AFFIX POWER

Practice Book for developing word-building skills

For intermediate and upper-intermediate students

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 CONTENTS

Introduction 3
1. Noun formation 48
2. Adjective formation 918
Revision 2023
3. Verb formation 2428
4. Adverb formation 2931
5. Test File 3336
6. Exam Practice 3738
Appendices 3941
List of references 45

INTRODUCTION
AFFIX POWER is a practice grammar book designed to help intermediate and upper-
intermediate learners of English improve their grammar competence and teach them strategies
for doing well in their Use of English exam. This is achieved in various ways, as the material,
drawn from a rich variety of authentic sources is intentionally flexible in design.
The practice book is presented in a clear style and is logically divided into five sections,
each of which introduces and further details an essential topic. Sections one and two deal with
various ways of noun and adjective formation suffixation and prefixation and are meant for
intermediate students, while sections three and four are concerned with verb and adverb
formation and also revise noun and adjective word-building means. The last two parts are
intended for upper-intermediate students.
The book teaches students to analyze the morphological structure of the English word.
This is reinforced through a range of activities to practice the grammar, including gap-filling,
completion, rephrasing and editing (proofreading, or error analysis). AFFIX POWER
provides an abundance of exercises and tests so students can practice new structures in a
variety of contexts to help them master them.
There are also a Test File, including 13 tests, and an Exam Practice section, including 5
tests of the exam format, which enable the students to work independently.
The book also features grammar summary tables for students to consult in the
Appendices. Revision exercises give students a chance to consolidate what they have learnt.
The book will prepare students for more advanced grammar courses as well as for Use of
English tests.
The practice book is designed to supplement existing course materials and grammar
books by providing extra practice and consolidating what students have learnt. The book is
therefore suitable for self-study, homework or use in class.

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 1. NOUN FORMATION

1.1. Noun Suffixation

er/-or, -ist
These are common noun suffixes added to existing nouns or verbs, which describe people
and their jobs e. g., operator, journalist etc.
! Notice the common spelling changes:
perate / operator;
conomy / economist.

EX. 1. Look at the words and then add the rest of the definitions.
An actor is a person who ___________________.
A murderer is a person who _________________.
A journalist is a person who _________________.
A ballet dancer is a person who _______________.
A bank manager is a person who ______________.
A pop singer is a person who _________________.
A lorry driver is a person who ________________.

EX. 2
A. Write down the name of the person who does these things:
1) conduct; 7) interpret; 13) science; 19) design;
2) sing; 8) sociology; 14) paint; 20) reception;
3) economics; 9) ski; 15) instruct; 21) law;
4) employ (2 nouns); 10) prosecute; 16) poach; 22) ecology;
5) murder; 11) psychology; 17) dive; 23) art;
6) translate; 12) manage; 18) cartoon; 24) piano.

B. Form nouns from the following words and name suffixes used to describe jobs.
Consult dictionaries.

music racket
engine attend
politics custody
account guard
mountain obstetrics
gossip retire
train electricity

Give definitions of the given nouns and add some more words to the list.

EX. 3. Fill in the gaps with the words in brackets.

1. A(n).... is responsible for the preparation and publication of a newspaper, book or

magazine, while a(n) prints them ready to be sold (publisher / editor).
2. .. work on beaches or in swimming pools and save people from drowning, but
are hired to protect famous people (lifeguards / bodyguards).

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3. ... work in places from which you can buy books, whereas ... work in places
from which you can borrow books (librarians / booksellers).
4. A writes articles for newspapers or magazines, while a ... presents news
stories on television or radio (journalist / newsreader).
5. An is a scientist who studies the stars and planets, but an . makes
predictions by studying the positions of stars and planets (astrologer / astronomer).
6. A informs people about the weather on the TV or radio, whereas a
studies weather conditions so that the weather forecast can be given (weather
presenter / meteorologist).
7. catch fish which are then sold. .. sell them in their shops (fishermen /
fishmongers).

EX. 4. Form the correct noun from the word in bold. Answer the questions given below
the table.

1. The ______told everyone to smile while he took the picture. Photograph

2. Spain attracts hundreds of thousands of _______ every year. Tour
3. Did they catch the ________ who broke into your flat? Burgle
4. All ______of the company are entitled to four weeks paid holiday Employ
each year. Contest
5. The winning ________ receives a $ 5 000 prize. Act
6. Hes a very talented ________and his latest film was a great success. Study
7. Shes a ______ at St.Andrews College. Art
8. Hes very creative and hes always wanted to be an ______. Inhabit
9. The town has about 70 000 ________. Manage
10. Her ______ told her that she would have to do some overtime this
week.

What suffixes and stems are used to form nouns referring to people?

NB! There are other suffixes used to form nouns from verbs.

EX. 5. Add more examples of abstract nouns formed from the verbs listed. Check the
spelling changes in a dictionary.

Achieve, agree, approve, astonish, collect, create, decide, direct, employ, encourage, entertain,
imagine, insure, improve, insist, prefer, produce, propose, protect, replace, resist, retire,
survive.

-ment argument -tion description.

-ance performance.. -ation pronunciation
-ence reference -al denial
-ion prediction...

EX. 6. Use the endings -ance, -tion, -ment to make nouns from the following verbs and
complete the sentences below. Check the spelling in your dictionaries.
enjoy ........................ amaze....
celebrate ....................... compete ....
perform. engage ..
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entertain decorate..
impress ......................... ignore ...
Now use the derived words to fill in the gaps.
1. The little girl stared at the pumpkin lantern in ________ .
2. We would like to invite you to our party _____________ .
3. The musician gave an amazing _________ on stage!
4. Sarah and Jim put up all the ____________ on the Christmas tree.
5. Ronaldo won the first prize in the dance_____________ .
6. Ive broken off my __________to Arthur.
7. Im embarrassed by my complete _________of history.
8. I didnt get much_____________ out of that book.
9. Her speech made quite an _________on the audience.
10. Seniour staff get an allowance for the _________of foreign visitors.
EX. 7. Complete this table with the help of a dictionary. Find examples with these
words.
Verb Noun
permission
intend
payment
complain
understand
erupt
disagreement
mean
completion
exist
requirement
assist
fill
resident
retire
What suffixes are used to form nouns from verbs? Can you name any others?
EX. 8. Form the correct noun from the verb in bold.
1. There were a few people standing outside the main _____ to the enter
building. organise
2. She has been working for the _______ for more than ten years. direct
3. They got into the car and drove off in the ___ of the town centre. attend
4. We expected a large ________ at the live concert. affect
5. Moira felt a great _____ for her brother. combine
6. A _____of good luck and skill helped him to win the game. disturb
7.The decorators tried to cause as little _____ to the people who connect
worked in the building as possible. interfere
8. The electrician checked the ______ between the two cables. detect
9. The manager told her secretary she wanted no _______ from
anyone during the meeting.
10.The burglars disguised themselves to avoid ______
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What suffixes are used to form nouns from verbs?

EX. 9. Complete the sentences by filling in the correct form of the word in brackets.

It is very difficult to decide on the correct ______(1. punish) in cases like these. This was
why it took the judge so long to reach a ______(2. decide) in Ms. Lovells case. Her lawyer
said in her ______(3. defend) that she was lonely and confused and that this was why she had
ignored the ______(4. complain) of her neighbours for so long. He also argued that that this
was not the case of deliberate _______(5. cruel). In other words, Ms.Lovell had no
_______(6. intend) of causing suffering. He also argued that a case like this called for
______(7. understand). The judge finally found her _______(8. guilt), but gave her
_______(9. permit) to keep one dog for a period of a year.

NB! Nouns are also formed by adding a suffix to an adjective. Two suffixes
often added to adjectives to form nouns are -ness and -ity.

EX. 10. Fill in the boxes with the appropriate nouns, formed from the given adjectives.

Weak, polite, dark, similar, happy, tired, active, cheerful, generous, curious, vivacious,
regular, selfish, stupid, punctual, etc.

-ness - ity
weakness regularity

Add some more nouns to the given list.

*EX. 11. Add more examples of nouns formed from the adjectives listed.

Absent, aware, brilliant, careless, efficient, fluent, formal, important, lonely, nervous, patient,
polite, popular, possible, present, private, proficient, real, rude, secure, significant, simple,
loud, neat, jealous.
-ness awareness.
-ance arrogance.
-ence violence
-ity ability.
-cy accuracy.

EX. 12. What adjective do you associate with each of these abstract nouns?

Anxiety, arrogance, strength, wisdom, boredom, pride, hunger, thirst, freedom, admiration,
ignorance, tolerance, fury, fear.

EX. 13. Fill in the gaps with the correct words derived from the adjectives in bold. Pay
attention to the suffixes.

1. Matthew hasreading without his glasses. difficult

2. Great . is placed on experience in this company. important
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 3. Sharon showed herby moving into her own flat. independent
4. It was the mayors . that helped him win the election. popular
5. Paul and Daniels made Adrian jealous. happy
6. All toys should be checked for.. . safe
7. Frans always made her blush in public. shy
8. According to one of O.Wildes characters, ..is the thief of punctual
time. curious
9. They say, that.. killed the cat. familiar
10. As the proverb goes, .... breeds contempt.

1.2. Noun Prefixation

EX. 1. Learn common Noun prefixes and find in the dictionary examples of nouns and
sentences with them.

Prefix Meaning
sub- means under
e. g. subway means a way under the ground'
mis- means 'wrong' or 'badly'
e. g. misfortune is when your are not lucky and things go
wrong or badly
under- means below or beneath, 'less than normal/usual. (You can't
vote! You are underage!)
e. g. underground means below or beneath the ground
inter- means among, between or together
e. g. intermission is the short period of time between the parts
in a performance or a film

What other noun prefixes can you think up?

EX. 2. Add roots to form nouns with this prefix and make up sample sentences. Here is a
chart for you to fill in.
SUPER- PREFIX POWER

SUPER-

SUPER- SUPER-

SUPER-

SUPER- SUPER-

SUPER-

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 2. ADJECTIVE FORMATION

2.1. Suffixation
(Consult Appendix 1, on p. 36 and learn adjective-forming suffixes)

EX. 1. Fill in the suffixes: -ive, -ous, -ful, -ic, -able, -al, -y, -ible.

1. Although he came from Genoa in Italy, Christopher Columbus is often thought of as a

___________ (fame) Spanish explorer.
2. To be left by the roadside bleeding to death is a _________ (horror) way to die.
3. Many people believe that a diet rich in vitamins is very __________ (health).
4. It was such an ___________ (expense) present that I was too embarrassed to accept it.
5. It is no longer _____________ (fashion) to wear high platform heels.
6. I am _____________ (hope) that she will leave hospital next week.
7. We went to see an excellent _________ (photography) exhibition last week.
8. Everybody was wearing ____________ (nation) dress at the parade.
9. This is a very _________ (danger) road; there were at least three serious accidents on it
last year.
10. The factory is in the middle of the _________ (industry) part of the city, surrounded by
other factories.

EX. 2. Fill in the gaps with the correct words derived from the words in brackets.

Dear Philip,
Im just writing to tell you what a ________ (1. marvel) holiday we had. We went on a
camping holiday to the South of France and the weather was ________ (2. wonder).
The tent we stayed in was very ________ (3. comfort). It had a cooker, a fridge and a TV.
We were in the heart of the French countryside and some of the views were great. The
campsite itself was _______ (4. impress). It was well _______ (5. organize) and the staffs
were very ________ (6. help).
There were lots to do and, although Im not a very active person, I enjoyed swimming and
playing tennis. All in all it was a very _______ (7. enjoy) holiday.

EX. 3. Fill in the gaps with the correct words derived from the words in brackets.

Claude Monet was an artist who lived in France between 1840 and 1926. Hes probably
the most _____(1. fame) of all the Impressionist painters and today visitors can see his
______(2. beauty) paintings in museums around the world. Monet was most
_____(3. interest) in painting nature scenes and his most ________(4. impress) works are
now very __________(5. value). However at the beginning of his career, he found it _______
(6. possible) to sell any paintings, which meant that for years he was poor. In fact, he only
became very ________(7. success) after his death. Nowadays, people can visit Monets home
and admire the _______(8. peace) gardens where he worked for much of his life.

EX. 4. Fill in with the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. Matthew is not a ______ (decide) person; he can't make up his mind about anything.

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 2. Mr Smiths presentation was so _________ (impress) that the company bought his
product.
3. We gave Howard a special gift to show our __________ (appreciate) for all the hard
work he had done for us.
4. His most prized ___________ (possess) is a painting by Picasso.
5. She wore an __________ (attract) outfit; everyone said she looked very smart.
6. They organised a________ (demonstrate) to protest against cruelty to animals.
7. An artist needs to be very _____________ (create) in order to be successful.
8. The film had a very __________ (imagine) plot.
9. The ________ (construct) of the new shopping centre is expected to be completed in
two years.
10. Teachers should be ______ (object) when it comes to marking their students' work.

EX. 5. Add more examples to the lists below using these root words.

Accident, admire, cloud, education, emotion, fashion, child, fool, noise, sleep, history,
tradition, rely, fog, prefer, philosophy, young, horror, neglect.
-able__acceptable..
-al____regional.
-ical___biological.
-ish____whitish
-y_____draughty....
-ible___horrible.

NB! Remember that these words end in ible: in/credible, in/flexible,

im/possible, ir/responsible, in/visible, eligible, negligible, terrible.

EX. 6. Fill in the gaps with the correct words derived from the words in brackets.

I love my job even though its ______(1. danger). There are a lot of risks involved but its
also very _____(2. reward). In the past, it was quite _______(3. usual) to see a woman
firefighter and when I was a _____(4. train), there were hardly any at all. It was thought that
women would have ______(5. difficult) in doing this kind of job, but we have proved
everyone wrong. Despite the fact that it is hard work and quite tiring, firefighting is an
_____(6. interest) job. I have been a firefighter for years and I have never felt
_______(7. bore). Everyone I work with finds it an ____(8. enjoy) career to have and they
_____(9. certain) agree with me that being a woman is not a ______(10. advantage) in
becoming a firefighter.

EX. 7. Use the adjectives in the list to complete the exchanges.

mbitious lazy sociable bossy selfish cheerful patient.

1. A: She's always telling people what to do. B: Yes. She's so __________ .

2. A: Peter loves going to parties.
3. A: Sally never thinks about other people!
4. A: Is James still in bed?
5. A: She wants to be a lawyer one day.
lady.
6. A: You're in a good mood.
today.
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B: I know. He's really ___________ .
B: I agree. She's a very _________ girl.
B: I'll wake him up. He's a bit _________ .
B: Well, she is a very ________ young
B: Yes. I am feeling rather __________
7. A: Aren't you ready yet? B: I will be in two minutes.
Be__________!

EX. 8. Form the correct adjective from the word in bold.

1. Its a large ________city in the north of the country. industry

2. I didnt like the food. I thought it was a bit too ___________ . salt
3. Jane is such an _________ person, shes always running around doing
something. energy
4. Following a _______ diet and getting plenty of exercise is the best way to
lose weight. health
5. He really wanted to buy the car but it was too ______ . expense
6. Jumping into the river to save the young girl was such a _______ thing to hero
do. week
7. Sam always buys the local _______ newspaper. danger
8. White-water rafting may be ______, excite
but its also very ________ .
9. The dentist promised that the whole procedure would be completely pain
_________ . success
10. Hes a __________ lawyer. point
11. Its __________ to argue with him. He always does what he wants beauty
anyway.
12. She was a ______ young woman.

What adjective-forming suffixes do you know? What stems are used to form
adjectives?

EX. 9. Use -ive, -ous, -able, to form adjectives from the following words. Then use them
to fill in the gaps.
Fame; humour; adventure; collect;
enjoy; memory; protect; inform;
talk; express; admire; danger.

1. Sherlock Holmes is probably the most _____________ detective in literature.

2. That clown has a very ______________ face.
3. Tom is quiet, but John is quite ______________.
4. 'MAD' is a ___________ magazine that makes you laugh your head off!
5. The film was __________ for its fine acting.
6. The situation is potentially very______________ .
7. Shes too ____________ towards her children.
8. She showed _____________ self-control.
9. The holiday was much more ____________ than I had expected.
10. It was a ____________ decision.
11. The adverts are not very ___________.
12. He had always wanted an __________ life in the tropics.

EX. 10. Fill in the blanks with adjectives derived from the word in bold.

1. Be _________ ! Don't spend all your money on a new car (sense)!

2. He received the news with _________ enthusiasm (boy).
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3. Fortunately, a __________ man jumped into the water and rescued the child (courage).
4. The climbers had a _________ experience on the mountain (frighten).
5. Ireland has a rich _________ tradition (poet).
6. Tamara _________ about her son's behaviour at school (worry).
7. Our English teacher is very __________ with the students (popularity).
8. Linda is very __________ to other people's needs (sense).
9. More and more girls __________ in computers these days (interest).
10. Mrs Murphy is ___________ for cleaning the offices every day (responsibility).
11. Lila is ___________ to Mr Anderson. He is her boss (responsibility).

EX. 11. Complete the sentences by filling in the correct form of the word in brackets.

I saw a film last week that was not very _______(1. interest). It was a comedy but it was
not very ______(2. amuse). But perhaps the real problem was not that the film was bad but
that I was ______(3. depress). The weather was very _______(4. depress) that day too. To
add to my problems, I was _______(5. disappoint) because I had just had some
very________ (6. surprise) news. I had been hoping to get a very _________(7. interest) job
that someone else got instead. In fact, I was very ______(8. shock). I didnt get it because I
was _______(9. convince) that I had all the right qualifications. However,________
(10. disappoint) things like that happen all the time. So why was I _______(11. surprise)?

-FUL and -LESS

Note! Adjectives ending in -ful show that the person/thing being described has or displays
that quality. E. g. a painful injury (indicates pain).
Adjectives ending in -less show that the person/thing being described does not have or
display that quality. E. g. a tasteless meal (not tasty).

EX. 1. Whats the difference in meaning between the underlined words?

1. Careful? Certainly not, she was really careless!
2. I thought the injection would be painless, but it was extremely painful.
3. It wasnt very tactful of you to mention her divorce. How could you be so tactless?
4. He knew if he fell in the water hed be completely helpless. The swimming teacher
was really helpful.
5. Thank you for the post card. It was very thoughtful of you to send it. It was so
thoughtless of me to forget your birthday. Please, forgive me!

EX. 2. Use the base words in the chart below to make adjectives with the suffixes -ful
and
-less with a positive or negative meaning.

WARNING! Not all adjectives ending in -ful have a positive meaning. Not all adjectives
ending in -less have a negative meaning.

Base word Adjectives

Positive meaning Negative meaning
Beauty
Brain
Care

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 Charm
End
Event
Faith
Harm
Help
Home
Hope
Pain
Peace
Penny
Power
Sleep
Taste
Thought
Time
Use

Now translate the base words into your language. Make up sentences with these
adjectives.

EX. 3. Which of these adjectives in -ful have an opposite in -less?

Awful, beautiful, careful, delightful, grateful, hopeful, harmful, meaningful, painful,

powerful, respectful, skilful, successful, thoughtful.

EX. 4. Complete the sentences by filling in the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. Id like to live in a nice ______(peace) spot in the country where nothing changes.
2. I dont know if were going there for our holiday yet its still ______(doubt), so its
_______(point) arguing about what to do when we get there.
3. I was lost in a strange city and felt _______(help) because I couldnt speak the
language.
4. The painting was only a copy and almost _________(worth).
5. It is a pity shes made so many _________(care) mistakes.
6. I was very________ (gratitude) to her for her _________(thought) advice.
7. The operation was very ________(pain).
8. He loves his wife and has always been ________(faith) to her.
9. It was very ________(help) of you to do that typing for me.
10. The dog seems fierce but hes _________(harm).
11. He lay _________(sleep) on his bed.
12. Im ________ (hope) that hell arrive early.

EX. 5. Complete the following text by adding -ful or -less to the words below.

Norma Jean Baker was born in 1926. She was deeply unhappy at home, and always
had________(1. pain) memories of her ______(2. love) childhood.
She started her career as a model, and because she was so ____(3. beauty) she was quickly
hired by Ben Lyon, one of the most _____(4. power) producers in Hollywood, who changed

13
her name to Marylyn Monroe. At first she had no chance to show what a _____(5. skill)
actress she was.
In the 50s, however, she signed a new contract, and made a number of
_______(6. wonder) movies including Some like it hot. Her films were immensely
______(7. success) and she became the most famous star of her generation.
In her personal life, however, she never found the affection she needed. She remained
________(8. child) and her two marriages failed. She took pills to get her through
her_________(9. sleep) nights and she began to drink heavily. At work she became
_____(10. care) and difficult to work with.

EX. 6. Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets, using -ful or -less.

1. Smoking is _______ (harm) to one's health.

2. I thought it would hurt when the doctor gave me the injection but it was actually quite
______ (pain).
3. Ted is a very _______ (care) driver; he has caused many accidents.
4. Sarah's just returned from a ______ (rest) holiday in Florida; she spent her days relaxing
on the beach.
5. Don't be afraid of our dog he's _______ (harm).
6. The woman was very _______ (help); when I asked her for directions, she told me exactly
how to get there.
7. It is _______ (doubt) that he'll pass the exam, as he hasn't revised at all.
8. The _______ (care) secretary typed all the letters without making any mistakes.
9. Jamie is a _______ (thought) person who always remembers my birthday.
10. Her _______ (thought) remarks hurt my feelings.

Other adjective suffixes

*EX. 7. Choose the appropriate adjectival suffixes: -ic and -ical and explain the
difference.
A.
1. (Electric/-al) appliances such as washing machines and dishwashers use a lot of
electricity.'
2. My house was full of (electric/-al) and (electronic/-al) equipment.
3. An (electric/-al) fire in winter and an (electric/-al) fan in summer were all I needed.
4. The atmosphere was (electric/-al) when Tina Turner came on stage.
5. The (economic/-al) outlook in this country is now bleaker than at any time in the last
ten years.
6. This car is not very (economic/-al). It only does 15 miles to the gallon.
7. Storage heaters are extremely (economic/-al) because they run on night-time
electricity.
8. Politicians are invariably (economic/-al) with the truth.
9. We wanted to make the most (economic/-al) use of our time as we had only half a
day there.
10. She liked reading (historic/-al) novels.
11. Nelson won the (historic/-al) battle at Trafalgar.
12. It would be (politic/-al) to agree with him.
13. She has very strong (politic/-al) opinions.
14. The students of this university are very (politic/-al).
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B.
1. Hes an (energetic/-al) tennis player.
2. John is youthfully (idealistic/-al).
3. On his way home he met with a (tragic/-al) accident.
4. They became (hysteric/-al) during the performance.
5. We joined a (music/-al) society.
6. He cast (magic/-al) powers over her.
7. She bought the complete (poetic/-al works) of Wordsworth.
8. Its not a grammatic/-al question in modern English.
9. She wanted to see the famous (historic/-al) buildings of St.Petersburg.
10. My new car has (electric/-al)-operated windows.
11. He enjoyed watching the (classic/-al) childrens film Huckleberry Finn.
12. Fokine didnt change the steps (of classic/-al) ballet.
13. (Classic/-al) music is considered to be serious and of lasting duration.
14. Most of these trips had (comic/-al moments).
15. Events took a (comic/-al) turn.

*EX. 8. Choose the appropriate suffix -free or -less.

1. There are many (home-) people sleeping rough on the streets of London.
2. The whole journey was (trouble-) and we arrived at our destination on time.
3. There were so many (duty-) goods in the airport shop that we just didnt know where
to begin.
4. It was a completely (meaning-) exercise and they made no progress in their work.
5. After finishing the exams we all felt happy and (care-).
6. When there is never any opportunity of being released, prisoners are (power-).
7. The operating theatre was completely (germ-) environment.
8. Some of the runners tired very quickly, but others among them appeared quite (tire-).
9. The doctor advised her to keep to a (salt-) diet.
10. It is (doubt-) that this prisoner will be extradited.
11. She buys only (sugar-) chewing gum.
12. People are now advised to eat (cholesterol-) foods.

EX. 9. Fill in with the correct word derived from the words in brackets.

To escape from the routine of cooking and eating at home, many people visit their
______(1. favour) restaurant or, if they are feeling _____ (2. adventure), then try an
unfamiliar eating-place. Eating out is a great ______ (3. please). You have the chance to
sample _______ (4. taste) dishes, which are ______ (5. care) prepared by ______
(6. experience) chefs. You can try foods from around the world, everything from _____
(7. spice) eastern dishes to ________ (8. tradition) French and English cuisine. Eating out
also gives you the chance to ______ (9. social) with friends and to enjoy a _______
(10. relax) meal without having to make any tiring _________ (11. prepare) beforehand. For
a break from the ordinary, having a meal out is an easy and _________ (12. enjoy) option.

*EX. 10. Complete the following sentences, using the opposites of the given adjectives.
E. g. warm (to describe the weather) chilly.

1. Wide awake sl_______y.

2. lean d_______y or gr______y.

15
 3. Ill h_________y.
4. Clear (of the sky) c_______y.
5. Still (of liquids) g________ or br_______y.
6. Smooth (a mans chest) h_____y.
7. Full up (after a meal) h________y.
8. Serious (not amusing) f_______y.
9. Aromatic s_________y.
10. Good tempered gr________y.
11. Lean (meat) f_____ y.
12. Unconcerned about details f____ or fin ____y.
13. Silly br______y.

What stems are used to form adjectives with the suffix -y?

*EX. 11. Work out the meaning of the suffix -ish in two sets of words. Can you add some
more examples?

A. Childish, foolish, mannish, selfish, snobbish, broadish, coquettish, heathenish.

B. Reddish, greenish, yellowish, youngish, fattish, sevenish (Ill see you at sevenish).

2.2. ADJECTIVAL PREFIXATION

(Consult Appendix 2 on p. 39)

We use the following prefixes to form opposites:

Dis- dis/honest.
Il- il/legal.
In- in/dependent.
Im- im/possible.
Ir- Ir/responsible.
Un- un/happy.

But: un/realistic, un/reliable, un/reasonable.

EX. 1. Use the prefixes il-, im- in- or ir- to form the opposites of the following adjectives.
Then, use them to complete the sentences

legal decisive regular rational

possible secure mature discreet
responsible complete literate moral

1. I'm sorry, but I can't meet you at 8:00. It's _______

2. It was very ___________of you to leave your sister to come home by herself.
3. After losing her job, Diana started feeling very ___________ .
4. It's ____________to buy souvenirs made from endangered species.
5. This list is __________. There are some names missing.
6. Hes rather _________ for a man of 30.
7. He proved to be a weak and _______ leader.
8. Hes notoriously ________ about his private life.
16
9. He suffers from an_________ fear of science.
10. He worked_______________hours.
11. A large percentage of the population is ____________.
12. Some people think that birth-control and abortion are __________.

EX. 2. Give the opposites of the following adjectives and explain their meanings.
Illustrate with examples.

obedient popular
convenient formal
necessary pleasant
wise comfortable
lucky expensive
correct successful
just sensible
fair sensitive
curious decent
resolute different
coherent flexible

EX. 3. Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets (onsult the Appendices 1, 2 on
pp. 36, 39).

1. The man was told that it was__________ to park his car on double yellow lines (legal).
2. Her daughter was too _________ to be allowed to stay at home on her own (responsible).
3. His writing is completely __________. Nobody can read it (legible).
4. My brother is twenty-five but behaves like a sixteen-year-old. He's very _________
(mature).
5. Bob is very __________. He hates being kept waiting (patient).
6. The burglars stole my grandmother's watch, which, because of its sentimental value, is
_________ (replaceable).
7. In myths and legends, if someone is said to be __________, it means that they will live
forever (mortal).
8.The shape of the parcel was __________ and it was difficult to wrap (regular).
9. It was a mere detail which seemed ____________ at the time (significant).
10. The verger was a/an ____________ old man who could neither read, nor write (literate).

*EX. 4. Copy the table into your notebook and write in as many adjectives with a
negative meaning using these prefixes as you can think of.

Un- Im- In- Il- Dis- Ir-

N.B.! As you complete your table, you will probably find that you end up with many
more adjectives in the un- and in- columns than in any others. Happy hunting!

EX. 5. Match the following adjectives with their definitions.

17
 1. Infamous a. morally offensive
2. Irrelevant b. not thinking of other peoples feelings
3. Illiterate c. having lack of ability to behave carefully
4. Unreasonable d. not having any real connection with something else
5. Immature e. who hasnt learnt to read or write
6. Improper f. not suitable
7. Inconsiderate g. not friendly
8. Unfriendly h. not fully formed or developed
9. Irresponsible i. going beyond what is fair or sensible
10. Inedible j. well known for being bad
11. Indecent k. that cant be eaten

EX. 6
A. Which prefix forms the opposite of these words?

Rewarding, patient, polite, correct,, tidy, resolute, legal, suited, sociable, legible, resolute,
employed, honest, relevant, sociable, edible, kind.

B. Agree with these statements, using some of the derivatives from part A, which have the
same meaning as the phrases in the sentences.
Example:
A: He doesn't have a job, does he? B: No, he doesnt. Hes unemployed.

1. It's against the law, isn't it? Oh yes, ____________.

2. His room is always in a mess, isn't it? Yes, ___________.
3. His handwriting is impossible to read. Yes I know, ____________.
4. She can never wait for five minutes, can she? No, ____________.
5. I thought it was rude, didn't you? Yes, it was very ____________.
6. She treats her son cruelly, dont you think so? Yes, shes very__________.
7. John doesnt like talking to other people, does he? No, hes rather__________.
8. Teaching doesnt give me any satisfaction. Well, sometimes it can be ___________.
9. The leader cant decide what to do. I agree. He is very__________.
10. In my opinion he doesnt have the right qualities for the job. No, hes totally __________
for the job.

*EX. 7. Fill in the negative adjectives formed from the given words.

1. Legal: There is no doubt that cannabis will remain an ____________ drug for the
foreseeable future.
2. Interesting: It was a very ____________ film. We were bored to death.
3. Responsible: To take the boat out with four children under the age of ten and with no life
jackets on board was quite ________________ of him.
4. Appropriate: The dress she was wearing was quite _________________ for the occasion.
5. Religious: They were a completely _________________ family and I never thought that
one day I would marry one of the daughters.
6. Honest: As a politician he was ___________ and it was not long before nobody trusted
him.
7. Perfect: The goods were ________ and had to be returned to the store we bought them
from.
8. Contented: She was ______ with her life and decided that things had to change.
18
9. Relevant: The choice of the subject matter was quite__________.
10. Edible: The prisoners complained of being given the food which is__________.

EX. 8. Fill in the gaps with the correct words derived from the words in bold.

1. We love living in the country because life is so _________here. Complicated

2. What you did was silly and __________. Logical
3. Mark cheated in the competition so he was ____________. Qualified
4. Sarah was completely _________ in what the teacher was Interested
saying. Realistic
5. The special effects in that film were very __________. Formal
6. You dont need to wear a suit, its a/n ___________ party. Resistible
7. This chocolate cake is __________. I must have another piece. Correct
8. Some of this information is __________. We should check it. Regular
9. My dad is a shift worker. He works very ___________ hours. Decent
10. She accused Mr Moore of making an ____________ suggestion. Convenient
11. Its ____________ for me to come at 6. Im busy.

19
 REVISION
EX. 1. Complete these tables with the help of a dictionary. Find examples with these
words.
Verb Noun Adjective
obey
respect
enjoyable
life
decide
influence
different
value
protect
succeed
study
suitable
imagine
dark
suspicion
horrify
argument
admire
successful
disappoint
attraction
describe
expressive
amusement
desire
creative
use
competition
death
envious

EX. 2. Add roots to form ADJECTIVES with this SUFFIX and make up sample
sentences. Here is a chart for you to fill in.

Suffix Success

-IBLE
-IBLE -IBLE
-IBLE
-IBLE -IBLE
-IBLE

20
EX. 3. Complete the sentences by filling in the correct form of the word in brackets.

Like all _________ (1. invent), Elias Howe had sudden flashes of ________
(2. inspire). His strange dream is just one example of ________ (3. psychology) processes
that are still beyond our ________ (4. understand). This is why there is so much _________
(5. disagree) about dreams. Dreams have no _________ (6. mean) at the time we have them.
Our _________ (7. interpret) of dreams happens after they are over. Some _________
(8. science) think that our dreams are partly the _________ (9. produce) of our unconscious
minds. Our memory of the dream may be ________ (10. complete) different from the dream
we ________ (11. actual) had.

EX. 4. Complete the table as shown in the example. Use a dictionary.

Action Person Thing

apply applicant application
assist
employee
criticize
discovery
advice
invent
interview
translator
interpretation
competition

EX. 5. Use the appropriate form of each word.

Chimps use ________ (1. differ) sounds. These sounds have various ________ (2. mean)
and chimps use these sounds as a means of ________ (3. communicate). This is one _______
(4. similar) between chimps, whales and dolphins. There has been a great deal of _________
(5. science) research into this recently. However, this research hasnt produced ________
(6. prove) that these animals really have a language. A ________ (7. collect) of sounds is not
the same thing as a language which has some kind of _________ (8. grammar) structure.
Most scientists are in ________ (9. agree) about this.

EX. 6. Word Forms Quiz. Complete each sentence below by choosing the correct word
form (noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc.).

1. Don't press the 'submit' button before _________ of all 10 sentences. Complete,
completion, completely.
2. Don't press the 'submit' button until you're _________ finished with these 10 sentences.
Complete, completion, completely.
3. I don't know where I'm going on my vacation. I haven't ________ my plans yet. Final,
finalized, finally.

21
4. This is my ________ vacation plan: I'm going to San Francisco for a week. Final,
finalized, finally.
5. You can buy excellent rye bread in that _________ . Baker, bakery, bake.
6. No, I'm not ________ . I'm just feeling very tired right now. Sick, sickness, sickly.
7. No, I don't like her perfume. It smells ________ sweet to me. Sick, sickness, sickly.
8. I think Dave's been working too hard. I'm sure he'll feel _______ after his vacation,
however. Rejuvenate, rejuvenating, rejuvenated.
9. I think Dave's been working too hard. I hope his vacation will be ________ for him.
Rejuvenate, rejuvenating, rejuvenated.
10. I think Dave's been working too hard. I hope his vacation will give him the ________ that
I think he needs. Rejuvenate, rejuvenation, rejuvenated.

*EX. 7. Form nouns from the following adjectives and explain their meanings.

arrogant arrogance
intelligent
polite
active
cruel
jealous
ignorant
necessary
selfish
curious
generous
stupid
diligent

What suffixes are used to form nouns from adjectives?

*EX. 8. Form nouns from the following verbs and pick out the noun forming suffixes.

Verbs Nouns
propose
assist
relax
differ
revise
agree
decide
describe

*EX. 9. Fill in the gaps with the correct words derived from the words in brackets.

1. Many people look forward to their ____________ (retire) after years of working hard.
2. Emily has a very good ___________ (imagine), so shes good at writing stories.
3. John has ___________a (prefer) for sweet foods but he doesnt eat them very often.
4. Tania has an amazing ___________ (collect) of stamps from all over the world.
5. The ____________ (include) of his article in the newspaper made Peter feel very proud.
6. A special _____________ (appear) by a famous actor will be made at the club today.

22
7. The horses ____________ (refuse) to jump the last fence meant that it lost the race.
8. The doctor gave me a ___________ (prescribe) for some tablets.
9. The committee expects to come to a ___________ (decide) soon.
10.The two sides were unable to reach ___________ (agree).
11. He plays the piano for a bit of ____________ (relax).
12. The director wont see you unless you have an ____________ (appoint).
13. It would be sheer ______________ (mad) to attempt to cross the desert on your own.
14. There was intense ____________(compete) between the journalists to get the story.

*EX. 10. Make nouns from the roots given in the box

champion- child- father - mother- owner- circle- amaze-

partner- employ- ill- friend- relation- scholar- sponsor-
detect- attend- workman- combine- title- interfere-

1. Her parents have encouraged her throughout her _______ and now she has won a
_______ to study abroad.
2. The football _______this year is taking place with the ________ of one of the big
companies.
3. When a couple has a child, their new roles of ________and _________are bound to
change the ________ between them.
4. This old firm famous for the superb ________ of their products has been sold and is
now under new ________.
5. The film was in French with English ________.
6. The seats had been arranged in a _________ facing the front of the room.
7. When she told us what had happened, we all just stared at her in __________.
8. Claire and Helen are in _________ together.
9. Its very difficult to find a full-time _________ in that field.
10. She is suffering from a serious _______ and its going to take her a long time to
recover.
11. When we first visited the city, we were very impressed by the ________ of the locals.
12. The burglars disguised themselves to avoid ________.
13. A ________ of good luck and skill helped him to win the game.
14. The manager told her secretary she wanted no ________ from anyone during the
meeting.
15. We expected a large ________ at the live concert.

*REVIEW. Make nouns from the following verbs, adjectives and nouns.
Amuse Deny Independent Ready
Anxious Efficient Illiterate Refuse
Argue Explode Jealous Science
Arrive Fail Judge Solve
Behave Flexible Injure strong
Conclude Happy Laugh Various
Decide Hesitate Law Weigh
Deep High Long Wide
Define Horrible Possible Wise

23
 3. VERB FORMATION

3.1. Verb suffixes

(Consult the Appendixes 1, 2 on pp. 36, 39)

*EX. 1. Form the verbs with the suffix -ize/ise.

1. c_____ make comments about something or someone.

2. e_____ make savings, try to spend less.
3. p_____ make sure that everyone knows about something.
4. s_____ feel sorry for someones misfortune.
5. s_____ study one particular thing very deeply.
6. a_____ give information about the product in order to sell it.
7. e_____ attach importance to, lay stress on.
8. f_____ help someone to get to know something better.
9. v_____ try to imagine what something will look like.
10. s______meet people socially, for example, at parties.

EX. 2. Form the verbs on the pattern Adjective + -en. Complete the table of opposites.

1. brighten or lighten darken

2. w______ or br________ make narrower
3. d_________ make shallower
4. f_______ or th________ make thinner
5. fasten u_______
6. harden s________
7. s_______ make happy
8. whiten bl_______
9. sh______ lengthen
10. t________ or str_____ weaken

EX. 3. Form the verbs with the suffix -en. The first letter is given to you.

1. These trousers are too long. Can you s__________ them for me, please?
2. It's a narrow road, but it was w_________ in some places so that cars can pass each
other.
3. My tie is too tight. Can you l__________ it, please?
4. I can't cut anything with this knife. I must s__________ its blade.
5. The screws on this cupboard door are loose. You should t____________ them.
6. These days many people use saccharin to s_______ their tea.
7. The sky d________ and filled with clouds.
8. The cattle are being f________ for slaughter.
9. This toothpaste is said to w_________ teeth.
10. The cruelty in the world s ________ me incredibly.

24
*EX. 4. Make verbs from these stems by adding -ize/-ise, -ify, -ate.

accomod- magn- advert- just-

cert- minim- communic- memor-
complic- modern- concentr- mod-
congratul- organ critic- qual-
demoral- regul- econom- simpl-
educ- special- emphas- terror-
stim- sympathy- grat- termin-
bureaucrat- myst- period- computer-
beauti- mythology- exempli- hight-
clar- moist- standar- subsid-

*EX. 5. Fill in the gaps with the correct words derived from the words in brackets.

1. I know someone is deliberately _________ (black) my character.

2. This salt has been ________ (pure) for use in medicine.
3. They want to ________ (modern) the factory.
4. She _________ (bright) up when we reached the hotel.
5. I _________ (loose) the tie but didnt take it off.
6. Reggae music was _________ (popular) by Bob Marley in the 1970 s.
7. The corn _________ (ripe) in the sun.
8. The ice-cream _________ (soft) and began to melt.
9. Can you _________ (different) this kind of rose from the others?
10. Shes _________ (fresh) up the house with a new coat of paint.
11. Travel _________ (broad) the mind.
12. Try to _________ (simple) your explanation for the children.
13. Treading on any part of this floor __________ (active) the alarm system.
14. The verbs were __________ (divide) into transitive and intransitive.
15. This Portuguese restaurant __________ (special) in seafood.

3.2. VERBAL PREFIXES

*EX. 1. Form verbs from the following words and use them in the sentences.
Able, gulf, large, rich, sure, close, danger, force, title, rage, act, circle.

1. If photographs are very small you can always have them _______ .
2. Disabled drivers put a special orange-coloured disc in their cars, which ________
them to park in restricted areas.
3. Firemen must work as a team: one mans carelessness could __________ the lives of
everyone else.
4. To _________ that your Christmas mail arrives by the 25th, you should post it by the
17th at the latest.
5. Judging by the litter in the streets, the police are finding it difficult to _________the
new anti-litter laws.
6. The invention of Braille has _________blind people to read.
7. With this letter I ________a cheque for $ 25,00 in payment.
8. Uranium must be _________ before it can be used to generate nuclear power.
9. She often _________the stories told to her by her father.
25
 10. Her behaviour _________ him.
11. Rebel forces had __________the airport.
12. A seven-year-old boy was ________by a landslide.

EX. 2. Fill in the gaps with the verb prefixes in- , en-, dis-, re-.

1. Children should be _________ (courage) to do some cooking at an early age.

2. You will __________ (danger) your health if you work so hard.
3. This medicine will _________ (sure) you a good nights sleep.
4. If you fail your driving test the first time dont let it _________ (courage) you.
5. This otherwise dull book is _________ (life) by some very amusing illustrations.
6. Most fish _________ (produce) themselves by laying eggs.
7. My house is _________ (sure) against fire.
8. The bad weather __________ (courage) the people from attending the parade.
9. We didnt trust him at first but his charming manner completely _________ (arm) us.
10. When it reaches the end the tape will __________ (wind) automatically.
11. I see no reason to _________ (believe) what he says.
12. This section of the contract must be __________ (word) to make its meaning clearer.
13. The old lady was most _________ (please) by the childrens noisy behaviour.
14. He ___________ (trust) banks, so he keeps his money at home.
15. My keys have__________ (appear) off the table.

EX. 3. Add roots to form VERBS with this prefix and make up sample sentences. Here is
a chart for you to fill in.

Prefix Power

MIS-
MIS- MIS-
MIS-
MIS- MIS-
MIS-

EX. 4. Complete the verbs in these sentences.

1. I'm sorry, I mis- __________ her message completely.

2. She was here a minute ago, but then she dis- __________. I'm afraid I don't know
where she is now.
3. We normally have similar opinions but I dis- _________ with him totally on the
subject of drugs.
4. My homework was so bad that I'll have to re- __________ it.
5. Apparently her alarm clock didn't ring and she over- ____________.
6. She finally managed to un- ____________ the door and we were able to go inside.
7. I dis- __________ his joke, but the others enjoyed it.
8. I don't think I'll pass the exam, but I can always re- __________ it in September.
9. The post office is shut for lunch but it should re- ___________ at 2.00 p.m.
26
 10. She's over- ____________ at the moment. She really needs a holiday and a complete
break from her job.
11. My sister wrapped up the present so well that it took me about five minutes to un-
________ it.

EX. 5. Match the following words with their definitions. Translate into Russian. Make
up examples.

1. To defrost. a. to undo the connection

2. To disconnect. b. to make able
3. To deforest. c. to clear an area of forest or tree
4. To enfeeble. d. to put into hospital
5. To enable. e. to give warning, or threat
6. To hospitalize. f. to enrich
7. To entrust. g. to remove ice from
8. To enfold. h. to do again
9. To rebroadcast. i. to make weak
10. To cause to become rich. j. to make responsible for looking after
11. To threaten. k. to wrap around, cover

Revision of verb prefixes

Revision tasks. 1. How are verbs formed in Modern English?

2. Form verbs related to the following by one of the methods.

Advice Choice Hard Sad

Bright Circle Large Glad
Cloth Deep Weak Sure
Able Dark Practice Tight
Belief Red Loss Strength
Do Behave Fold Arm
Build Like Eat Hear

EX. 1. Fill in the gaps with the correct negative form of the words in brackets.

1. The children __________ the tape recorder, causing it to break (used).

2. Her son is very__________; he is always telling lies (honest).
3. Please don't) come over until 4 o'clock. It will be __________ for me before then
(convenient).
4. The answer was__________, which is why she lost two points (correct).
5. The athletes were told that if they broke the rules of the race, they would be _________
(qualified).
6. Tom's ___________ remark upset Jane (sensitive).
27
7. The operator told me that the number I was calling had been __________ (connected).
8. It is __________ to use animals for testing cosmetics (humane).
9. The information I was given was __________, which is why I wrote to the wrong
company (leading).
10. They can communicate even when they strongly__________(agree).
11. Facilities for people with _____________ are still insufficient (abilities).
12. She has been ____ by men in the past (treat).

EX. 2. Find the verbs corresponding to these nouns.

Abuse, advice, house, use, belief, relief, half, bath, breath, blood, choice, food, loss, import.

EX. 3. Give the opposites of the verbs in the table.

Like Dress
Spell Connect
Agree Obey
Believe Approve
Please Activate
Understand Encourage
Cover Tie
Do Lock
Close Mask

*EX. 4. Form words with prefixes inter- and re- from the given items and insert them
into the sentences.
hange, start, appear, national, charge, place, act, commence, mingle, arrange, define,
connect, produce.

1. British Airways is offering a discount on _____________ flights this month!

2. My battery is low. I have to _____________ my phone.
3. The teacher _______________ the desks to make space for the meeting.
4. I thought I'd lost my files, but they ___________ when I __________my computer.
5. The country received emergency aid from the __________community.
6. This allows the two cultures to __________without losing their separate identities.
7. He ____________ work on his novel.
8. Feminists have_________ the role of women.
9. Their lives __________with those of celebrated figures of the 18th century.
10. The shower has broken and we cant afford to ___________ it.
11. I shall not try to __________the policemans English.
12. While the other children ___________and played together, Ted ignored them.

28
 4. ADVERB FORMATION

4.1. Adverb suffixes

EX. 1. Fill in the gaps with the correct words derived from the words in brackets.

1. I knew she was asleep as she was breathing_________ (heavy).

2. It is _________ (wide) known that smoking can cause cancer.
3. Mr. Clarks brother was __________ (tragic) killed in a boating accident last year.
4. The figures cant _________ (possible) be wrong! I checked them myself.
5. The witness answered the lawyers question __________ (immediate).
6. Jack was __________ (true) sorry for forgetting his wifes birthday.
7. Hold this glass __________ (care). I dont want it broken.
8. She speaks German _________ (perfect).
9. I can ___________ (easy) finish it today.
10. Shes ___________ (temporary) living in Venice.
11. Its important to show the children how to do things _________ (correct), but they
shouldnt be criticized too much.
12. Hes acted __________ (believe) stupidly in the past year.
13. I felt her arm __________ (gentle) to see if any bones were broken.
14. The room is _________ (clever) organized; so three people can work there.
15. He looked ___________ (suspicious) at the manager.
16. The job was ___________ (surprise) easy.

EX. 2. Are the following words adverbs or adjectives or both? Illustrate the use with
examples. Consult the dictionary.

Daily, lovely, friendly, lonely, ugly, monthly, silly, deadly, cowardly, early, likely.

EX. 3. Are the following words adjectives, adverbs or both? Look at the sentences and
decide.

Daily/weekly/monthly/yearly, cowardly, deadly, early, fast, friendly, hard, late, likely, lively,
lonely, loud, lovely, silly, ugly, well/

1. It's getting late.

2. The Times is a daily paper.
3. She's a lovely, friendly, lively person. But she seems lonely.
4. It doesn't seem likely that your children will be ugly.
5. The postman's early.
6. She speaks English very well.
7. We have monthly meetings.
8. Don't talk so loud.
9. If you've got a fast car, why don't you drive fast?
10. If you want me to work hard, you'll have to pay me more.
11. Milk is delivered daily.
12. The train arrived late.
13. I can't stand loud noises.
14. Don't be so silly.

29
 15. She's becoming hard to live with.
16. I'm very well, thanks.
17. That was a cowardly thing to do.
18. Curare is a deadly poison.
19. I get paid monthly.
20. Try to come home early.

EX. 4. Underline the correct item.

1. This is a pretty/prettily complicated situation.

2. They had hard/hardly been home for a minute when the phone rang.
3. My friends are most/mostly vegetarians.
4. Her loose outfit allowed her to move free/freely.
5. The shelf was so high/highly that he couldn't reach it.
6. John may be late/lately home tonight, as he has a lot of work to do.
7. The room was pretty/prettily decorated.
8. Children under five years old travel free/freely.
9. Sue has near/nearly finished her homework.
10. They have been going out a lot late/lately.
11. This college is high/highly recommended for its range of courses.
12. The miners dug deep/deeply to find coal.
13. The new supermarket is very near/nearly our house.
14. He is deep/deeply involved in the scandal.
15. We found it hard/hardly to get used to living in a foreign country.
16. Which of Mel Gibson's films do you like most/mostly?

EX. 5. Underline the correct item.

It was Lucy's birthday and she was very 1) sad/sadly. She had been waiting
2) hopeful/hopefully all morning for the postman to arrive. 3) Sudden/Suddenly, the
letterbox rattled 4) gentle/gently and an envelope fell 5) soft/softly onto the doormat. Picking
it up, Lucy noticed 6) miserable/miserably that it was a bill. There were no cards, no
presents and no 7) pretty/prettily bouquets of flowers. Lucy 8) near/nearly burst into tears.
Just then, there was a 9) loud/loudly knock on the door. Opening the door 10) slow/slowly,
Lucy saw all her friends holding 11) brightly/bright wrapped gifts and shouting 'Happy
Birthday'. Lucy 12) immediate/immediately cheered up and greeted her friends
13) warm/warmly.

*EX. 6. Underline the correct item.

1. I have been working very hard late/lately.

2. The mountain was so high/highly that they couldn't climb it.
3. Hurry up! It is near/nearly time to go.
4. Her books are most/mostly romance novels.
5. He found it hard/hardly to explain his problem.
6. That man is a high/highly respected doctor.
7. Our new house is near/nearly the city centre.
8. I had hardly/hard finished cooking when the guests arrived.
9. The girls were pretty/prettily dressed for the party.
10. I got this lipstick free/freely with a magazine.

30
11. He is always late/lately for work.
12. The exam was pretty/prettily difficult, but we all passed.
13. She was deep/deeply absorbed in her work and didn't hear me call.
14. Her hair blew free/freely around her head in the breeze.

EX. 7. Underline the correct item.

E. g. That cake looks wonderful/wonderfully.

1. This salad tastes terrible/terribly. What have you put in it?
2. He draws very good/well but he can't paint at all.
3. Have you got a cold? Your voice sounds unusual/unusually.
4. She ran up the stairs as quick/quickly as she could.
5. When he woke up he still felt sleepy/sleepily.
6. She spoke very rude/rudely to me.
7. This game seems easy/easily, but it isn't really.
8. That music sounds very strange/strangely from here.
9. If you work hard/hardly, you will certainly succeed.

EX. 8. Complete the sentences with words from the box. More than one answer may be
correct.

Beautiful/beautifully, calm/calmly, cheap/cheaply, clear/clearly, slow/slowly, soft/softly,

terrible/terribly, unhappy/unhappily.

1. I suppose I should be nervous, but I've never felt so ________ in my life.

2. 'I suppose we'll never see each other again,' she said _________ .
3. I haven't got much money: if I travel this year, I'll have to do it __________ .
4. The house is small and rather simple, but Anne has decorated it _________ .
5. This soup tastes __________ .
6. He spoke very _________, but she heard every word like a shout.
7. Good computers are getting quite _________ now.
8. The train was very ________ ; perhaps they were working on the line.
9. She sat there _________ lying about everything she had done.
10. This is a ________ house. I enjoy looking at it every time I walk past.
11. Her hair is so lovely and _________ like a baby's hair.
12. This handwriting isn't very _________; can you read it any better than me?
13. The team played _________ last Saturday.
14. Time seemed to go so _________. When would he arrive?
15. He looks really ________: I wonder what's wrong.
16. Mary doesn't speak very _________: I often have trouble understanding her.

EX. 9. Choose the right word.

1. Angela is (amazing/amazingly) good with animals.

2. As soon as I saw him I was (sure/surely) he had been drinking.
3. Do you think that's a (real/really) diamond in her ring?
4. He was wearing a (true/truly) astonishing tie.
5. I felt her arm (gentle/gently) to see if any bones were broken.
6. I read an (amazing/amazingly) thing in the newspaper this morning.
7. John was (wonderful/wonderfully) kind to me when I came to this country.

31
 8. Keith seemed (gentle/gently), but there was something cruel underneath.
9. One leg of the chair was (slight/slightly) damaged.
10. Sarah drives a (real/really) beautifully restored 1914 sports car.
11. She looked at me (kind/kindly), but didn't say anything.
12. The door was (bad/badly) painted.
13. The food was (wonderful/wonderfully), but the service was (awful/awfully).
14. The room is (clever/cleverly) organised so three of us can work there.

*EX. 10. Note the use of the following adverbs, supply examples and add some more
adverbs to the list.
-wise

manner of in the direction of in connection with

1. I edged my way crabwise 1. Turn the handle clockwise 1.It was a great experience
along the row to my seat culture wise.
2. We are mostly socialists
vote wise

fanwise travel wise pennywise

frogwise tax wise _________
star wise sales wise _________
streetwise money wise _________
piecewise profit wise

32
 TEST FILE
Read the following texts and fill in the correct word derived from the words in bold.

*1. A new type of train may soon be in _____ (1. operate) in Germany. So far tests have been
______(2. success) and it is hoped that in 10 years' time ____(3. commute) will be able to
travel from Hamburg to Berlin in less than an hour. The Transrapid train is _____
(4. actual)the world's lowest-flying air craft. It has been designed to travel at up to 420 km
per hour, and it has neither wheels nor a motor. Instead of rails, a series of______ (5. magnet)
units powers the train, allowing it to "fly" one centimetre above the tracks. Since it is
suspended in the air, it can turn sharp corners at very high speeds without creating any
______(6. notice) disturbance inside the train. _______ (7. environment) have serious
_____(8. object) to the train, however, as it is ________ (9. significant) noisier than normal
trains. Nevertheless, it seems that the new train will soon be a popular _____ (10. alternate)
to travelling by aero plane between cities in Germany.

2. As people become more and more (0) concerned (concern) about following a
_____(1. health) diet, and also about the ______ (2. protect) of animals,
______(3. vegetarian) continues to increase in _______ (4. popular). Although meat is
extremely ______ (5. nutrition) it can also be very _______ (6. fat) so eating a lot of it can
lead to _______ (7. weigh) problems and related _____ (8. ill) such as heart disease. On the
other hand, vegetables, grains and dairy _______(9. produce) provide all the nutrients
________ (10. need) to build up and maintain a strong, fit body.

*3. Astronauts have to be physically and mentally ready for the stress and strain of a space
mission. To prepare them, astronauts are given _______ (1. intense) training, which includes
years of classroom study on _________ (2. vary) technical subjects, and working in a model
spaceship where they can practise ________ (3. complicate) flight operations and become
used to all the _______ (4. equip) on board. Apart from high _______ (5. intelligent), good
qualifications and an excellent level of fitness, astronauts must have a strong character. They
also have to be very _______(6. courage) in order to accept high risks involved.
Astronauts also have to face other, more ordinary problems in space. What can be very
_______ (7. annoy) is the little variety of food, but the greatest challenge is getting along
with other members of their team as they often come from different countries, with different
backgrounds and habits. Then they must be very ________ (8. patience) with each other
since the lack of privacy can become __________ (9. irritate). All in all, it seems that being
an astronaut is one of the most ________ (10. challenge) jobs in the world.

4. The Internet has changed _______(1. communicate) as we know it. From education to
_____(2. advertise) this new _____(3. technology) advance has affected
________(4. practical) every aspect of our lives. Magazines, newspapers and even books are
"on-line" and can be read on the computer. You can find ________(5. inform) on any topic;
the ______(6. possible) are _____(7. end). The Internet can ________(8. instant) connect
you to other computers, allowing you to "chat" with people all over the world. It's actually
very easy to learn how to use the system, and once you're on-line, you'll never want to turn
the computer off! The ________(9. develop) of such technology has come a long way. These
_______(10. amaze) electronic devices have changed many people's lives forever.

33
*5. The 1996 Paralympics, held in Atlanta, USA, were a __________(1. demonstrate) of the
best aspects of sporting ________ (2. compete). The games showed the world that, with
enough spiritual _______(3. strong) and _______ (4. determine), even the most severely
__________(5. disable) people can do _______(6. amaze) things in the field of sport. From
very humble ________ (7. begin) the Paralympics have steadily gained
________(8. popular) and are now among the major sporting events in the world. These
games are an _________(9. inspire) to people _______(10. world), and are proof that people
can reach their goals if they have faith in themselves and refuse to be defeated.

*6. There are many problems which _______ (1. threat) our natural environment. Acid rain,
_______ (2. globe) warming and air and water _________ (3. pollute) are among the most
serious ones.There are several ways to help improve the situation. Firstly, we should
encourage _________ (4. recycle) because it is the ________(5. produce) of new materials,
which causes the most damage. We must learn to reuse things like plastic bags and glass jars.
Secondly, driving an environmentally-friendly car is also ________ (6. help). Furthermore,
joining an ________(7. organise) which plants trees or cleans up beaches would be
__________(8. prove) that you are really _______ (9. concern) about the environment.
Lastly, supporting groups such as Green peace, which try to prevent many ________
(10. environment) disasters, would help to ensure that our planet will be clean and safe for
future generations.

7. New Year's Eve is celebrated on December 31st in ________ (1. west) countries. It is a time
for people to welcome the coming of the New Year. In London, for example _____
(2. prepare) for New Year's Eve begin weeks in advance. Everything is decorated in the
______ (3. tradition) way tinsel, streamers and balloons are hung and "Happy New Year"
signs are placed in windows. Party hats and looters are bought in ______ (4. anticipate) of
the celebration. On New Year's Eve, some people attend parties while others choose to go to a
pub or disco. Food and drinks are served and ______ (5. live) music is played while
partygoers chat or dance the night away. At midnight the sound of popping corks can be heard
as champagne bottles are opened and the _______ (6. bubble) drink is served. Many people
spend the evening in Trafalgar Square. Crowds gather and wait for 12 o'clock when the
chimes of the ________ (7. fame) Big Ben ring out. Everyone begins to sing _______
(8. happy) and wish each other a happy and _______ (9. health) new year. No matter where
New Year's Eve is spent, the feeling is the same. People ______ (10. cheerful) celebrate this
joyful occasion.

8. Bruce is definitely a (0) sociable (social) man. He has a lot of friends because he is always
__________ (1. cheer), ___________ (2. rely) and ready to help anyone in need. When it
comes to ____________ (3. danger) situations, Bruce always acts quite _______ (4. brave).
For example, a few weeks ago he saved a little boy's _________ (5. live) by pulling him out
of the path of a speeding truck. When it comes to giving advice, he is always very
___________ (6. help) and ___________ (7. support). However, he can be rather
___________ (8. aggression) at times, especially when he is driving. Sometimes he drives so
__________ (9. careless) that his friends are too ____________ (fright) to get in the car with
him.

34
*9. One of the world's endangered species, the rhinoceros, is still being hunted for its horn.
The World Wildlife Federation supports _________ (1. organise) which try to stop the
________ (2. hunt) by providing vehicles and ________ (3. equip) for several national parks
in Africa. Protected areas have a high fence around them, so rhinos can roam in ______
(4. safe). The WWF also helps in the _______ (5. transport) of rhinos from _____
(6. danger) areas into the protected ones. It is very important to lessen the demand for rhino
horns. Raising ______(7.aware) of the problem is one way to help the situation. Rhino
_______(8. conserve) is one of the WWF's main tasks. _______ (9. hope) the WWF will be
able to put a stop to the _______ (10. acceptable) act of rhino hunting.

*10. The evening before, Joyce had argued ...terribly... (0. terrible) with her children as she
had arrived home to find the house extremely ______ (1. tidy). Now, with a clearer head, she
was feeling _____ (2. guilt) about it and was trying to think of ways to make it up to them.
She decided to cook a lovely meal as a special treat. When she arrived home, she found it
______ (3. mess) as usual, but didn't say anything and went upstairs to change. When she
came back down half an hour later, she stopped in _______ (4. belief). The living room was
______ (5. surprise) tidy and the kitchen _______ (6. spotless) clean. 'What do you think?"
she heard from behind her, and turned to see her husband and children looking at her with
_______ (7. beam) smiles on their faces. "We thought you'd be ______ (8. please) to see
that!" they said. "Why don't we all go out to dinner?" her husband suggested _______
(9. enthusiastic). She looked at them ______ (10. loving) and they all set out!

*11. Maria Montessori.

Maria Montessori is not (0) primarily, (primary) remembered for being Italy's first
woman to graduate in medicine, although this was the first of her many significant _______
(1. accomplish). Montessori went on to become one of the leading ________ (2. educate) of
the twentieth century. She worked with ________ (3. mental) disabled children at the
beginning of the century, and in 1907 opened her first school for children of "normal"
_________ (4. intelligent). What made her approach unique was her ___________
(5. believe) that children learn more if their _________ (6. create) talents are encouraged to
develop. Individual, rather than cooperative, learning was stressed. Montessori used
________ (7. interest) objects to capture the _________ (8. attend) of her pupils. They were
allowed to work on their own, exploring and discovering new ideas at their own pace.
________ (9. surprise), Montessoris schoolchildren did not become _______ (10. bore)
very easily, and undisciplined children became much better behaved. Today, there are schools
all over the world, which bear Maria Montessoris name and use her methods.

12. St Patricks Day.

March 17th is the day of the (0) celebration (celebrate) of St Patrick. St Patrick is
the patron saint of Ireland, and the occasion is celebrated ________ (1. enthusiastic) by Irish
people all over the world. In American cities with a large Irish ________ (2. populate), the
day begins with a parade through the city centre. The most ________ (3. spectacle) sight is
the colour green, as it is the __________ (4. nation) colour of Ireland. Bands play
__________ (5. tradition) Irish songs, and people stream into restaurants afterwards where
they eat corned beef sandwiches and drink Irish stouts and ales. The main ___________
(6. decorate) of St Patrick's Day is the shamrock, which is also the national symbol of
Ireland. It was made _________ (7. fame) by St Patrick when he used its three leaves as a

35
_________ (8. represent) of the Holy Trinity. St Patrick is known for bringing Christianity to
Ireland, and March 17th gives the Irish an _________ (9. opportune) to display their
________ (10. proud) in their country.

13. Britain's railway network has (0) ...recently... (recent) been experiencing a new kind of
problem. It is neither technical nor _________(1. mechanic) but could, nevertheless, lead to
_______ (2. injure) unless it receives immediate _______ (3. attend). It appears that rabbits
have been digging their holes underneath railway tracks, which _______ (4. fortunate) means
that the tracks are at risk of collapsing. The ______ (5. soft) of the earth under the tracks
makes it a ______ (6. suit) place for rabbits to dig their holes. However, the rail bed becomes
________ (7. stable) when it is undermined by holes, _________ (8. special) in heavy rain.
Numerous areas have already experienced problems, causing delays to rail services. The
number of rabbits in Britain has increased over the past forty years because of their _______
(9. resist) to myxomatosis, the disease responsible for thousands of deaths in the 1950s.
Rabbits are now considered to be _________ (10. destroy) nuisances, instead of the cuddly,
friendly animals everyone would like to think they are.

36
 EXAM PRACTICE

Use the words in capitals to form words that fit in. There is an example (0) at the
beginning of some tests.

1. Cant get enough TV.

Is TV 1)_______ becoming Britain's new problem? New figures from the ADDICT
2)________ Office of statistics suggest that this might be the case. Their NATION
3)________ have found that watching TV is the nations 4)_________ RESEARCH
pastime. Britons on average watch an 5)_______ amount of TV each FAVOUR
week. The 6)________ couch potatoes 7)________ watch more than six BELIEVE
hours of TV every day. The 8)_______ of these people enjoy soap operas, BAD
9)__________ series and game shows and can't wait for 10)__________ REGULAR
with all the new channels it will offer. MAJOR
ENTERTAIN
DIGIT

2. Invitation.

Two months ago I received an 1)_______ to a wedding in Paris. I wrote a INVITE

letter of 2)________ and sent it to the couple. Last weekend, the big event ACCEPT
took place. My friend Camille, who is a 3)_________ writer, married FAME
Tom, a 4)________ from New York. Camille looked so beautiful! She was MUSIC
very 5)_________ as she walked down the aisle wearing an 6)________ ELEGANCE
silk gown and Tom looked really handsome. The ceremony was EXPENSE
extremely 7)_________ and the 8)___________ afterwards was amazing. ROMANCE
After the bride and groom had cut the cake, everyone raised their glasses RECEIVE
and wished the couple 9) ___________ in their life together. Eventually,
the couple left for their honeymoon and the guests danced the night away. HAPPY
It was a truly 10)_________ occasion.
JOY

3. Burglarproof your house.

Can you imagine anything worse than returning home to find that burglars
have broken into your house? (0) Unfortunately, this happens to about FORTUNE
1million people in Britain 1)________. However, if you want better ANNUAL
2)_________against burglars there are several things you can do. To PROTECT
improve 3)_________, check all the locks on your doors and windows. The SECURE
4)_______of lighting all around the house will make sure a burglar is INSTALL
5)_________to hide in the shadows. An alarm system is another good ABLE
6)_________measure you can take. Starting a 7)_________watch group is PREVENT

37
also a very 8)_________way to prevent crime in your area. Since most NEIGHBOUR
9)_________ take place when people are away on holiday, this is when EFFECT
your neighbours' help is most 10)_________. Ask them to collect your BURGLAR
mail, open and close your curtains every day, switch your lights on and off VALUE
and even mow your lawn to make your house look occupied.

4. Work for the money.

Although the 0) majority of people say, that they work, for the MAJOR
money, the 1)__________ reward isn't actually the only thing that they FINANCE
think about. 2)____________, research has shown that people consider RECENT
many different factors to be of 3)___________ when they make their IMPORT
4)_________. A worldwide survey of students showed that after CHOOSE
5)_________ they would be looking for jobs that allowed them to balance GRADUATE
their 6) _________ lives with their work lives. PERSON
It's not just the younger generation who think like either. There has
even been an increase in the number of middle-aged 7) ____________ WORK
who are moving away from highly-paid executive positions into less
8)_________ jobs. They are looking for something which is more STRESS
9) ____________ and gives them more leisure time. All this has meant that ENJOY
10)________ are realizing what they need to do more than just offer good EMPLOY
wages if they are going to keep their workers happy and motivated!

5. The island of Madagascar.

The island of Madagascar was in a state of total (0) devastation DEVASTATE

yesterday after Hurricane Geralda wrecked millions of dollars worth of
land and property over a two-day period. The island was lashed by
1)_________ rain and winds of up to 350 kilometres per hour (220 miles TORRENT
per hour). Seventy people were killed and 500,000 were left 2) _________. HOME
In the city of Toamasina alone 80,000 people lost their homes. The main
3)_________ port of the island was almost destroyed and 70 per cent of COMMERCE
the island's farmland was completely 4) ________. There were FLOOD
5)_________ scenes as people returned to the HEARTBREAK
6) ________ ruins that were once their homes. Hurricanes gather speed FLATTEN
and strength over water, and Geralda travelled over a large area of water
before it hit the island of Madagascar. This is part of the reason why the
storm struck so 7) ________. Experts say that earlier SEVERE
8) ________ would not have prevented the damage, but steps are now WARN
being taken to reinforce many of the 9) ________ areas in order to be DAMAGE
better prepared should such a 10) ________ storm hit again. POWER

38
Appendix 1.
Suffixes to Know

Noun Suffixes

-dom at the end of a word means:

state or condition;
domain, position, rank;
a group with position, office, or rank
wisdom (n) wise + dom means the state of understanding what is good, right and
lasting
kingdom (n) king + dom means the domain or area belonging to a king

-ity at the end of a word means condition or quality of

capability (n) capable + ity means the condition of being capable
flexibility (n) flexible + ity means the quality of being flexible

-ment at the end of a word means act of __________; state of __________;

result of __________.
contentment (n) content + ment means the state of being satisfied (content)

-sion, -tion at the end of a word means act of __________; state of celebrate + tion
celebration (n) means the act of celebrating

-ness at the end of a word means state of __________

toughness (n) tough + ness means the state of being tough.

-ance, -ence at the end of a word means act of __________; state of __________;
quality of __________.
assistance (n) assist + ance means act of giving help

-er, -or at the end of a word means one who __________; that which
__________.
fighter (n) fight + er means one who fights
actor (n) act + or means one who acts.

-ist at the end of a word also means one who __________; that which
__________.
violinist (n) violin + ist means one who plays the violin.

Adjective Suffixes

-ive at the end of a word means doing or tending toward doing some action
extend + ive means doing something large in range or amount
extensive (adj) select + ive means tending to select
selective (adj)

39
-en at the end of a word means made of __________.
wooden (adj) wood + en means made of wood.
Note: When the word is an adjective, the -en means made of
__________. We have seen -en at the end of a verb. There it means to
make __________.

-ic /-ical at the end of a word means characteristic of__________; like

heroic (adj) hero + ic means characteristic of a hero
poetic (adj) poet + ic means characteristic of (or like) poets or poetry
historical historical (of history)

-al sometimes makes an adjective; when it makes an adjective it means

relating to __________.
financial (adj) finance + al, means relating to finance. (Finance means money)
manual (adj) manu + al relating to the hand. (Manus means hand in Latin)

-able at the end of a word means able __________; can __________; or giving
__________
portable (adj) port + able means can be carried; able to be carried
pleasurable (adj) pleasure + able means giving pleasure

-y at the end of a word means having __________

hairy (adj) hair + y means having hair (a lot of hair)
rainy (adj) rain + y means having rain

-ous at the end of a word means full of __________; having __________

mystery + ous means full of mystery
mysterious (adj)

-ful at the end of a word means full of __________; having __________

hope + ful means full of hope
hopeful (adj) beauty + ful means full of beauty
beautiful (adj) Note: The suffix -ful is always spelled with one l; the word full has two

-less at the end of a word means without __________

powerless (adj) power + less means without power
homeless(adj) home + less means without a home

un- / in- + -able / -ible

Words ending in -able quite often express the opposite meaning by adding the prefix
un-: undrinkable, unreliable, unbreakable (= cannot be broken), unsuitable, uncomfortable.
Words ending in -ible add the prefix in-: incomprehensible, inflexible (somebody who
is inflexible has a fixed idea about something and cannot change quickly or easily; an
inflexible timetable cannot be changed easily): inedible (= cannot be eaten).

40
 VERB SUFFIXES

-en at the end of a word means to make __________

brighten (v) bright + en means to make bright
soften (v) soft + en means to make soft

-ize at the end of a word means to make __________

publicize (v) public + ize means to make public or to make the public aware of

-ate at then end of a word means to have or be characterized by

__________
activate (v) active + ate means to make active
differentiate (v) different + ate means to make or show a difference

-ify or -fy at the end of a word means to cause to become or to make

simplify (v) simple + ify means to make simple or simpler

41
Appendix 2.
Prefixes to Know
What is a prefix? A prefix is a group of letters which you can add to the beginning of a
root word* to change the meaning of the word.
(e. g. mis + fortune = misfortune).

A root word stands on its own as a word but you can make new words from it by adding
beginnings (prefixes) and endings (suffixes).

These are the most frequent noun prefixes.

prefix Main meaning Examples

Anti- Opposite to Anticlimax
Auto- Self Autobiography
Bi- Two Bilinguism
Co- Joint Co-chairman
Counter- Against Counteract
Dis- The opposite of Discomfort, disbelief
Ex- Former Ex-husband, ex-student
Hyper- Extreme Hyperinflation
In- The opposite of Inattention
Inter- Between Interaction
Mal- Bad Malnutrition
Mini- Small Minibus
Mis- Bad, wrong Mismatch, misconduct
Out- Separate, outside Outbuilding
Poly- Many Polysyllable
Re- Again, back Re-election
Semi- Half Semi-darkness
Super- Above, more than Superhero, supermarket
Tele- Distant Teleshopping
Ultra- Beyond Ultrafilter
Under- Below, too little Underachievement
Vice- Deputy /second in command/ Vice-chairman

Adjective prefixes (negative)

Il-, im-, in-, and ir- are added to the beginning of words to form words with the
opposite meaning, il- is added to words beginning with l, ir- is added to words beginning with
r, and im- is added to the words beginning with m, b or p.
Many negative adjectives in English are formed by doubling the first letter of the word
and placing an i before it, especially words beginning with l, r or m (not responsible =
irresponsible, not legible = illegible).
Root words beginning with p usually form negatives with the prefix im- (not polite =
impolite, not precise = imprecise).
42
 Prefix + Root word = Word
un- + Kind = Unkind
+ Hurt = Unhurt
im- + Mature = Impolite
+ Polite = Immature
il- + Literate = Illiterate
+ legal = illegal
ir- + Responsible = Irresponsible
+ Irregular = Irregular
in- + Visible = Invisible
+ Formal = Informal
dis- + Honest = Dishonest
+ Obedient = Disobedient

Other adjectival prefixes

trans- means across or through

e. g. transatlantic means across the Atlantic ocean
super- means in excess, beyond
e. g. supersonic means faster or beyond the speed of sound
over- means upper, outer, over, superior or excessive, more than
normal/usual. (Bill often stays in the office till late in the evening.
He works overtime)
e. g. overweight means too heavy or fat
pre- means before in time, in front of' or 'superior
e. g. prepacked means packed before

VERB PREFIXES

Prefix Meaning
dis- means away, apart, between, utterly (when used with a negative word)
and not
e. g. disarm means to remove or take weapons away
dis- * one of the meanings of this prefix is also not
e. g. disagree means not agree
post- means after
e. g. postpone means to put something off until later, or after it was
originally planned

43
 Other verb prefixes with specific meanings

re- (= again)
My homework was terrible, so I had to redo it.
The shop closed down but will reopen next month.
I failed my exam but I can retake (or redo/resit) it next year.

over- (too much)

I think my boss is overdoing it at the moment (= working too hard; also overwork).
I went to bed very late and I overslept (= slept too long) this morning.

mis- (= badly or incorrectly)

Im afraid I misunderstood what he said.
The shop assistant overcharged me (= asked me for too much money).
Two of the students misread the first question.

Sometimes you can add more than one prefix to a word at the same time.

Prefix + Prefix + Root word = Word

re + dis + cover = rediscover

44
 References
1. Allsop J. Approaching First Certificate / J. Allsop. Cassel Ltd, 1984.
2. Allsop J. English for Cambridge First Certificate / J. Allsop. Cassel Ltd, 1984.
3. Canney J.F. Working on Words / J.F. Canney, J.Ph. Goldberg, D. O'Connor.
(http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/reading/suffixes.html).
4. Collins Cobuild. Advanced Learners English Dictionary. New 4th edition.
Glasgow: Harper Collins Publisher, 2004.
5. English Vocabulary in Use. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2001.
6. Evans V. Enterprise Grammar : students Book / V. Evans, J. Dooley. Newbury :
Express Publishing, 2001.
7. Evans V. Enterprise Intermediate : students Book / V. Evans, J. Dooley. Newbury :
Express Publishing, 2001.
8. Evans V. Enterprise Intermediate : workbook / V. Evans, J. Dooley. Newbury :
Express Publishing, 2001.
9. Evans V. Upstream Pre-intermediate : students Book / V. Evans, J. Dooley.
Newbury : Express Publishing, 2004.
10. Evans V. Upstream Pre-intermediate : ourse book / V. Evans, J. Dooley. Newbury :
Express Publishing, 2004.
11. Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture. Harlow : Longman, 1992.
12. ONeil R. New Success at First Certificate / R. ONeil. Oxford : Oxford University
Press, 1997.
13. Skillswise. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise).

45


AFFIX POWER

Practice Book Developing word-building skills

For intermediate and upper-intermediate students

:
,

..

07.08.07. 6084/16. . . . 2,7.

150 . 1472.

-
.
394000, . , . . , 10. . 208-298, 598-026 ()
http://www.ppc.vsu.ru; e-mail: pp_center@typ.vsu.ru

-
.
394000, . , . , 3. . 204-133.

46