Human Body Study Guide

What to study?
Use this sheet to help you organize your information to study for your test tomorrow. You
may answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper and I will go over it before you
take the test.

1. Describe the function and location (which system does it

belong to) of each of the following organs.
(SEE THE BACK OF YOUR STUDY GUIDE FOR THE LOCATION OF
EACH OF THESE ORGANS)
Heart Mouth Bladder
Blood vessels Esophagus Spinal cord
Nose Stomach Bones
Trachea Small intestines Joints
Bronchi Large intestines Ligaments
Lungs Liver Skin
Diaphragm Kidneys

2. What are the levels of organization of the human body system

and define each term (cell, tissue, organ, organ system)? Which
is more complex? Which is less complex?
a. Cell (less complex; basic building block of living things)
Tissue (group of specialized cells working together)
Organ (a part of an organism made of one type of tissue
with a specific job) Organ System (a group of organs
that function together to perform a task) Organism (an
individual animal, plant, or other living thing; most
complex)
3. What are the two types of digestion? Describe each type.
a. Mechanical digestion occurs when food is physically
crushed into smaller pieces; chemical digestion occurs
when enzymes or chemicals in the body begin to break
down food.
4. Explain how food travels through the digestive system.
a. Food begins digestion in the mouth with chemical and
mechanical digestion. Food then travels down the
esophagus, into the stomach, then small intestine, then
finally to the large intestine.
5. Study diagrams of digestive, nervous, and excretory systems.
6. Recall each of the human body systems we have discussed and
tell me their functions. (Example: Skeletal system provides
shape and support for the body and protects the organs.) SEE
THE BACK OF YOUR STUDY GUIDE FOR THE FUNCTIONS OF
EACH BODY SYSTEM
7. Be able to explain how each system works together. (Example
how does the nervous system and muscular system work
together.)
a. The nervous systems sends signals to many of the organ
systems telling them what to do. This includes muscular,
digestive, respiratory, urinary, integumentary.
b. The respiratory system takes in oxygen that the circulatory
system can move around the body. The circulatory system
then moves the carbon dioxide waste out of the body
c. The muscular and skeletal systems work together to keep
your body up right and moving
8. Compare how a cells organelles and a bodys organ system are
similar
a. Cell organelles all have different jobs, but each job is
important and they work together to make sure the cell
functions properly. The organ systems all have their own
jobs but they must work together to help keep an organism
alive. They are similar because they both most work with
other parts to keep something alive and functioning
successfully.
9. What does the integumentary system do?
a. This is skin, hair, and nails. It is the first line of defense for
the body. One job is to keep pathogens out of the body. It
also rids the body of waste through sweating.
10. What does the immune system do?
a. The immune system protects the body against foreign
invaders like bacteria and viruses. It helps build immunity
so you dont get sick every time you are exposed to the
same virus.
11. Compare cellular respiration to what the respiratory system does.
a. Cellular respiration occurs in a cells mitochondria. It uses
oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. The respiratory
system takes the carbon dioxide and releases it through
the lungs. When we inhale, the oxygen taken in is then
used to power the mitochondria again.