3.

11

1 2 1

1 2 1 2

n n
3.12 n

1
1 2 1 1 1 2

3.13 n zX

n
2 n
1 n
0 n
2 n 2n
3.14 n zX

1 3 1

1 3 1 2 2

1
1
1 2
1
2
6 7

1 1

1 2 2

1 2

1 1 6 1 2

4 1 2 1 2 2 1 05 1

2 15 1
1 15 1 05 2

1 2 1 2

1 4 1 4 2

1
=
2

4
1 1 1
2 4 2
 1
.
4
1 1
1
2
1 1
1
2
1 1
1 a

3.15 n

5 1

1 2 1 3 1

3.16 .
1 n 1 n
1 n 4 u n 1 2 n 1 2 un
1 n
1 n un 2 n n 2 u n
1 n
1 n 2 u n 2 n nu n
1 n nu n 2 n 2n u n 1
3.17
3.18 n

n
1
n 2
1
n 2
n
n
n
0
0n n 0

3.19
n

1
1 2
2
1 1
1
2

n
1 n 0n un 0 1

z X2