PULVERIZED USED TILES AS AN ADDITIVE FOR PLASTERING

What is plastering?

Plastering is the process of covering rough walls and uneven surfaces in the construction of
houses and other structures with a plastic material, called plaster, which is a mixture of lime or cement
concrete and sand along with the required quantity of water.

REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD PLASTER

1. It should adhere to the background and should remain adhered during all climatic changes.

2. It should be cheap and economical.

3. It should be hard and durable.

4. It should be possible to apply it during all weather conditions.

5. It should effectively check the entry or penetration of moisture from the surfaces.

6. It should possess good workability.

Objective of plastering

1. To provide an even, smooth, regular, clean and durable finished surface with improved
appearance.
2. To conceal defective workmanship.
3. To preserve and protect the surface.
4. To provide a base for the decorative finish.
5. To cover up the use of inferior quality and porous materials of the masonry work.

METHODS OF PLASTERING

The plaster may be applied in one or more coats, but the thickness of a single coat should not exceed 12
mm. In the case of inferior or cheaper type of construction, the plaster may usually be one coat. For
ordinary type of construction, the plaster is usually applied in two coats, whereas for superior type of
works it is applied in three coats. The final setting coat should not be applied until the previous coat is
almost dry. The previous surface should be scratched or roughened before applying the next coat of
plaster. In plastering, the plaster mix is either applied by throwing it with great force against the walls or
by pressing it on the surface. (Gopi, 2010)

PLASTERING

Applying mortar coats on the surfaces of walls, columns, ceiling etc. to get smooth finish is termed as
plastering. Mortar used for plastering may be lime mortar, cement mortar or lime-cement mortar. Lime
mortar used shall have fat lime to sand ratio of 1: 3 or 1: 4. If hydraulic lime is used mix proportion (lime:
sand) is 1: 2. Cement mortar of 1: 4 or 1: 6 mix is very commonly used for plastering, richer mix being
used for outer walls. To combine the cost effectiveness of lime mortar and good quality of cement
mortar many use lime-cement mortar of proportion (cement: lime: sand) of 1: 1: 6 or 1: 1: 8 or 1: 2: 8.

The objective of plastering are:

1. To conceal defective workmanship

2. To give smooth surface to avoid catching of dust.

3. To give good look.

4. To protect the wall from rain water and other atmospheric agencies.

5. To protect surfaces against vermin.

Requirement of good plaster are:

1. It should adhere to the background easily.

2. It should be hard and durable.

3. It should prevent penetration by moisture

4. It should be cheap.

Lime mortar is usually applied in 3 coats while cement mortar is applied in two or three coats for the
stone and brick masonry. For concrete surfaces cement mortar may be applied in two or three coats. For
concrete building blocks many times only one coat of cement mortar is applied.

The first coat provides means of getting level surface. The final coat provides smooth surface. If three
coats are used second coat is known as floating coat. The average thickness of first coat is 10 to 15 mm.
Middle coat thickness is 68 mm. The final coat is just 2 to 3 mm thick. If single coat is used its thickness
is kept between 6 to 12 mm. Such coats are used on concrete surfaces not exposed to rain. (Bhavikatti,
2010)

Questions:

Most economical type of plaster?

Does the addition of pulverized used tiles improve the performance of lime mortar for specific
applications?

Which properties of lime plaster are adhered by pulverized used tiles, and what possible mechanisms
are involved?

What are the potential applications of pulverized used tiles -modified lime mortar for architectural
conservation?

Testing and Results

5.1. Summary of critical properties and test procedures

5.2. Water retention

5.3. Stiffening rate

5.4. Shrinkage

5.5. Evaporation curve

5.6. Hydrostatic weighing

5.7. Capillary absorption

5.8. Water vapor transmission

5.9. Flexural strength

5.10. Adhesion

5.11. Freeze /Thaw

5.12. Salt crystallization

5.13. Carbonation

Methodology

1.) Water retention (pg. 149: fulltext.pdf)

Test Procedure

ASTM C 91 Standard Test Method for Physical Testing of Hydraulic Cements, Section 25, Water
Retention (modified)

Purpose

To determine the effect of wood ash upon the water retention of lime plaster

Change: To determine the effect of pulverized used tiles upon the water retention of lime plaster

And so on

The art of covering the surface of masonry work with a suitable material is called plastering. A fine paste
of mortar made by mixing cement with sand or fat lime with sand in addition to sufficient quantity of
water is called plaster. https://www.iamcivilengineer.com/2017/03/plastering-and-its-types.html

Difference between Mortar & Plaster

Mortars are used in masonry for joining stones, bricks, blocks etc. and plasters are used for rendering on
the outside and inside of walls. The differences between mortar and plaster lie in the capacity of
plasters to take better finish, which depend to a very large extent on the type of sand used in the mix.
For plasters we use finer sand. However the term mortar is also used loosely to refer to both plasters
and mortar. http://civilblog.org/2014/10/30/what-is-the-difference-between-mortar-plaster/
Differences between Mortar and Plaster

Mortar Plaster

1.Mortar is the paste made 1.Plaster is thin coat of various

of mixing cementing and inert
material with water.
2.Mortar is the ingredient
of plaster
composition of mortar which is
applied both external and internal
surfaces of walls, ceiling, clolumns etc.
2.Plaster is the applied work of mortar.