sequence current and recommend that the
substation be designed with neutral/ground bus work. Allowance should also be made
for separate neutral conductors on feeder riser cabling to avoid sheath currents. All
cabling will be properly bonded and grounded to avoid the flow of sheath and eddy
currents.

All instrument and control cabling shall be properly shielded from EM interference where
ever possible through the use of drain wiring and interlocking cable armor. Separate
non-metallic duct banks will be used to carry control cabling from field devices.

It is recommended that a grounding/ground resistance study be completed in the

summer of 2006 to identify any problems in obtaining proper grounding parameters. To
mitigate the effects of permafrost grounding the placement of ground electrodes in near
by lake bodies or the use of chemical ground enhancement products should be
investigated.

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2.2.2 Station Services & Small Power

Substation AC small power and station services shall be designed as per Drawing P146-
5264-E01. General layout of equipment shall be in accordance with Drawing P146-
5264-E04 and applicable building and electrical codes. An automatic transfer switch
(ATS) will be used to supply station service panel “A” from either bus A or bus B when
required. Normal mode of operation will be coupled to bus A, upon loss of voltage (70%
of nominal bus voltage), a transfer will be initiated to bus B to maintain service to panel
“A”. A dry contact (24 Vdc rated) from the ATS will also be provided to connect to the
station PLC and provide supervisory notification to the SCADA system of a transfer from
normal operating conditions. The ATS will also have provision for testing locally at the
unit panel.

All exterior lighting, except for PDC building perimeter lighting will be controlled via a
lighting contactor panel. The lighting contactor will be controlled via photocell and have
a control selector switch to allow for on-auto-off control for manual override and
maintenance purposes.

Emergency lighting will be provided via wall mounted exit lighting combo packs (self-
contained battery packs) and fluorescent lighting fixtures equipped with emergency
lighting ballasts, fed from the station DC battery bank. Drawing P146-5264-E04 details
requirements and fixture type to be used. Allowance must also be given for 120 Vac
receptacles and lighting kits within the switchgear low voltage compartments, with an
extra allowance for devices located in control cells 12 & 13.

2.2.3 Site DC Power & Battery Bank

The station secure DC supply shall have a nominal system voltage of 24 volts DC, with a
standard voltage deviation of 10% over the total duty cycle of the battery bank. The DC
supply shall have an appropriate Amp-Hour (AH) rating to accommodate the critical
loads specified in the following table for a period not less than 8 hours at an ambient
temperature of 25°C;

Device Consumption (watts @ 24Vdc)

Protection Relays 600
HMI’s 30
Pilot Lamps 40
Emergency Lighting 350
Breaker Tripping 120
I-RIG-B GPS Receiver 45
Future Requirements 200
Total Connected Load 1385

The secure DC power supply shall have its battery charger supplied via a circuit breaker
in Panel “A” of the station service. The complete DC system shall be designed under
the configuration of “full float operation” and supply loads through a station DC
distribution panel. Switching of all DC circuits will be done with a minimum of 2 pole
breakers, to provide switching and line protection of both legs. Refer to drawing P146-
5264-E08 for the proposed single line diagram. The station DC system shall be

11
designed in accordance with IEEE standard #485-1983 – “Recommended Practice for
Sizing Large Lead Acid Storage Batteries for Generating Stations and Substations”.

2.2.4 Cable Raceways

All cable raceways will be either open ladder type cable tray or underground duct banks,
drawing P146-5264-E03 indicates a proposed route for the raceway. Main incomers
feeding power transformers IQ-T1 & IQ-T2 shall be underground duct banks, consisting
of rigid PVC ducts at properly spaced and supported intervals. Separate ducts will also
be ran for control and instrument circuits between the power transformers and the main
plant to the corresponding feeder breaker Cells of breaker 52-GF1 & 52-GF2.

All 25 kV power, associated control and instrument cabling (except for feeder risers)
shall be located above ground in CSA approved open ladder cable tray. The tray
system shall extend under the PDC, where it will be suspended from the structure to
properly carry all cabling to designated gland entry plates. All feeder riser cabling will
enter underground duct banks that will run to a designated section of the dead-end
gantry. All yard tray will be supported by pile structures and be suspended a minimum
of 1 meter above finished grade.

Provision shall also be made for future development of the 69 kV section of the
substation yard. Allowing for future cable tray support will be essential, along with
providing enough cable run space on existing raceways for future cable requirements to
cells 1, 11, 12, and 13 of the PDC switchgear.

A duct bank shall also be provided for the installation of an optical fiber cable from cell
#13 of the substation switchgear to the main plant server room for tie-in to the
corporations Ethernet backbone.

Allowance shall be given for a riser pole and corresponding duct bank to be located
within the substation boundary to carry the main plant phone, data, CATV, and SCADA
optical fiber services into a designated media closet in the main plant.

3.0 25 kV Switchgear Lineup

3.1 Structural Design & Layout

The recommended physical layout of the switchgear is indicated in drawing P146-5264-

E05 and shall consist of standard 915mm wide cells where possible to utilize maximum
access to low voltage compartments and wire ways between cells. The switchgear shall
be operated and serviced from the front only. Rear exterior access doors shall be
constructed for cable termination facilities directly above cable entry gland plates located
in the floor area and directly below blast vents.

The switchgear construction shall be of arc resistant metal clad design, capable of
withstanding a fault current in excess of 35 kA @ 1 second interrupting, and be in
accordance with IEC/IEEE/ANSI standards. All bus ampacities shall conform to sizes
indicated in the key single line diagram located in drawing P146-5264-E01.

12
Each breaker cell will be equipped with thermostatically-controlled electric heaters
capable of maintaining proper ambient operating temperatures and prevent any
condensation from occurring within the enclosure areas.

3.2 Breaker & Power Fuse Requirements

All power breakers shall be of the draw-out vacuum type, complete with a motor-charged
stored-energy operating system, capable of high speed auto-reclosing duty. Provisions
shall also be made for manually charging the closing mechanism.

All breaker control shall be electrically and mechanically “trip free” as per NEMA
Standard SG4, 56-5, and incorporate an anti-pumping relay scheme.
It shall not be possible to rack out a “charged” or “closed” breaker into or out of its
cubicle.

Means of testing and operating the circuit breakers in the racked out “test” position shall
be provided, along with a breaker testing panel located in a fixed position in the PDC.
The test panel shall have a breaker control circuit connector attached to a length of
flexible cord that can be ran to any breaker cubicle in the PDC. The test panel’s circuit
shall be similar to the existing breaker trip/close logic and have a master power switch,
close, trip, corresponding status lamps, and voltage test points.

All breakers shall have a continuous duty current rating as indicated in the key singleline
diagram in drawing P146-5264-E01 and have a rated short circuit current of 250 MVA.

The breaker shall have a 100% reclosing duty with appropriate momentary short circuit
duty rating.

It is recommended that an X/R ratio of between 30 and 50 be applied, dependant on

changing fault current through future interconnection of generation sources and
changing system dynamics. The Iqaluit system tends to be mainly resistive in nature
and X/R ratios tend to be low.

Power fuses will be utilized in providing protection for all instrument voltage transformers
and station service transformers. All fuses shall be of the current limiting type, with
blown fuse indication. Arc quenching expulsion fuse design shall also be investigated
when selecting fuses.

3.3 Protective Relaying & Settings Development

All protective relaying as indicated on key singleline diagrams in drawing P146-5264-

E02 shall be of the microprocessor based, multi function type and be classed as
intelligent electronic devices (IED).

The General Electric Multilin, SR series of relays will be utilized as the primary protection
means. Future provision shall be made for additional relaying associated with the
addition of the 69 kV section, including protective relays for transformers, breakers, and
bus protection.

13
All protective relaying and associated support equipment (i.e. Ethernet switches and
optical fiber media converters) will be supplied with secure power via the station 24 Vdc
distribution panel.

Current transformers (CT’s) shall have accuracy designations of 2.5L200 or better for
relaying accuracy and 0.6B2 for metering accuracy.

Potential transformers (PT’s) shall be withdrawable with a means of properly grounding

the units when withdrawed. The use of primary and secondary fusing is recommended.
PT’s shall have a accuracy ratings of at least 0.6ZZ (bus PT) & 0.6X (line PT).

Protection and control circuits shall be developed as per drawing set P146-5264-E06 &
P146-5264-E07 to ensure the operational philosophy and flexibility of the substation is
maintained in accordance with QEC’s standards.

Protective relay settings will be internally developed by QEC during the final design and
construction phase of the project through “concept of operation” technical reports.

3.4 PLC, HMI & SCADA Requirements

Supervisory control of the substation will be maintained via a dedicated PLC located in
cell #13 of the switchgear and be connected to the SCADA system (in the Iqaluit main
plant) via Ethernet fiber optical link to provide optical isolation of the main plant from the
substation facility.

A human machine interface unit will also be mounted locally on the cell door to provide
monitoring and annunciation functions. Drawing P146-5264-E08 details I/O
requirements and specifies the manufacturer type for the PLC installation.

The substation will utilize the existing SCADA tag server in the Iqaluit main plant and
supervision will be provided via the main plant control room through its existing common
alarm and shutdown system. PLC logic and soft tag development will be completed
internally by QEC during the final design through “concept of operation” technical
reports.

3.5 Cable & Wire Requirements

3.5.1 High Voltage Cabling

All high voltage cabling shall be cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) with a minimum of
90°C temperature rating. 133% Insulation and a 100% copper concentric neutral shall
be used wherever possible. The cable must be single conductor.

5 kV cabling shall be suitable for use in underground duct banks.

28 kV cabling shall be suitable for use in suspended cable tray and be easily terminated
and connected were required in designated entry gland plates.

14
A complete insulation coordination study shall be performed during the design of the
substation to ensure all cabling and associated connectors, terminations, and corona
shielding are properly employed to reduce high voltage stress.

All power cabling shall have phase coding applied by color bands at each end near
termination points and be clearly visible when accessing termination cabinets and entry
throats.

3.5.2 Control & Secondary Wiring

All secondary wiring shall be type SIS thermoplastic insulation. #10 AWG shall have
color coded covering; over #10 AWG shall have phase coding applied by color bands at
each end.

1. All CT wiring shall be a minimum of #10 AWG.

2. All PT wiring shall be a minimum of #12 AWG.

All control wiring shall be type TEW thermoplastic insulation, minimum of #14 AWG.

3.5.3 Wire & Cable Nomenclature

All control and secondary wiring shall be grey in color and all grounding, bonding and
drain conductors shall be green. All wiring shall be “point to point” from devices were
ever possible.

All wiring shall use the “highway” method of marking that utilizes a reverse addressing
of device numbering between terminals while being able to effectively bundle conductors
into common wire ways and reduce occupied space.

3.5.4 Nameplates & Finish

Engraved, laminated, 3mm thick plastic nameplates with white face, black core, and
affixed by screws shall be used to identify the following;

1. Each switchgear cell and function.

2. Each front mounted device.

3. Each device mounted inside the low voltage compartment including fuses,
terminal block assemblies, and DC breakers.

Proper signage shall also be affixed to the switchgear notifying personnel of any
hazards, such as high voltages or devices containing multiple voltage sources. All
warning signage shall be in accordance with CSA C22.1-06 Part 1, section 36-006.

15
4.0 Substation Communications

All substation IED’s will be equipped with a communication capability for SCADA and
overall substation automation system (SAS) operations. The primary protocol will be
TCP/IP and/or modbus® over TCP/IP.

The substations wired network will be a 10base100 industrial grade Ethernet backbone
with an interfaced optical fiber node to connect to the main plant network, local PLC, and
HMI panel located in the PDC switchgear lineup.

All structured wire systems related to the substation will be designed and built as per
CSA Standard T530-99 – “Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications
Pathways and Spaces” and standard T529-95 – “Telecommunications Cabling Systems
in Commercial Buildings”.

The overall design philosophy of the substation communication system shall conform
wherever possible to IEC Standard 61850 – “Communication Networks and Systems in
Substations”.

5.0 Fire Alarm System

A four zone fire alarm system shall be designed and specified for the PDC section of the
proposed substation. The system shall be DC operated, have its own local auxiliary
battery pack and have “normal” operation supply fed from the station 24 Vdc panel.

A common fire alarm dry output contact shall be provided to the substation PLC to
provide remote alarming to the SCADA and the main plant alarm string for indication to
the control room.

Provisions shall also be made to designate a separate zone within the main plant fire
alarm system for the substation area if possible.

Local audible and visual annunciation shall also be mounted externally on the PDC
building wall to provide redundant signaling in the event of a failure of the station PLC
and/or the communication link with the main plant SCADA.

The fire alarm system shall have the following designated zones;

ƒ Standard pull stations located next to lighting switches at each entrance to the
PDC building.

ƒ Minimum of two flame detectors adjacent to the switchgear lineup in the PDC
main area.

ƒ Minimum of two rate-of-rise heat detectors located in the PDC main area.

ƒ Future zone to be utilized for 69 kV section of substation for installation of flame

detectors in major equipment control cabinets.

16
The complete system shall conform to ULC Standard S527-99 and Section 32 of CSA
C22.1 – 06 wherever possible and practical.

17
Appendix A

18
 Appendix B

(Refer to Drawing Package)

19