SUBSTATION NAME OTTIYABAKKAM 400/230/110KV SS

FEEDER NAME 230KV KITZ Park 1 # (BAY- 207)

CT RATIO 1200 1200A/1A
PT RATIO 2090.91 230KV/110V
CT/PT RATIO FACTOR 0.5739
Type of Conductor OH
Protected # ZEBRA Z1/KM 0.078 0.392 Kms
Protected # ZEBRA Z0/KM 0.265 1.315
Protected # KUNDHA Z1/ KM 0.079 0.402
Protected # KUNDHA Z0 /KM 0.264 1.498
Distance of Protected # ZEBRA in KM 9 KM
Distance of Protected # KUNDHA in KM 0 KM
Total Distance of Protected # in KM 9 KM
Other End Substation Name KITS Park 2 230 KV SS
Shortest # Name Tharamani #
R X Z THETA
Protected # ZEBRA Z1/KM 0.078 0.392
Protected # ZEBRA Z0/KM 0.265 1.315
Shortest # ZEBRA Conductor Distance in 9.488 KM
KM
Protected # KUNDHA Z1/ KM 0.079 0.402
Protected # KUNDHA Z0 /KM 0.264 1.498
Shortest # KUNDHA conducotr Distance
0
in KM KM
Shortest # Total Distance in KM 9.488 KM
Longest # Name 230 KV OTTIYAMBAKKAM #2
Protected # ZEBRA Z1/KM 0.078 0.392
Protected # ZEBRA Z0/KM 0.265 1.315
Longest # ZEBRA Conductor Distance in
11.4 KM
KM
Protected # KUNDHA Z1/ KM 0.079 0.402
Protected # KUNDHA Z0 /KM 0.264 1.498
Longest # KUNDHA conducotr Distance
0
in KM KM
Longest # Total Distance in KM 11.4 KM
ZONE 1 (80 % impedance of the protected feeder)
Z1 Py 0.562 2.822 2.878 78.746
Z1 Sy 0.322 1.620 1.652 78.746
Z0 Py 1.908 9.468 9.658 78.606
Z0 Sy 1.095 5.434 5.543 78.606

ZONE 2 (100 % impedance of the protected feeder + 50% impedance of the adjacent shortest feeder)
Z 2 Py 1.072 5.388 5.493 78.746
Z 2 Sy 0.615 3.092 3.153 78.746
Zo Py 3.642 18.073 18.437 78.606
Z0 Sy 2.090 10.373 10.581 78.606

ZONE 3 ( 100 % impedance of the protected feeder + 110% impedance of the adjacent longest feeder)
Z 3 Py 1.680 8.444 8.609 78.746
Z 3 Sy 0.964 4.846 4.941 78.746
Z0 Py 5.708 28.325 28.895 78.606
Z0 Sy 3.276 16.256 16.583 78.606
ZONE 4 ( 25 % of Zone 1 impedance)
Z 4 Py 0.140 0.706 0.719 78.746
Z4 SY 0.081 0.405 0.413 78.746
Z0 Py 0.477 2.367 2.415 78.606
z0 Sy 0.274 1.358 1.386 78.606

IMPEDANCE OF THE ENTIRE LINE TO BE PROTECTED

Z1Py 0.702 3.528 3.597 78.746
Z1Sy 0.403 2.025 2.064 78.746
Z0Py 2.385 11.835 12.073 78.606
Z0Sy 1.3687826087 6.792261 6.929 78.606
EARTH COMPENSATION FACTOR
Zone 1 z0/z1= 3.356 -0.140

Zone 2 z0/z1= 3.356 -0.140

Zone 3 z0/z1= 3.356 -0.140

Zone 4 z0/z1= 3.356 -0.140

EARTH COMPENSATION FACTOR

zo-z1 0.773 3.814 3.891 78.547
3z1 0.9669286957 4.859437 4.955 78.746
Zone 1 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.785 -0.199
zo-z1 1.475 7.280 7.428 78.547
3z1 1.8457594435 9.276124 9.458 78.746
Zone 2 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.785 -0.199
zo-z1 2.312 11.410 11.642 78.547
3z1 2.8927283478 14.53781 14.823 78.746
Zone 3 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.785 -0.199
zo-z1 0.193 0.953 0.973 78.547
3z1 0.2417321739 1.214859 1.239 78.746
Zone 4 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.785 -0.199
The resistive reach is calculated with 85 % of rated voltage and 50 % of over loading
condition and the power factor may be greater than 30 deg.

The mimimum load impedance is calculated using the following expression.

Primary full load current = 855 Amps
CT/PT RATIO FACTOR = 0.5739
Total Length of Feeder = 9 Kms
Z load = V min
3 * I max

Z load Py = 0.85*230 KV
3*1.5*D5 A
= 88.009
Zload Sy = 50.510

So the max resistive reach (Right Blinder) for phase fault distance
Rph max = Zload min-0.4*Zloadmin
= 30.306
Maximum Resistive reach (Right Blinder) for Ground fault distance
RG max = Zload min-0.2*Zloadmin
= 40.408

Rph min Rarc

Assume If . I,e minexpected phase to phase fault current
Rarc = 28710*L L= 4.5 Metre
If^1.4 If= 6450 Amps
= 0.600 Assume Rarc=0.6
Rphmin Sy >= RarcPy*CTratio/PTratio
= 0.34

For earth faults,the resistive reaches are calculated as follows

RG Min (Rarc+Rtf)*1.2
Let Rtf = 10 Primary
Rarc = 28710*2.5M L= 2.5 Metre
If^1.4 If= 4250 Amps
= 0.60 Assume Rarc=0.6
RG Min Sy>= 6.082
ZONE RESISTIVE REACH ( RIGHT BLINDERS) ARE CALCULATED AS BELOW
ZONE RESISTANCE PRIMARY
Zone-1 Zone-2 Zone-3 Zone-4
0.5616 1.072032 1.68012 0.1404

FOR PHASE DISTANCE (Res. Reach Secondary)

LEFT BLINDERS FROM QUAD CHARACTERISTICS
Rph (Z1) >= Rph min = 0.34 R1ph = Zone1 Res.+ Rarc = 0.6667
Rph (Z2) 80% of Rph Z3= 24.24 R2ph = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc = 0.9596
Rph (Z3) 60% of Zlmin = 30.31 R3ph = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc = 1.3086
Rph (Z4) = Rph Z3 = 30.31 R4ph = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc = 0.4249

FOR GROUND DISTANCE (Res. Reach Secondary)

LEFT BLINDERS FROM QUAD CHARACTERISTICS
RG (Z1) >= RGmin = 6.08 RG1 = Zone1 Res + Rarc +Rtf = 6.4058
RG (Z2) 80 % of RG Z3 = 32.33 RG2 = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 9.5683
RG (Z3) 80% of Zlmin = 40.41 RG3 = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 12.7869
RG (Z4) = RG Z3 = 40.41 RG4 = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 6.1641

POWER SWING CALCULATIONS PSB

Delta R= 10-30% of R3ph 0.39 I max Line > Phase Current threshold
(We take 30%) Min Setting = 1.2 * Max Power Swing current
Delta X= 10-30% of R3ph 0.39 Max. Power Swing current = 2 * In = 2*1A=2A
(We take 30%) Min Setting = 2.4 Amps

Biased Residual Current Threshold

In> 0.1 * In + [ ( In> / 100 ) * ( Imax ) ] Imax=Max.Cur. Car. Capacity*CTR
In > 38.50% 0.7125

Biased Negative Sequence Current Threshold

I2> 0.1 * In + [ ( I2> / 100 ) * ( Imax ) ] Imax=Max.Cur. Car. Capacity*CTR
I2 > 24.25% 0.7125
Consolidated Settings
SUBSTATION NAME OTTIYABAKKAM 400/230/110KV SS
FEEDER NAME 230KV KITZ Park 1 # (BAY- 207)
CT RATIO 1200.00
PT RATIO 2090.91
CT/PT RATIO FACTOR 0.5739
Total Distance of Protected # in KM 9
Zone Settings R X Z THETA
Z1 Sy 0.3223 1.6198 1.6516 78.7463
Z 2 Sy 0.6153 3.0920 3.1527 78.7463
Z 3 Sy 0.9642 4.8459 4.9409 78.7463
Z4 SY 0.0806 0.4050 0.4129 78.7463
Total Line Impedence (SY) 0.4029 2.0248 2.0645 78.7463

Zone Compensation Factor (Kn) Z THETA

Zone 1 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.7854 -0.1994
Zone 2 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.7854 -0.1994
Zone 3 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.7854 -0.1994
Zone 4 (z0-z1)/3*z1= 0.7854 -0.1994
K value in
Zone Compensation Factor (Kn) Z THETA R+jX Rectangular
Zone 1 z0/z1= 3.3562 -0.1400 3.356223550.56009480
Zone 2 z0/z1= 3.3562 -0.1400 3.356223550.56009480
Zone 3 z0/z1= 3.3562 -0.1400 3.356223550.56009480
Zone 4 z0/z1= 3.3562 -0.1400 3.356223550.56009480

Zload Sy = 50.51

Phase Resistive Reach (Secondary)

R1ph = Zone1 Res.+ Rarc = 0.6667
R2ph = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc = 0.9596
R3ph = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc = 1.3086
R4ph = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc = 0.4249

Ground Resistive Reach (Secondary) RZLV set in the relay (ohms/loop)

RG1 = Zone1 Res + Rarc +Rtf = 6.4058 11.44
RG2 = Zone2 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 9.5683 17.09
RG3 = Zone3 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 12.7869 22.84
RG4 = Zone4 Res.+ Rarc +Rtf = 6.1641 11.01

PSB
Delta R Delta X
0.39 0.39
 K value in
Polar
0.5600955 0.0877202
0.5600955 0.0877202
0.5600955 0.0877202
0.5600955 0.0877202

R(zlv)={R(ohms/ph) * sin[pi-arg(Z1n)]} / {[ IKI * sin [ arg (Z1n) - arg ( IKI)]}

Where
K = 1/ { 1 + [1/3] * [Kon-1]}

RZLV is the ground resistive reach to set in the relay (ohms/loop)

R/PH is the ground resistive reach in ohms/phase
arg(Z1n) is the angle of positive sequence impedance for zone n (n=1...5)
e relay (ohms/loop)
K0n=Z0n/Z1nis the zero sequence compensation factor set for zone n in the relay: the module is set dire

The ground resistive limiters cross the R-axis with an angle equal to arg(Z1n).

- Reactive line angle: it is equal to arg(k)

- Directional line angle: it is equal to the setting (Quadrilateral Characteristic Directional Line Angle) plu
Sub Station OTTIYABAKKAM 400/230/110KV SS
Feeder 230KV KITZ Park 1 # (BAY- 207)
System Voltage 230 KV
Fault MVA 3Ph 10714 MVA
Fault MVA 1Ph 7539 MVA
CT RATIO 1200 1A
PT RATIO 230000 110 V
Line Imp IN Primary 3.597164 Ohms
Line Current Carring Capacity 855 A LINE 855 0.7125
CT/PT RATIO 0.573913 CABLE 855 0.7125
PH-PH E/F
KV^2/MVA
Source Imp
4.937465 Ohms 7.016846 Ohms
Total Imp 8.534629 Ohms 10.61401 Ohms
KV^2/Total Imp
Fault MVA at end of the line
6198.278 MVA 4983.979 MVA
Fault Current 15559.49 A 12511.24 A
Relay Plug setting 100% 1200 A 40% 480
12.96624 26.06509
Setting Multiplier
12.96624 20
Time Required 1 sec 200msec + ZONE 3 TIME
TLS 0.375592 0.38 0.441042 0.44

Over current Earth Fault

Current times time (sec) Actual py ct (A) Current times time (sec)
2 3.8110 2400 2 4.4128
4 1.8923 4800 4 2.1911
5 1.6263 6000 5 1.8831
8 1.2528 9600 8 1.4506
10 1.1288 12000 10 1.3071
12.966 1.0117 15559.488 20 0.9976

Over Current settings Earth Fault settings

PLUG SETTING 100% PLUG SETTING 40%
TLS 0.38 TLS 0.44
 Note Setting multiplier should be less than or equal to 20

rth Fault
Actual py ct (A)
960
1920
2400
3840
4800
9600
| | Power Swing Detector in GE D60
Zone reach Resistive reach
Fwd Reach = Zone 3 Reach + 0.1 of Zone 3 Reach 5.44 1.06
Quad Fwd Out = 1.2 times of Fwd Reach 6.52 1.27
Inner Rgt Bld = Rph (Z3)+ 0.1 of Rph (Z3) 1.44 1.44
Outer Rgt Bld = 1.2 times of Inner Rgt Bld 1.73 1.73
Inner Lft Bld = Z3 left Bld + 0.1 of Z3 left Bld 1.10 1.10
Outer Lft Bld = 1.2 times of Inner lft Bld 1.32 1.32
Rev Reach = Zone 4 Reach + 0.1 of Zone 4 Reach 0.45 0.09
Quad Rev Out = 1.2 times of Rev Reach 0.55 0.11

Note
1. Z3 Left Bld assumed as 1
2. All Mid assumed as 0.1

| | Power Swing Detector in ZLV (CGL RELAYS)

| | |--PS Detec Enable YES
| | |--PS Trip Enable NO
| | |--Right Ext Resist Limit = 1.2 * Rgt Int Resit limit 1.73
| | |--Right Med Resist Limit = Rph (Z3)+ 0.1 of Rph (Z3) 1.44
| | |--Right Int Resist Limit 0.50
| | |--Left Ext Resist Limit = 1.2 * Left Int Resist limit 1.32
| | |--Left Med Resist Limit = Z3 left Bld + 0.1 of Z3 left Bld 1.10 Z3 left Bld assumed as 1.0
| | |--Left Int Resist Limit 0.50
| | |--Resist Limit Angle 78.75 Z3 Line Angle
| | |--Forward Ext Reach = 1.2 * Forward Int Reach 6.52
| | |--Forward Med Reach = Z3 Reach + 0.1 of Z3 Reach 5.44
| | |--Forward Int Reach 0.50
| | |--Reverse Ext Reach = 1.2 * Reverse Int reach 0.60
| | |--Reverse Med Reach = Z4 Reach + 0.1 of Z4 Reach 0.50
| | |--Reverse Int Reach 0.50
| | |--I1 Supervision 0.20 Default
| | |--PS Detec Time (Seconds) 0.04
| | |--PS Block Reset Time (Seconds) 2.00
| | |--PS Trip Type Slow
| | |--Fast Trip Time (Seconds) 0.05 Default
| | |--PS Cond Reset Time (Seconds) 0.05 Default
Resistive reach

ld assumed as 1.0
 FAULT LEVEL IN MVA

Phase Phase
Name of the Substations
Fault level Fault level
1.Ottiyambakkam 400/230/110 KV SS
400 KV 16406 7404
230 KV 10714 7539
110 KV 4771 3536