3.

3 The Tait equation for liquids is written for an isotherm as:

Where V molar specific volume, is the hypothetical molar or specific volume at

zero pressure, and A and B are positive constants. Find an expression for the
isothermal compressibility consistent with this equation.
AB
Ans:
( B P )( B P AP )

3.5 Calculate the reversible work done in compressing 0.0283 of mercury at a

constant temperature of 273.15 K (0 ) from 1 atm to 3000 atm. The isothermal

compressibility of mercury at 273.15 K (0 )is

Where P is in atm K is in

Ans:0.4712 atm-m3

3.6 Five kilograms of liquid carbon tetrachloride undergo a mechanically reversible,

isobaric change of state at 1 bar during which the temperature changes from 273.15 K

(0 ) to 293.15 K (20 ). Determine . The properties for

liquid carbon tetrachloride at 1 bar and 273.15 K may be assumed independent of

temperature : .

Ans:Vt=0.00007638 m3, W= -7.638J, Q=84 KJ. Ht=84 KJ, Ut=83.99 KJ

3.14 A tank of 0.1- volume contains air 298.15 K (25 ) and 101.33 kPa. The tank

is connected to a compressed-air line which supplies air at the constant conditions of

318.15 K (45 ) and 1500 kPa. A valve in the line is cracked so that air flows slowly

into the tank until the pressure equals the line pressure. If the process occurs slowly

enough that the temperature in the tank remains at 298.15 K (25 ),how much heat is
lost from the tank ? Assume air to be an ideal gas for which

Ans:-172.71 KJ

3.15 Gas at constant T and P is contained in a supply line connected through a valve
to a closed tank containing the same gas at a lower pressure. The valve is opened to
allow flow of gas into the tank,and then is shut again.

(a) Develop a general equation relating , the moles (or mass) of gas in tank

at the beginning and end of the process, to the properties , the internal

energy of the gas in the tank at the beginning and end of the process, and H , the
enthalpy of the gas in the supply line, and to Q, the heat transferred to the material in
the tank during the process.
(b) Reduce the general equation to its simplest form for the special case of an ideal
gas with constant heat capacities.

(c) Further reduce the equation of (b) for the case of .

(d) Further reduce the equation of (c) for the case in which, in addition, .

(e) Treating nitrogen as an ideal gas for which , apply the appropriate

equation to the case in which a steady supply of nitrogen at 298.15 K (25 ) and 3 bar

flows into an evacuated tank of 4- volume, and calculate the moles of nitrogen that

flow into the tank to equalize the pressures for two cases:
1. Assume that no heat flows from the gas to the tank or through the tank walls.
2. The tank weighs 400 kg, is perfectly insulated, has an initial temperature of 298.15

K (25 ), has a specific heat of 0.46 KJ , and is heated by the gas so as

always to be at the temperature of the gas in the tank.

Ans:(a) Q n2 U 2 H ' n1 U 1 H '

(b) Q n2 CV T2 C P T ' n1 CV T 1C P T '

(c) Q n2 CV T2 C P T '
(d) T2 T '
(e) (1). 345.8 mole, (2) 474.45 mole

3.18 An ideal gas, initially at 303.15 K (30 ) and 100 kPa, undergoes the following

cyclic processes in a closed system:

(a) In mechanically reversible processes, it is first compressed adiabatically to 500

kPa, then cooled at a constant pressure of 500 kPa to 303.15 K (30 ), and finally

expanded isothermally to its original state.

(b) The cycle traverses exactly the same changes of state, but each step is irreversible
with an efficiency of 80% compared with the corresponding mechanically reversible
process.

Calculate Q, W , for each step of the process and for the cycle. Take

Ans:(a)
U 1 2 3.679 KJ / mole, H 1 2 5.15KJ / mole, W1 2 3.679 KJ , Q1 2 0

U 23 3.679 KJ / mole, H 23 5.15KJ / mole, W23 1.471KJ , Q23 5.15KJ / mole

U 31 H 31 0, W31 4.056 KJ , Q31 4.056 KJ

U=H=0, W=1.094 KJ, Q=1.094 KJ

(b) W12=4.598 KJ, Q12=0.92 KJ, W23=1.839 KJ, Q23=5.518 KJ, W31=3.245KJ.
Q31=3.245KJ
3.30 For methyl chloride at 373.15 K (100 ) the second and third virial coefficients

are:

Calculate the work of mechanically reversible, isothermal compression of 1 mol of

methyl chloride from 1 bar to 55 bar at 373.15 K (100 ). Base calculations on the

following forms of the virial equation:

(a)

(b)

Where

and

Why dont both equations give exactly the same result?

Ans:(a) 12.62 KJ/mole (b) 12.596 KJ/mole because the relations between the two
sets of parameters are exactly only for infinite series.

3.32 Calculate Z and V for ethylene at 298.15 K (25 ) and 12 bar by the following

equations:
(a) The truncated equation[Eq. (3.39)] with the following experimental values of
virial coefficients:

(b) The truncated virial equation [Eq. (3.37)], with a value of B from the generalized
Pitzer correlation [Eq. (3.59)].
(c) The Redlich/K wong equation.
(d) The Soave/Redlich/K wong equation.
(e) The Peng/Robinson equation.
Ans: (a) Z=0.929, V=1919 cm3/mole (b) Z=0.932, V=1924 cm3/mole (c) Z=0.928,
V=1916.5 cm3/mole (d) Z=0.928, V=1918 cm3/mole (e) Z=0.92, V=1900.6
cm3/mole

3.45 A 30- tank contains 14 of liquid n-butane in equilibrium with its vapor at

298.15 K(25 ). Estimate the mass of n-butane vapor in the tank. The vapor pressure

of n-butane at the given temperature is 2.43 bar.

Ans: 98.213 kg

3.61 Natural gas (assume pure methane) is delivered to a city via pipeline at a

volumetric rate of 4 normal M per day. Average delivery conditions are 283.15 K

(10 ) and 20.7 bar. Determine:

(a) The volumetric delivery rate in actual per day.

(b) The molar delivery rate in kmol per hour.

(c) The gas velocity at delivery conditions in m

The pipe is 600 mm heavy duty steel with an inside diameter of 575 mm. Normal

conditions are 273.15 K (0 ) and 1 atm.

Ans: (a) 0.195106 m3/day (b) 7.454 103 kmole/h (c) 8.681 m/sec