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Learning outcomes refer to what a student will be able to know or do at the end of a
learning unit. Learning outcomes are written for 4 areas of learning:
Knowledge
This refers to the content, topics, what we know of as the syllabus. You may start
these learning outcomes by saying:
Having successfully completed this unit, you will be able to demonstrate
knowledge and understanding of:.
Cognitive Skills
This is what you expect students to do with the content: describe, compare, evaluate,
apply etc. These always start with a verb that will guide how you assess see table
with a list of verbs below.
Key Skills
The University have a guided list of key skills (see QAU Handbook, section 2.3.1.4
scroll to near bottom) which are:
communicate orally
work in a team
work independently
appropriately use ICT
research & critically evaluate information
apply techniques, theories in a new context
In assessing key skills you may want to add a particular group of key skills to a set of
core assignments and include in the marking. Or, you may ask students to evidence
their key skills work through, for example, Progress Files. You may have a mix of
techniques. For example assessing attitudes or group work/seminar work you could
use verbs like: supports, shares, responds, judges, joins, questions, praises, listens,
argues, responds, challenges, integrates, enjoys, volunteers, attempts, listens,
receives, decides.
Cognitive Skills for Learning Outcomes
Cognitive Domain Selection of active verbs for Answers the questions
learning outcomes
1. knowledge ability to recall previously define, label, recall, order, list, quote, Who, what, when, where, how?
learned material, know specific match, state, recognise, identify, recite How do you define?
facts/methods/procedures, know basic
concepts/principles.
2. Comprehension ability to understand the describe, discuss, summarise, How would you paraphrase?
meaning of material, interpret charts/graphs, paraphrase, report, review, What are the main ideas?
estimate future consequences implied in the understands, explain How would summarise?
data. Give examples of
3. Application ability to use learned information assess, demonstrate, examine, How is xxx an example of yyy ?
in new situations/problem solving/solutions distinguish, establish, show, report, How is xx related to yy?
that have best answers, demonstrate correct implement, determine, produce, solve, Why is xx significant?
usage of procedures, apply laws/theories to draw, interpret, provide, use, utilise,
practical situations. write
4. Analysis ability to identify component parts analyse, illustrate, discriminate, What are the parts/features of xx?
of knowledge, to understand its structure and differentiate, distinguish, examine, Classify acccording to ..?
composition, recognise logical fallacies in question, infer, support, prove, test, Outline/diagram
reasoning, make distinctions between facts experiment, categorise, write How does xx compare/contrast with ?
and inferences. What evidence is there for ?
5. Synthesis- ability to creatively apply Compile, categorise, generate, What would you infer/predict from ..?
knowledge to new areas, integrate new negotiate, reconstruct, reorganise, What ideas can you add to ?
knowledge, write well argued paper/speech, revise, validate, organise, plan, How would you create/design ?
propose research design to test hypothesis. propose, set up, write, substitute, What might happen if you ?
initiate, express, compare, modify, What solutions would you suggest..?
design, create, build, devise, integrate
6. Evaluation ability to judge the value of Appraise, criticise, assess, argue, Do you agree that?
evidence/ material for a given purpose. justify, defend, interpret, support, What do you think about..?
estimate, evaluate, critique, review, What is the most important?
write Prioritise & give rationale
Decision making rationale
Criteria for assessing .
As can be seen the cognitive complexity increases with evaluation being a more
complex cognitive activity than knowledge.
You may want to map your core learning outcomes with a type of assessment.
This will give you an overview of what you are doing and you may see that you
are assessing a learning outcome across several types of assessment. You could
get your core learning outcomes from your Programme Specification, but ensure
you consider how you deal with the various levels. To do this you could take some
information from units across the various levels.
Programme_______________________-