May 22nd, 2014

Dear WHIP Partners:

Through a collaborative effort with numerous WHIP partners, we have compiled a comprehensive
regional geospatial database of terrestrial invasive plants as presented at the 2014 annual Partners
Meeting in February. Please find attached a report summarizing the results and associated maps and
DVD containing the compiled data, sources and additional documentation/analyses. We are excited to
have completed this effort and feel that it will provide the vital information to assist in planning
judicious and effective EDRR management and outreach for the future.

In the report we have outlined the background and need for the project and detailed the methods for
bringing together over 25,000 survey records from various entities into a single functional geodatabase.
We also have presented some results and analyses that we felt would be of most value to WHIP in
moving forward as a cooperative management area. Following is a discussion of the results and
suggested improvements for data collection and sharing.

The DVD contains the final geodatabase, source data, survey reports and additional analyses and tables.
We have provided this with the intention that WHIP and its Partners can have full access to the
information and thereby make the best use of the combined data. This project is another example of the
power of partnerships and further demonstration of the value in working together on invasive species
issues at a regional level. Special thanks to the following in providing data access and technical support:
Nisa Karimi (Wisconsin DNR), Deb Veen and Sam Adams (US Forest Service), Art Higendorf and
Adam Grassel (Oneida and Vilas Co. Mapping Dept.), Doug Miskowiak (Univ. Of Wisconsin, Stevens
Point GIS Center) and Mason Johnson (Univ. of Wisconsin, Stevens Point undergraduate student).

Sincere Regards,

Caleb Slemmons,
WHIP Coordinator
The Wisconsin Headwaters Invasives Partnership Regional Invasives Mapping Project:

A comprehensive regional tool for effective early detection and rapid response

Final draft: 5/22/2014

Authors: Caleb Slemmons, Coordinator, Wisconsin Headwaters Invasives Partnership and University of
Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Biology Department & Mason Johnson, undergraduate student, University
of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, College of Natural Resources

Abstract: Invasive species are a major threat to the
environment, economy and recreation in
Wisconsins scenic Northwoods and lakes regions.
Effective communication, cooperative partnerships
and information sharing are keys to success in
combating invasives. This project seeks to enhance
data sharing by combining terrestrial invasive plant
occurrences for the region and greatly improving
functionality and access. Over 25,000 records from
regional partners were compiled into a geodatabase
using ESRIs ArcGIS software and consistent data
formatting and attribution applied. The project
results and end product will facilitate
comprehensive regional analysis. It will provide an
essential tool that land managers and owners need
to prioritize invasive plant control and education
efforts. Finally, we also recommend a consistent
method and format for future surveys and frequent
uploads to share data though one or more regional
clearinghouses.
Introduction: Invasive species have wide-reaching
impacts to our natural resources and have spread
throughout the US including much of the Midwest
and into Northern Wisconsin.
Invasive species also pose significant threats to
biodiversity, ecosystem function and economic
activity, lending urgency to the need to understand
the factors that determine their distribution and
abundance (Diez et al, 2009). The Wisconsin
Headwaters Invasives Partnership (WHIP) is a
diverse cooperative of agencies and other groups
seeking to pool available resources to foster
public awareness and to implement programs to
control and manage invasive species. The WHIP,
serving Oneida and Vilas Counties (Fig. 1), is
currently focusing on terrestrial invasive plant
species as other invasives have existing,
coordinated efforts/programs and dedicated funding
sources. The region of interest for this project
includes a powerful coalition of agencies managing
over 2.3 million acres of public land in the region of
analysis for this project! This is a recipe for success
as a cooperative weed management area, or
CWMA, as a large portion of the area is managed
by relatively few entities (Fig 1). In addition, the
Cooperative brings together numerous private
landowners through partnerships with the
Northwoods Land Trust, Partners in Forestry and
others.
Numerous invasive plant surveys have been
completed in the region by Great Lakes Indian Fish
and Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC), the WHIP,
US Forest Service, and others (Fig. 3) (Falck, M. et
al., 2009-2012; Page, R., 2012; Ehrig, B., 2013;
Hanke, B., 2014 and Cogger & Danz, 2014). It is
well acknowledged that the most cost effective and
successful invasive species control and education
efforts focus on species that are new and very
limited in extent. This approach, known as early
detection and rapid response (EDRR), is only as
good as the regional knowledge of species
occurrence and spatial distribution. Unfortunately,
much of the data are in numerous disparate sources
and not readily available to land managers and
decision-makers. Several ambitious efforts such as
the Midwest Invasive Species Information Network
(MISIN) and Great Lakes Early Detection Network
are improving access to these valuable datasets.
Though 68% of data utilized here has not currently
been submitted to these regional data
clearinghouses or the data have limited attribution
available compared to the original source. Further, differences in survey methods and available
documentation can greatly limit data use and interpretation.

Figure 1: Summary of regional land management entities of the WHIP cooperative

The overall goal of the project was to combine

Partners geospatial invasives occurrence data into a
single cohesive format as a tool for early detection
and rapid response (EDRR) on a regional level.
This is the next key step in effectively addressing
terrestrial invasive plants within the WHIP region
and can serve as a model for others statewide. The
three main objectives were to:
1) Create a comprehensive regional
annotated list of currently recorded non-
native and invasive species from all sources
available. (Appendix B)
2) Create a compiled geodatabase of
terrestrial invasive plant species with
relevant and uniform attribution.
3) Analyze frequency of occurrence and
prepare lists of invasive species for
consideration of early detection and rapid
response priorities. (Table 3 and Fig. 4)
In 2009 the Wisconsin Department of Natural
Resources developed an invasive species rule listing
prohibited and restricted species (Wis. Adm.
Code ch. NR 40). Designations have specific
implications regarding possession, transport, sale
and/introduction of these species to Wisconsin.
Designations for Vilas/Oneida Counties are listed as
NR 40 Status in Tables 1-5 for reference. In
addition, since some of the records occur from
across the Michigan state line and attribution for
their invasive species law (Act 451) is also
provided. When analyzed together, the Wisconsin
designations were used as WHIP is a Wisconsin-
based cooperative and is the underlying context for
the project. The following is a description of the
methods, results and some analysis. Discussion and
recommendations are also presented for future use
of the dataset, improvements on data sharing and
compatibility, and additional possibilities for
analysis.
Methods and data sources: Overall, 25,200
records were compiled from public internet
databases (32%) including the Great Lakes Early
Detection Network, MISIN and GLIFWC. The
remainder was provided by agencies such as US
Forest Service and other WHIP partners (Fig. 3).
The minimum criteria for data sources were: date,
species identification (some only to genus level),
geographic coordinates and known
source/reference. For example, numerous herbarium
collection data could not be included since many
records lack geographic coordinates. Data sources
and contacts are listed in Appendix A.
Initial source data files were downloaded from
Great Lakes Early Detection Network, GLIFWC
and MISIN and imported in comma-delimited
format into Microsoft Excel. Data with
latitude/longitude coordinates were imported into
ArcMap 10.2 (ESRI, Redlands, CA). For US Forest
Service, Chequamegon-Nicolet and Ottawa Forest
data were collected as polygons. These data sources
were converted using ArcMaps Feature to Point
tool using the representative center of each polygon
for point location. Resulting point shapefiles, along
with those provided by cooperators were inspected
with regard to projected coordinate system,
geographic coordinate system, datum, date, number
of records and species, and taxonomy. Vilas County
Right-of-way surveys (Hanke, B., 2014) did not
include a date attribute so they were extracted from
the corresponding files creation date. There was no
projected coordinate system assigned to any source
data, excluding Oneida County WHIP and Town of
Three Lakes. All source data were projected using
Batch Project script into NAD 1983_2011
Wisconsin Transverse Mercator.
Seeking a true regional approach, we elected to
include data within a 25-mile buffer extended from
Vilas and Oneida County boundaries to delimit the
extent of this analysis. This allowed us to include
data from just outside the subject Counties, across
the Wisconsin-Michigan border and the Ottawa
National Forest (Fig 1). Limiting the extent ensured
that the analysis was most relevant to the subject
area and the project was feasible within the
constraints of time/resources. Using Vilas and
Oneida county boundry polygons a 25 mile buffer
from county boundary edge was applied and data
clipped to this extent. All animal and submergent
plant data were moved to a separate shapefile and
were not included in this analysis. Redundant data
was removed by performing a Select by Location
query using 1.1 m as a minimum distance - all
selected data were considered to be duplicates and
were removed. Fields and attribute names/properties
were altered as needed to achieve seamless merging
of all point data. Data points were finally merged
using Merge tool in ArcMap Geoprocessing with
the following final attributes: date, scientific name
and notes. Species lists were reviewed and any
native species or taxonomy problems addressed by
removing or combining data as needed. Latitude
and Longitude coordinates were calculated for each
record using Calculate Geometry. The US
Department of Agricultures Natural Resources
Conservation Service PLANTS database symbols
and taxonomy were downloaded from
http://usda.plants.gov. Symbols were joined to
match scientific or common name attributes and
joined to additional attributes including growth
habit, duration, wetland and current NR 40
designation
http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/invasives/classification.html.
Extent of infested areas and stem counts provided
from each data source differed widely in format (see
discussion). Because of this, it was not possible to
combine these into meaningful categories and they
were excluded from the final dataset. However, they
are available for consideration from individual
sources and are provided in accompanying raw
source data.
Finally, a landcover analysis was performed using
the WISCLAND raster based on 1992 satellite
imagery provided by Wisconsin DNR at
http://dnr.wi.gov/maps/gis/datalandcover.html. A
new field to the combine invasive plant shapefile
using Spatial Analyst: Extract Multi Values to Point
tool which extracted landcover type from Wisconsin
landcover raster (See Additional analyses).
Caution should be exercised in interpretation of the
dataset as it includes a compilation of survey data
from a variety of sources. Species location and
identifications have not necessarily been verified or
vouchered and data collection/survey methods are
varied (refer to reference list for documentation). The sampling of surveyed locations is biased to
mostly non-urban, public lands and accessible roads and trails. Finally, the number of recorded locations
may not always indicate current occurrence or extent as the site may have been actively managed or eradicated
since. The number of occurrences should always be considered in its spatial context (ie. not just how many
locations but where are they). Regardless, the dataset has tremendous value from a relative perspective and
represents the best up to date information to guide successful efforts for regional invasive plant management.

Results: The final dataset contains 19,390 records collected from 1949-2013 (Fig. 2 and 3) of 198 non-native
plant species (some only genera level) which are listed in Appendix B. Of these species, 68% are
forb/herbaceous, 14% shrubs and 9% graminoids with the major Families as follows: Asteraceae (41%),
Caprifoliaceae (13%), Poaceae (7%) and Rhamnaceae (6%).
4500
Number of records

3000

1500

0
1945 - 2000

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013
Year of survey

Figure 2: The number of survey records by year of survey date.

The major genera include Cirsium species representing almost 20% and Centaurea comprising 14% of the
combined dataset (Table 1). The vast majority of species (79%) are perennial Overall, 61 of these taxa (30%)
are currently or proposed for listing under NR40 (Table 2).
Table 1: Compiled summary of major plant genera recorded

# of
% of total Cirsium species are
Genus records
widespread in the
Cirsium 3726 19.2%
WHIP region and
Centaurea 2723 14.0%
comprised 19.2% of
Lonicera 2528 13.0%
compiled records.
Phalaris 1258 6.5%
Tanacetum 1022 5.3%
Total 11257 58.1%

Combined there were 99 occurrences of 8 species (4%) currently or proposed listed as prohibited (Table 3,
Fig. 4). Of these 26 are within the WHIP with 22 in Oneida County and 4 in Vilas County. There were 15,788
occurrences of 52 species/genera (26%) that are proposed or currently listed as restricted by NR40 rule. A
summary of all NR40 listed species and their frequency is compiled in Appendix B.
Table 2: Compiled summary of WI NR 40 status

NR 40 Status # of records # of species

Prohibited 93 0.5% 6 3.0%
Proposed Prohibited 6 < 0.1 % 2 1.0%
Proposed Restricted 2998 15.5% 20 10.0%
Restricted 12790 66.0% 32 16.0%
No NR40 status 3503 18.1% 140 70.0%
Totals 19390 200

Table 3: All NR 40 prohibited species and restricted species with 10 or fewer occurrences in compiled dataset

Symbol Family Scientific Name Common Name WI NR40 Status Records

GLMA3 Poaceae Glyceria maxima Reed mannagrass Prohibited 1
TOJA Apiaceae Torilis japonica Erect hedgeparsley Prohibited 1
PROHIBITED

TUFA Asteraceae Tussilago farfara Coltsfoot Proposed Prohibited 1

COMA2 Apiaceae Conium maculatum Poison hemlock Prohibited 3
POSA4 Polygonaceae Fallopia sachalinense Giant knotweed Prohibited 5
POBO10 Polygonaceae Fallopia xbohemicum Bohemian knotweed Proposed Prohibited 10
ANSY Apiaceae Anthriscus sylvestris Wild chervil Prohibited 27
HEMA17 Apiaceae Heracleum mantegazzianum Giant hogweed Prohibited 55

ARAB3 Asteraceae Artemisia absinthium Absinthium Proposed Restricted 1

EPHE Orchidaceae Epipactis helleborine Broadleaf helleborine Restricted 1
LOXY Caprifoliaceae Lonicera xylosteum Dwarf honeysuckle Restricted 1
Solidstem burnet
PISA Apiaceae Pimpinella saxifraga saxifrage Proposed Restricted 1
ROMU Rosaceae Rosa multiflora Multiflora rose Restricted 1
KNAR Dipsacaceae Knautia arvensis Field scabiosa Proposed Restricted 2
Garden yellow
RESTRICTED

LYVU Primulaceae Lysimachia vulgaris loosestrife Proposed Restricted 2

ACTA80 Aceraceae Acer tataricum Tatarian maple Proposed Restricted 3
DIPSA Dipsacaceae Dipsacus sp. Teasel Restricted 3
ELAN Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive Restricted 3
EUALA3 Celastraceae Euonymus alatus Winged burningbush Proposed Restricted 3
CEJA Asteraceae Centaurea jacea Brownray knapweed Proposed Restricted 6
LYNU Primulaceae Lysimachia nummularia Moneywort Proposed Restricted 6
CEOR7 Celastraceae Celastrus orbiculatus Oriental bittersweet Restricted 7
GAMO Rubiaceae Galium mollugo False baby's breath Proposed Restricted 7
ROHIF8 Fabaceae Robinia hispida Bristly locust Proposed Restricted 9
POAL7 Salicaceae Populus alba White poplar Proposed Restricted 10
*Refer to Appendix B for full list of non-native and NR40 restricted species
Figure 3: Compiled terrestrial non-native plant locations for the WHIP region by data provider
Figure 4: Prohibited species locations within the 25 mile buffer area
Discussion and recommendations:
There are numerous barriers to effective invasive
plant EDRR which is widely understood to be
cheapest and most likely means for success in
battling invasive species (Simberloff et al., 2013).
This project has identified 26 potential locations of
NR40 prohibited species in the WHIP area. The
highest priority for WHIP should be to confirm and
eradicate these populations. Further the WHIP
should work with adjoining cooperatives including
the Northwoods and Upper Chippewa CWMAs and
the Western Peninsula Invasives Coalition
(Michigan) on the remaining 73 locations of
prohibited species (Table 3 and Fig. 4). For
consideration of a second priority list the following
NR40 restricted species had less than 10 recorded
locations: Artemisia absinthium (1), Pimpinella
saxifraga (1), Epipactis helleborine (1), Rosa
multiflora (1), Lonicera xylosteum (1), Knautia
arvensis (2), Lysimachia vulgaris (2), Acer
tataricum (3), Euonymus alatus (3), Dipsacus sp.
(3), Centaurea jacea (6), Lysimachia nummularia
(6), Galium mollugo (7), Celastrus orbiculatus (7),
Robinia hispida (9) and Populus alba (10).
Educational efforts should be also focused on these
species to encourage public reporting. This analysis
has also shown a number of ornamental species are
not currently widespread on the landscape.
Encouraging residents to avoid buying these and
removing these problematic invasives from
landscaping can circumvent many of the problems
cause by their spread.
From an operational perspective - one of the most
important factors in implementing EDRR
successfully as a partnership is effective
communication and sharing of information. In
completing this project numerous issues arose in
collecting, compiling, summarizing and analyzing
the information. In order to compile the dataset,
numerous agencies and individuals had to be
contacted for up to date information. Only about
32% of the data used in this analysis was available
for direct internet download. Even the data that was
available for download through partner websites or
regional data sharing sites still had to be checked
for redundancy. In addition, the methods to collect
data were not uniform which greatly reduced the
ability to analyze the data set as a whole. For
example, numerous groups collected a visual
estimate of the extent of spread or stem counts.
However, due to varying methods and categories
used these are difficult or in some cases simply
incompatible when compiled. From this, the
following two key recommendations are urged for
the future for the future in improving data
sharing/collection within the WHIP cooperative.
1) Data from WHIP and its component
organizations needs to be regularly uploaded
to a single shared online dataset
2) When designing survey methods, data
should follow the minimum mapping
standards as recommended by the North
American Invasive Species Management
Association (naisma.org)
Implementation of theses measure will do much for
the future need to compile and share information on
invasives. Ensuring the information is timely,
accurate and compatible can greatly assist busy land
managers and others planning control and education
efforts. These individuals may not have the time,
expertise and/or staff to carry out the type of
analysis presented here and an upfront investment
and commitment to data sharing will pay
meaningful dividends for EDRR efforts into the
future.
Some land owners and management agencies in the
region have developed local or agency-specific
plans but no concerted effort has been made to
identify which species/locations are a high-priority
regionally due to their limited distribution. Until
now, the information to make these critical
decisions was unusable. The WHIP has completed
this project and is sharing the information to help
the Partnership achieve success over the long-term.
This will allow the WHIP to focus limited resources
most efficiently for control and public education
alike. Moving forward, the WHIP seeks to work
cooperatively with land owners and managers to
develop a strategic plan based on EDRR and
eradicate early invasives in Wisconsins
Northwoods.
 Additional analyses: Much can be done beyond what is presented here. We have tried to distill the information
down to provide the insight most relevant to targeting control and educational efforts for WHIP. However, all of
the source data is available for conducting further analyses or looking at the spatial distributions of terrestrial
invasives in ways that may be particularly valuable to individual organizations. For example, combining the
invasive plant point data with derived landcover data as described in the methods we determined that 43.5% of
the points are classified as forest and 14% of the points are wetland. Species lists could be generated for each of
these types as a resource specific analysis of invasives affecting that landcover type.

Countless other data layers are available and can be employed to gain further insight from the compiled dataset.
Another example, of how geospatial data may be useful in a management context is looking at the release of
biological control agents compared to known locations of the targeted pest. As shown below the recorded
distribution of spotted knapweed and known locations of biocontrol agent releases (mostly Larinus sp) (Fig. 5).

Figure 5: Recorded locations of Centaurea stoebe and biocontrol releases in the WHIP region
References:
Cogger, B., and N.P. Danz. 2014. Baseline survey
of terrestrial invasive plants on County Forests in
northern Wisconsin. Technical Report 2014-1, Lake
Superior Research Institute, University of
Wisconsin-Superior, Superior, WI.
Diez, J. M., Buckley, H. L., Case, B. S., Harsch, M.
A., Sciligo, A. R., Wangen, S. R., & Duncan, R. P.
2009. Interacting effects of management and
environmental variability at multiple scales on
invasive species distributions. Journal Of Applied
Ecology, 46(6), 1210-1218. doi:10.1111/j.1365-
2664.2009.01725.x
Ehrig, B. 2013. Town of Three Lakes terrestrial
invasive plant species survey 2013 field work
report. Unpublished report 22 pp.
Falck, M, Gilane, W. and R. Parisien. 2012. Great
Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission
invasive species program 2011. Administrative
report. 27 pp.
http://www.glifwc.org/Reports/Administrative%20
Report%2012-02.pdf
Falck, M, Hill, L. and R. Parisien. 2011. Great
Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission
invasive species program 2010. Administrative
reports. 27 pp.
http://www.glifwc.org/Reports/Administrative%20
Report%2011-11.pdf
Falck, M, Garske, S. and D. Olson. 2010. Great
Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission
invasive species program 2009. Administrative
reports. 36 pp.
http://www.glifwc.org/Reports/Administrative%20
Report%2010-11.pdf
Hanke, B. 2014. Vilas county right of way invasive
species road survey: Summer 2013. Unpublished
report. 8 pp.
Page, R. 2012. Oneida County Invasive Species
Roads Survey Fieldwork Report. Unpublished
report. 37 pp.
Simberloff, Daniel, et al. 2013. "Impacts of
biological invasions: what's what and the way
forward." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 28.1 : 58
APPENDIX A: DATA SOURCES, PROPERTIES AND CONTACTS
Properties MISIN GLIFWC Oneida Co WHIP Row Vilas Co WHIP Row
Projected
Coord.
System N/A N/A Oneida Co WI Coordinate System N/A
Geographic
Coord. GCS_WGS_1984_HARN GCS_North_American_1983_HARN GRS 80-Oneida Co GCS_WGS_1984
System
Datum D_WGS_1984_HARN D_North_American_1983_HARN <custom> D_WGS_1984
Date Range 4/01/2006--9/09/2011 7/15/1940--10/10/2013 6/14/2012--9/28/2012 5/20/2013-8/26/2013
# of Records 11,199 5541 1730 660
# of Species 158 191 10 12
Taxa Animal+Plant Plant Plant Plant
Areal extent Some / Density No Yes / Square ft est. Yes / Square ft est.
Stem counts No No Yes / Estimate Yes / Estimate
Art Hilgendorf, Oneida Co. Adam Grassl, Vilas Co. Eagle River,
Data source / Rhinelander, Ph:715-369-6179, Ph:715-479-3790
http://www.misin.msu.edu/ http://maps.glifwc.org/
contact email:
ahilgendor@co.oneida.wi.us
Lake Superior Research
Properties Institute USFS Chequamegon-Nicolet NF USFS Ottawa NF Town of Three Lakes
Projected
Coord. Oneida County WI Coordinate
System N/A N/A N/A System
Geographic
Coord. GCS_WGS_1984 GCS_North_American_1983 GCS_North_American_1983 GRS 80-Oneida County
System
Datum D_WGS_1984 D_North_American_1983 D_North_American_1983 <custom>
Date Range 8/27/2012--9/18/2013 5/22/1997--11/14/2013 8/13/1986--11/18/2013 5/25/2013--9/27/2013
# of Records 3297 5277 4060 1649
# of Species 14 43 104 12
Taxa Plants Plants Plants Plants
Areal extent Yes / Acres est. Yes / Acres mapped polygon Yes / Acres mapped polygon Yes / Square ft est.
Stem counts Yes / Estimate No / Est. percent cover No / Est. percent cover Yes / Estimate
Nisa Karimi, WI DNR, Deborah Veen, USFS Rhinelander, Samual Adams, USFS Gladstone, Art Hilgendorf, Oneida Co.
Data source / Madison, Ph: 608-267- Ph: 715-362-1352 MI, Ph:906-428-5851, email: Rhinelander, Ph:715-369-6179, email:
contact 0279, email: email:dveen@fs.fed.us siadams@fs.fed.us ahilgendor@co.oneida.wi.us
nisa.karimi@wisconsin.gov
 APPENDIX B: NR 40 PROHIBITED AND RESTRICTED* SPECIES RECORDED IN THE 25 MILE BUFFER OF WHIP
Growth
Symbol Family Scientific Name Common Name WI NR40 Status Habitat Duration Wetland Records
ANSY Apiaceae Anthriscus sylvestris Wild chervil Prohibited Forb/herb Annual 27
COMA2 Apiaceae Conium maculatum Poison hemlock Prohibited Forb/herb Biennial Facultative 3
PROHIBITED

GLMA3 Poaceae Glyceria maxima Reed mannagrass Prohibited Graminoid Perennial Obligate Wetland 1
HEMA17 Apiaceae Heracleum mantegazzianum Giant hogweed Prohibited Forb/herb Perennial 55
POSA4 Polygonaceae Fallopia sachalinense Giant knotweed Prohibited Forb/herb Perennial 5
TOJA Apiaceae Torilis japonica Erect hedgeparsley Prohibited Forb/herb Annual 1
TUFA Asteraceae Tussilago farfara Coltsfoot Proposed Prohibited Forb/herb Perennial Facultative Upland 1
POBO10 Polygonaceae Fallopia xbohemicum Bohemian knotweed Proposed Prohibited Forb/herb Perennial 10

ALPE4 Brassicaceae Alliaria petiolata Garlic mustard Restricted Forb/herb Annual Facultative Upland 390
BUUM Butomaceae Butomus umbellatus Flowering rush Restricted Forb/herb Perennial Obligate Wetland 25
CARA Campanulaceae Campanula rapunculoides Creeping bellflower Restricted Forb/herb Perennial 39
CEOR7 Celastraceae Celastrus orbiculatus Oriental bittersweet Restricted Vine Perennial 7
CESTM Asteraceae Centaurea stoebe Spotted knapweed Restricted Forb/herb Biennial 2507
CIRSI Asteraceae Cirsium sp. Thistle Restricted 613
CIAR4 Asteraceae Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Restricted Forb/herb Perennial Facultative 742
CIPA6 Asteraceae Cirsium palustre Marsh thistle Restricted Forb/herb Perennial 2084
DIPSA Dipsacaceae Dipsacus sp. Teasel Restricted 3
RESTRICTED

ELAN Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive Restricted Shrub Perennial Facultative 3
ELUMP Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus umbellata Autumn olive Restricted Shrub Perennial 19
EPHE Orchidaceae Epipactis helleborine Broadleaf helleborine Restricted Forb/herb Perennial Facultative Upland 1
EUCY2 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia cyparissias Cypress spurge Restricted Forb/herb Perennial 79
EUES Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia esula Leafy spurge Restricted Forb/herb Perennial 39
FRAL4 Rhamnaceae Frangula alnus Glossy buckthorn Restricted Shrub Perennial Facultative 470
GATE2 Lamiaceae Galeopsis tetrahit Brittlestem hempnettle Restricted Forb/herb Annual Facultative Upland 322
HEMA3 Brassicaceae Hesperis matronalis Dames rocket Restricted Forb/herb Biennial Facultative Upland 21
LONIC Caprifoliaceae Lonicera (non-native) Honeysuckle Restricted 795
LOMO2 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera morrowii Morrow's honeysuckle Restricted Shrub Perennial Obligate Upland 406
LOTA Caprifoliaceae Lonicera tatarica Tatarian honeysuckle Restricted Shrub Perennial Facultative Upland 185
LOBE Caprifoliaceae Lonicera xbella Bells honeysuckle Restricted Shrub Perennial Facultative Upland 1141
LOXY Caprifoliaceae Lonicera xylosteum Dwarf honeysuckle Restricted Shrub Perennial 1
LYSA2 Lythraceae Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife Restricted Forb/herb Perennial Obligate Wetland 744
 Growth
Symbol Family Scientific Name Common Name WI NR40 Status Habitat Duration Wetland Records
PASA2 Apiaceae Pastinaca sativa Wild parsnip Restricted Forb/herb Biennial 197
PHAUA7 Poaceae Phragmites australis ssp australis Common reed Restricted Graminoid Perennial Facultative Wetland 31
POCU6 Polygonaceae Fallopia cuspidatum Japanese knotweed Restricted Forb/herb Perennial 69
RHCA3 Rhamnaceae Rhamnus cathartica Common buckthorn Restricted Shrub Perennial Obligate Upland 663
ROMU Rosaceae Rosa multiflora Multiflora rose Restricted Subshrub Perennial Facultative Upland 1
TYAN Typhaceae Typha angustifolia Narrowleaf cattail Restricted Forb/herb Perennial Obligate Wetland 146
TYGL Typhaceae Typha xglauca Hybrid cattail Restricted Forb/herb Perennial Obligate Wetland 35
ACTA80 Aceraceae Acer tataricum Tatarian maple Proposed Restricted Shrub Perennial 3
AEPO Apiaceae Aegopodium podagraria Bishop's goutweed Proposed Restricted Forb/herb Perennial Facultative Upland 265
ARAB3 Asteraceae Artemisia absinthium Absinthium Proposed Restricted Forb/herb Perennial 1
BETH Berberidaceae Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry Proposed Restricted Shrub Perennial Obligate Upland 751
CAAR18 Fabaceae Caragana arborescens Siberian peashrub Proposed Restricted Shrub Perennial 14
CEJA Asteraceae Centaurea jacea Brownray knapweed Proposed Restricted Forb/herb Perennial 6
RESTRICTED

CENI3 Asteraceae Centaurea nigrescens Tyrol knapweed Proposed Restricted Forb/herb Perennial 66
EUALA3 Celastraceae Euonymus alatus Winged burningbush Proposed Restricted Shrub Perennial 3
GAMO Rubiaceae Galium mollugo False baby's breath Proposed Restricted Forb/herb Perennial 7
IRPS Iridaceae Iris pseudacorus Paleyellow iris Proposed Restricted Forb/herb Perennial Obligate Wetland 158
KNAR Dipsacaceae Knautia arvensis Field scabiosa Proposed Restricted Forb/herb Annual 2
LYNU Primulaceae Lysimachia nummularia Moneywort Proposed Restricted Forb/herb Perennial Facultative Wetland 6
Garden yellow
LYVU Primulaceae Lysimachia vulgaris loosestrife Proposed Restricted Forb/herb Perennial Facultative Wetland 2
MYSC Boraginaceae Myosotis scorpioides True forget-me-not Proposed Restricted Forb/herb Perennial Facultative Wetland 208
MYSY Boraginaceae Myosotis sylvatica Woodland forget-me-not Proposed Restricted Forb/herb Perennial Facultative 35
PHAR3 Poaceae Phalaris arundinacea Reed canarygrass Proposed Restricted Graminoid Perennial Facultative Wetland 1258
Solidstem burnet
PISA Apiaceae Pimpinella saxifraga saxifrage Proposed Restricted Forb/herb Perennial 1
POAL7 Salicaceae Populus alba White poplar Proposed Restricted Tree Perennial 10
ROHIF8 Fabaceae Robinia hispida Bristly locust Proposed Restricted Shrub Perennial 9
ROPS Fabaceae Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust Proposed Restricted Tree Perennial Facultative Upland 22
VAOF Valerianaceae Valeriana officinalis Garden valerian Proposed Restricted Forb/herb Perennial 171

*Restricted species in bold had 10 or fewer records in the 25 mile WHIP buffer
APPENDIX B (CONT.): NON-NATIVE PLANTS (NON-STATUS) RECORDED IN THE 25 MILE WHIP BUFFER
Growth
Symbol Family Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Duration Wetland Records
ACPL Aceraceae Acer platanoides Norway maple Tree Perennial Facultative Upland 3
ACPT Asteraceae Achillea ptarmica Sneezeweed Forb/herb Perennial 16
AGGI2 Poaceae Agrostis gigantea Redtop Graminoid Perennial Facultative 16
AJGE Lamiaceae Ajuga genevensis Blue bugle Forb/herb Perennial 4
AJRE Lamiaceae Ajuga reptans Common bugle Forb/herb Perennial 14
ALMO4 Rosaceae Alchemilla monticola Hairy lady's mantle Forb/herb Perennial 1
ARMI2 Asteraceae Arctium minus Lesser burdock Forb/herb Biennial Obligate Upland 40
ARLUA Asteraceae Artemisia ludoviciana White sagebrush Forb/herb Perennial 3
BEIN2 Brassicaceae Berteroa incana Hoary alyssum Forb/herb Annual 4
BRIN2 Poaceae Bromus inermis Smooth brome Graminoid Perennial Facultative 20
CAEPE2 Poaceae Calamagrostis epigeios Chee reedgrass Graminoid Perennial 7
CAGL2 Campanulaceae Campanula glomerata Dane's blood Forb/herb Perennial 1
CALA40 Campanulaceae Campanula latifolia Giant bellflower Forb/herb Perennial 3
CAPE20 Campanulaceae Campanula persicifolia Peachleaf bellflower Forb/herb Perennial 3
CACR2 Asteraceae Carduus crispus Curly plumeless thistle Forb/herb Biennial 3
CEMO Asteraceae Centaurea montana Perennial cornflower Forb/herb Annual 6
CEMO6 Asteraceae Centaurea xmoncktonii Meadow knapweed Forb/herb Perennial 138
CIVU Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle Forb/herb Biennial Facultative Upland 287
European lily of the
COMA7 Liliaceae Convallaria majalis valley Forb/herb Perennial 72
DAME3 Thymelaeaceae Daphne mezereum Paradise plant Shrub Perennial 2
DACA6 Apiaceae Daucus carota Queen anne's lace Forb/herb Biennial Facultative Upland 26
DIBA Caryophyllaceae Dianthus barbatus Sweetwilliam Forb/herb Perennial 44
DIGR4 Scrophulariaceae Digitalis grandiflora Yellow foxglove Forb/herb Biennial 6
DILU Scrophulariaceae Digitalis lutea Straw foxglove Forb/herb Perennial 2
DIPU Scrophulariaceae Digitalis purpurea Purple foxglove Forb/herb Biennial Facultative Upland 60
DRVE2 Brassicaceae Draba verna Spring draba Forb/herb Annual 21
ECCR Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli Barnyardgrass Graminoid Annual Facultative 3
ECSP Asteraceae Echinops sphaerocephalus Great globethistle Forb/herb Perennial 1
EUFOF Celastraceae Euonymus fortunei Winter creeper Shrub Perennial 1
POSA4 Polygonaceae Fallopia sachalinensis Giant knotweed Forb/herb Perennial 7
FORSY Oleaceae Forsythia Forsythia Shrub 1
GEUR Rosaceae Geum urbanum Herb bennet Forb/herb Perennial 4
GLHE2 Lamiaceae Glechoma hederacea Ground ivy Forb/herb Perennial Facultative Upland 3
GYEL Caryophyllaceae Gypsophila elegans Showy baby's breath Forb/herb Annual 1
 Growth
Symbol Family Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Duration Wetland Records
GYMU Caryophyllaceae Gypsophila muralis Low baby's breath Forb/herb Annual 5
HEAMA Asteraceae Helenium amarum Bitter sneezeweed Forb/herb Annual 3
Facultative
HEFL Asteraceae Helenium flexuosum Purplehead sneezeweed Forb/herb Perennial Wetland 1
HEFU Liliaceae Hemerocallis fulva Orange daylily Forb/herb Perennial Facultative Upland 58
Hemerocallis
HELI4 Liliaceae lilioasphodelus Yellow daylily Forb/herb Perennial 5
HIAU Asteraceae Hieracium aurantiacum Orange hawkweed Forb/herb Perennial 217
HIMU Asteraceae Hieracium murorum Wall hawkweed Forb/herb Perennial 43
HIPI2 Asteraceae Hieracium piloselloides Tall hawkweed Forb/herb Perennial 5
HYTEF Crassulaceae Hylotelephium telephium Witch's moneybags Forb/herb Perennial 42
HYPE Clusiaceae Hypericum perforatum Common st. johnswort Forb/herb Perennial Facultative Upland 175
Facultative
IMCA Balsaminaceae Impatiens capensis Jewelweed Forb/herb Annual Wetland 1
JUCO Juncaceae Juncus compressus Roundfruit rush Graminoid Perennial Obligate Wetland 2
Facultative
JUEN Juncaceae Juncus ensifolius Swordleaf rush Graminoid Perennial Wetland 15
LAGA2 Lamiaceae Lamium galeobdolon Yellow archangel Forb/herb Perennial 2
LAMA Lamiaceae Lamium maculatum Spotted henbit Forb/herb Perennial 14
LACO3 Asteraceae Lapsana communis Common nipplewort Forb/herb Annual Facultative Upland 211
LALA4 Fabaceae Lathyrus latifolius Perennial pea Forb/herb Perennial 19
LASY Fabaceae Lathyrus sylvestris Flat pea Forb/herb Perennial 27
LECAC7 Lamiaceae Leonurus cardiaca Common motherwort Forb/herb Perennial 6
LEVU Asteraceae Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy Forb/herb Perennial Facultative Upland 2
LESU49 Asteraceae Leucanthemum xsuperbum Shasta daisy Forb/herb Perennial 3
LILA8 Liliaceae Lilium lancifolium Tiger lily Forb/herb Perennial 2
LIVU2 Scrophulariaceae Linaria vulgaris Butter and eggs Forb/herb Perennial 45
LOCO6 Fabaceae Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot trefoil Forb/herb Perennial Facultative 29
LUPO2 Fabaceae Lupinus polyphyllus Bigleaf lupine Forb/herb Perennial Facultative 313
LYPU2 Primulaceae Lysimachia punctata Large yellow loosestrife Forb/herb Perennial Obligate Wetland 2
MATO6 Rosaceae Malus toringo Toringo crab Shrub Perennial 1
MAMO2 Malvaceae Malva moschata Musk mallow Forb/herb Perennial 18
MEOF Fabaceae Melilotus officinalis Yellow sweet clover Forb/herb Annual Facultative Upland 23
Facultative
MEAQ Lamiaceae Mentha aquatica Water mint Forb/herb Perennial Wetland 2
Facultative
MEAR4 Lamiaceae Mentha arvensis Wild mint Forb/herb Perennial Wetland 8
MEGR2 Lamiaceae Mentha gracilis Gingermint Forb/herb Perennial 32
 Growth
Symbol Family Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Duration Wetland Records
MISA Poaceae Miscanthus sacchariflorus Amur silvergrass Graminoid Perennial 3
MUBO Liliaceae Muscari botryoides Common grape hyacinth Forb/herb Perennial 1
MYOSO Boraginaceae Myosotis Forget-me-not Forb/herb 135
MYAR Boraginaceae Myosotis arvensis Field forget-me-not Forb/herb Annual Facultative Upland 15
MYAQ Caryophyllaceae Myosoton aquaticum Giantchickweed Forb/herb Perennial Facultative 31
NAMI2 Brassicaceae Nasturtium microphyllum Onerow yellowcress Forb/herb Perennial Obligate Wetland 4
NAOF Brassicaceae Nasturtium officinale Watercress Forb/herb Perennial Obligate Wetland 7
NECA2 Lamiaceae Nepeta cataria Catnip Forb/herb Perennial Facultative Upland 1
ORVU Lamiaceae Origanum vulgare Oregano Forb/herb Perennial 2
PATE11 Buxaceae Pachysandra terminalis Japanese pachysandra Forb/herb Perennial 4
POPE3 Polygonaceae Persicaria maculosa Spotted ladysthumb Forb/herb Annual 1
PHTO7 Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus tomentosus Fuzzy mock orange Shrub Perennial 1
PHPA9 Polemoniaceae Phlox paniculata Fall phlox Forb/herb Perennial Facultative Upland 26
PIAB Pinaceae Picea abies Norway spruce Tree Perennial 1
PINU Urticaceae Pilea nummulariifolia Creeping charlie Forb/herb Perennial Facultative 1
PISY Pinaceae Pinus sylvestris Scots pine Tree Perennial 2
POBU Poaceae Poa bulbosa Bulbous bluegrass Graminoid Perennial 1
POCO Poaceae Poa compressa Canada bluegrass Graminoid Perennial Facultative Upland 4
PONEI2 Poaceae Poa nemoralis Inland bluegrass Graminoid Perennial 6
POPRA6 Poaceae Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass Graminoid Perennial 69
POHY Polygonaceae Polygonum hydropiper Marshpepper knotweed Forb/herb Annual 11
POPE3 Polygonaceae Polygonum persicaria Spotted ladysthumb Forb/herb Annual 6
POARA3 Rosaceae Potentilla argentea Silver cinquefoil Forb/herb Perennial 2
PORE5 Rosaceae Potentilla recta Sulphur cinquefoil Forb/herb Perennial 1
PUDIB Poaceae Puccinellia distans Weeping alkaligrass Graminoid Perennial 15
RARE3 Ranunculaceae Ranunculus repens Creeping buttercup Forb/herb Perennial Facultative 663
RIRU80 Grossulariaceae Ribes rubrum Cultivated currant Shrub Perennial 9
ROSY Brassicaceae Rorippa sylvestris Creeping yellowcress Forb/herb Perennial Obligate Wetland 5
ROMA81 Rosaceae Rosa majalis Double cinnamon rose Subshrub Perennial 1
RORU Rosaceae Rosa rugosa Rugosa rose Subshrub Perennial Obligate Upland 1
ROSP2 Rosaceae Rosa spinosissima Scotch rose Subshrub Perennial 9
RUAC3 Polygonaceae Rumex acetosella Common sheep sorrel Forb/herb Perennial Facultative Upland 4
RULO2 Polygonaceae Rumex longifolius Dooryard dock Forb/herb Perennial Facultative 15
RUOB Polygonaceae Rumex obtusifolius Bitter dock Forb/herb Perennial Facultative 51
Facultative
SAAL2 Salicaceae Salix alba White willow Tree Perennial Wetland 2
SAPE12 Salicaceae Salix babylonica Weeping willow Shrub Perennial Facultative 330
 Growth
Symbol Family Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Duration Wetland Records
SAFR Salicaceae Salix fragilis Crack willow Tree Perennial Facultative 21
SAPE4 Salicaceae Salix pentandra Laurel willow Tree Perennial 4
Wisconsin weeping
SAPE12 Salicaceae Salix xpendulina willow Shrub Perennial Facultative 91
SARU3 Salicaceae Salix xrubens Hybrid crack willow Tree Perennial 25
SAOF4 Caryophyllaceae Saponaria officinalis Bouncingbet Forb/herb Perennial Obligate Upland 1
SCSI2 Liliaceae Scilla siberica Siberian squill Forb/herb Perennial 74
SEVA4 Fabaceae Securigera varia Crownvetch Forb/herb Perennial 12
SEAC Crassulaceae Sedum acre Goldmoss stonecrop Forb/herb Perennial 2
SEKA Crassulaceae Sedum kamtschaticum Orange stonecrop Forb/herb Perennial 9
SEJA Asteraceae Senecio jacobaea Stinking willie Forb/herb Perennial 5
SEFA Poaceae Setaria faberi Japanese bristlegrass Graminoid Annual Obligate Upland 1
SEVIM Poaceae Setaria viridis Green bristlegrass Graminoid Annual 2
SIAR Caryophyllaceae Silene armeria Sweet william silene Forb/herb Annual 121
SODU Solanaceae Solanum dulcamara Climbing nightshade Forb/herb Perennial Facultative 3
SORUA Asteraceae Solidago rugosa Wrinkleleaf goldenrod Forb/herb Perennial 4
SOARA2 Asteraceae Sonchus arvensis Perennial sow thistle Forb/herb Perennial 6
SOSO2 Rosaceae Sorbaria sorbifolia False spiraea Shrub Perennial 8
SOAU Rosaceae Sorbus aucuparia European mountain ash Shrub Perennial 3
SPVA2 Rosaceae Spiraea xvanhouttei Vanhoutte spirea Shrub Perennial 5
STMEM Caryophyllaceae Stellaria media Common chickweed Forb/herb Annual 3
SYOF Boraginaceae Symphytum officinale Common comfrey Forb/herb Perennial 4
SYVU Oleaceae Syringa vulgaris Common lilac Shrub Perennial 1
TAPA6 Asteraceae Tanacetum parthenium Feverfew Forb/herb Perennial 1021
TRAR4 Fabaceae Trifolium arvense Rabbitfoot clover Forb/herb Annual 2
TRPR2 Fabaceae Trifolium pratense Red clover Forb/herb Biennial Facultative Upland 15
TRRE3 Fabaceae Trifolium repens White clover Forb/herb Perennial Facultative 1
VETH Scrophulariaceae Verbascum thapsus Common mullein Forb/herb Biennial Facultative Upland 43
VEBE Scrophulariaceae Veronica beccabunga European speedwell Forb/herb Perennial Obligate Wetland 1
VECH Scrophulariaceae Veronica chamaedrys Germander speedwell Forb/herb Perennial Obligate Upland 58
PSLO6 Scrophulariaceae Veronica longifolia Longleaf speedwell Forb/herb Perennial 3
VEOFO Scrophulariaceae Veronica officinalis Common gypsyweed Forb/herb Perennial 15
VIDED4 Caprifoliaceae Viburnum dentatum Southern arrowwood Shrub Perennial 1
VIOPA2 Caprifoliaceae Viburnum opulus European cranberrybush Shrub Perennial 7
VICRC Fabaceae Vicia cracca Cow vetch Forb/herb Perennial 1
VIMI2 Apocynaceae Vinca minor Common periwinkle Forb/herb Perennial 36
VILA18 Vitaceae Vitis labruscana Kyoho grapevine Vine Facultative Upland 1