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 Solid-Liquid Separation
Technology for Removing
Contaminant Fines from Water
Scrubbing, Clarifier Effluents and
Grey Water

Barry A. Perlmutter
President & Managing Director
BHS-Sonthofen Inc.
Seminar Outline
BHS Introduction
Applications & Candle Filter Technology
Purge Water Treatment Units with filter aid
PWTU Concentration without filter aid
Impacts of chemical usage in clarifiers on
filtration efficiency and troubleshooting.
Grey water filtration/concentration
Summary
BHS-Sonthofen
 Purge Water Treatment Unit with
Filter Aid-Dry Cake
Wet scrubber removes catalyst fines and sulfur
dioxide from the FCC unit flue gas.
A purge stream is sent from the wet scrubbing
system to a PWTU and then to disposal.
The candle filter system removes catalyst fines
from the clarifier effluent prior to discharge.
The particle size is below 0.5 micron.
Initially, filter cartridges were planned but the
cost of change out alone, was estimated to be
over several million dollars not including the
cost of cartridge inventory, disposal and
manpower
Candle Filter Technology
Candle Filter Technology
Vertical cake surface
Materials: 316L SS,
PP/PVDF/CPVC,
Hastelloy/Alloys
Dip tube open at
bottom
Outer perforated
structure
Vertical tie rods
Cloth media
Candle Filter Technology

Cake discharge by sock expansion

 Difference in Life Cycle Costs of
Operation (TCO) Based Upon Solids
Concentration
TCO Comparison BHS Candle Filter Using Filter Aid vs. Cartridge
6
Filters
Note: BHS Costs will be even less without filter aid
5

4 BHS Pre-coat filter

Cartridge filter 50 ppm
TCO [Mio ]

3 Cartdridge filter 15 ppm

0
0 1 2 3 4 5

years of operation
Purge Water Treatment Unit with
Filter Aid-Dry Cake
Installation Summary from
BHS Candle Filter (2 x 100 m2)
Design
400 gpm and 190 ppm solids
Solids removal to 40 ppm
Parallel operation (12 hour cycles)
Actual Operation (at start-up)
60 ppm solids in feed
48 hour cycle
0-5 ppm solids in filtrate
Purge Water Treatment Units with
Filter Aid-Dry Cake
Purge Water Treatment Units with
Filter Aid-Dry Cake
Dry Solids Cake Discharge from
BHS Candle Filter (2 x 100 m2)
 Purge Water Treatment Units
Without Filter Aid-Concentrating
In this application, the wet scrubber water purge is
pumped to a clarifier for primary removal of large catalyst
solids. The clarifier overflow discharges to an oxidation
tower and the effluent from the tower is pumped through
the effluent filter and heat exchanger prior to discharge.
The flow rate is 46 m3/hour with a solids concentration of
200 ppm. The particle size is below 1.0 micron. Initially,
backwashable metal cartridges were planned but the low
dirt holding capacity and the frequent backwash was
estimated to be uneconomical.

The benefits of the candle filter included clear filtrates to

less than 1 ppm & less backwash to the clarifier as the
candles are cleaned with compressed gas and not liquid.
Purge Water Treatment Units Without
Filter Aid-Concentrating
Filtration System Troubleshooting

Three main areas that must be examined:

The filter itself for mechanical reasons
The equipment around the filter is not working
The filter operational procedures are not correct
Laboratory Testing
Selection of Filtration Technology
CAKE STRUCTURE /PROCESS
PARAMETERS FROM LAB TESTING
Filtration Pressure
Cake Thickness
Filter Media
Cake Washing
Cake Drying
Cake Discharge
Cycle Times
Process Guarantees
Filtration System Troubleshooting
Process Examination:
Clarifier overflow with no coagulant / no flocculants
Clarifier overflow with only coagulant / no flocculants
Clarifier overflow with both coagulant and flocculants
Clarifier overflow with only flocculants / no coagulant
Results:
The chemical change caused the larger particles to
settle out; only the smaller particles reached the
filtration system-blinding the filter media.
The flocculants were eliminated-coagulant usage
reduced (better for the client/not for the chemical
supplier)
Result is a consistent PSD and better filtration rates.
The benefits of looking at the whole system
Concentrating Candle Filters
for Grey Water
Fines Slurry at 200 PPM BHS Pocket Leaf Filter Clarified Water (0.5 um)
Concentrating Candle Filter
Technology
Concentrating
Candle Filters
800 gpm Clear Filtrate
3 x CF12-170 (62 m2)
Parallel operation: 0.5 micron particle
retention
2 online 1 offline
6 hr cycle per filter

Sludge Discharge
Slurry Feed Once per 3 hours
800 gpm 300 gallons; 10% solids
200 ppm solids
Hold
Tank
or
Pump
Concentrating Candle Filters
for Grey Water
Summary of BHS Process
Filtration Solutions
Sherlock Homes and Dr. Watson
No jumping to conclusions

Engineers must evaluate all outcomes to

make an informed and successful decisions
Close collaboration between the client and
BHS provides for creative problem-solving
for process filtration solutions
BHS-Sonthofen Inc.

Barry A. Perlmutter
President & Managing Director
E-mail: barry.perlmutter@bhs-filtration.com
Blog: www.perlmutterunfiltered.com
Book: Practical Guide in Chemical Engineering
Solid-Liquid Filtration
Published by Elsevier
www.bhs-filtration.com/book