INFRASTRUCTURE

DEVELOPMENT &
THE ROLE OF THE
GOVERNMENT
Presented to You
By:
Pratik Kulkarni 109
Avanti Phadke 102 Roshan Nair 100
Reema Redkar 108 Kelvin Santis 99
Nikita Rastogi 107 Subodh Mayekar
Neha Upadhyay 106 101
Jai Varadkar 105 Denis Mathai 80
Shruti Khase 104 Kunal Tamse 103
Shamika Rane 96 Pranav Kadam 71
Avinash Tilekar
Introduction :

Infrastructure is the basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a
society or enterprise, or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function. The
term typically refers to the technical structures that support a society, such as roads, water
supply, sewers, power grids, telecommunications ,and so forth. Viewed functionally,
infrastructure facilitates the production of goods and services; for example, roads enable the
transport of raw materials to a factory, and also for the distribution of finished products
to markets. In some contexts, the term may also include basic social services such as schools and
hospitals. In military parlance, the term refers to the buildings and permanent installations
necessary for the support, redeployment, and operation of military forces.

The importance of infrastructure for sustained economic development is well recognized. High
transactions costs arising from inadequate and inefficient infrastructure can prevent the economy
from realizing its full growth potential regardless of the progress on other fronts covering
transportation, power and communication through its backward and forward linkages facilitates
growth; social infrastructure including water supply, sanitation, sewage disposal, education and
health, which are in the nature of primary services, has a direct impact on the quality of life. The
visible signs of shortfalls in capacity and inefficiencies include increasingly congested roads,
power failures; long-waiting lists for installation of telephones and a shortage of drinking water
illustrate the widening gap between demand and supply of infrastructure and also raise questions
concerning the sustainability of economic growth in future.

With the current GDP growth of 8%, in which there is contribution of nearly 51% from services
and 16% from manufacturing sector there is a need for proper alignment of resources. To sustain
this growth India needs to develop sound infrastructure so that the right input of skilled, qualified
and socially contented labor; visible and reliable supply chains; prompt and accurate information
for decision making; efficient process and updated technology can be given to the operations of
manufacturing and services.

The need to provide world class infrastructure that keeps pace with 8 per cent economic growth
is clear. City roads are choked with traffic, power cuts are a fact of life and passengers are
routinely delayed as booming air travel tests airport capacity.

Analysts say the infrastructure sector as a whole needs to grow 8 per cent a year, instead of 5 per
cent at the moment, to meet the government's vision of even higher growth, more jobs and better
basic living conditions for 260 million poor. Therefore there is a need to holistic approach to
look in to infrastructure from the industrial perspective to enhance the quality of inputs to the
operations of the company.

Infrastructure output growth for the first month of the new financial year has come in at a healthy
6.7 per cent as compared to 6 per cent for the same month of previous year. The growth rate for
April is higher than the average monthly rates reported for the previous 3 months, but lower than
8.7 per cent reported for March 2006. The new economic policies aimed at stepping up economic
growth, improving market efficiency and competitiveness, and integrating the Indian economy
with global markets have already placed a heavy demand on all types of urban infrastructure
services. The resulting bottlenecks are beginning to pose serious impediments to enhancing
productivity. Urban infrastructure includes water supply and sanitation which are important basic
needs for improvement of the quality of life and enhancement of the productive efficiency of
citizens.

There has been a steady increase in the urban population on account of rapid industrialization,
natural growth and migration from rural areas. This has prompted the working out of alternative
ways of meeting the increasing transport demand given the constraints of land and capital, and
the need to control energy consumption, pollution and accidents.

When it comes to investment, infrastructure sector companies are among the first few names
which come to mind. This has more to do with the fact that there are huge opportunities in this
sector which can be capitalized over the next several years. The present state of India's
infrastructure is considered to be very poor compared to some of the developed and developing
countries in the world. Whether it is roads, bridges, ports, power, railways, airports, urban
infrastructure, water, irrigation or gas transport, each of these segments is in desperate need of
higher investments. The government has also increased the allocation for infrastructure
development in the Union Budget 2010-11.
SCOPE AND CONCEPTS OF
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN
INDIA :

Infrastructure in India

Energy Railways Mining & Metals

Water Roadways Tourism

Oil & Gas Ports & Shipping Telecom

Aviation Social Infrastructure Information

Technology
India Energy Sector :

India Energy Sector fulfils around 90% of the energy requirements in India. The majority of
India energy needs are fulfilled by energy from coal. The inadequacy in the supply of energy is
balanced out by energy imports from other countries. The India energy scenario shows a drift in
the energy balance mainly due to the differed energy sources in India.

The India energy policy states the measures taken by the Government of India to meet all the
energy requirements and deal with the energy crisis India might face if proper energy policy and
energy management is not undertaken.

These include mass energy conservation and efficient use of energy. Also various energy zones
have been demarcated for large-scale energy harvesting and then using it efficiently by energy
conversion to other more usable forms of energy by using various energy conversion devices.

SOURCES OF ENERGY IN INDIA

 The various energy resources used in India include fossil fuels providing petroleum and
natural gas and coal mining that cater to the coal energy demands in India.
 The sun is the source for solar energy that is converted to electrical energy using solar
panels.
 The vast water resources in and around India are utilized by conversion of the kinetic
energy from the flowing water as in waterfalls and the dams built on various rivers into
electric energy.
 The energy of the tides and tidal waves is also utilized for electrical energy harvesting.
 The usage of wind energy comes in the form of windmills and huge wind energy farms
for generation of usable energy forms by transformation of the kinetic energy of the wind
into energy units.
 Other sources of energy in India include biomass energy by burning bio-fuels available
in large quantities owing to the huge domestic cattle population in India.
 Energy is also derived from the vast timber resources of the country. This forms the
wood energy.
 Nuclear energy or atomic energy from radioactive materials has been developed into a
vast industry in itself.
 Geothermal energy is an unlimited natural energy source that utilizes the steam from hot
water springs that acts as energy boosters to drive turbines of power plants.
 The various chemicals are used for chemical energy generation used in batteries.
 Even the hydrogen available in large quantities in the environment has been captured
and utilized as an energy source by reacting hydrogen with oxygen.
ENERGY COMPANIES IN INDIA

The major energy companies in India engaging in mass energy development, transformation and
generation include:

 Reliance Energy India

 Suzlon Energy India
 GE Energy India
 Unitron Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd.
 Goldwyn Limited
 Zenith Birla India Limited

ENERGY POLICY OF INDIA

The India energy policy states that the energy needs to be utilized not just from the conventional
energy resources like the coal, petroleum, natural gas deposits and burning of wood etc. that is
still a perishable source but also from other non-conventional sources like wind, water,
geothermal, biomass etc. The India energy policy act clearly mentions development of newer
energy sources that are more efficient and non-perishable.

The energy policy of India lays stress on the research for finding solutions to the perishing
energy sources and also the skyrocketing energy prices in the country. Special energy labs have
been set up for the development of energy generation and transformation kits for the harvesting
of energy units. The unit conversion of energy has developed into a huge industry that has given
a new definition to the India energy policy.

INDIA ENERGY CONSERVATION

The need of the hour, also mentioned in the energy policy act of India, is conservation of energy.
The energy conservation act 2001 clearly states the large-scale energy consumers will have to
contribute majorly in energy conservations as that is where the maximum energy is being
dumped unused and wastage is seen.

An energy conservation building code has been established for strict adherence of energy
conservation level. All electrical appliances are supposed to meet certain energy performance
standards. A bureau of energy efficiency is also brought into functionality for implementation of
the energy conservation act.
Water Resources in India :

The abundant water resources in India are sufficient for the water supply in whole of India only
if proper and efficient water supply management is adopted. The water infrastructure in India
includes tapping of the available water sources by the water board and department in India,
proper water treatment and purification, water storage facilities with regular cleaning of the
water storage tanks, usage of water, crisis in water supply, water pollution, problems due to
scarcity of water, Indian water policy for water conservation and water harvesting etc.

Water Management Policies of GoI

The Government of India (GoI) has formed various water management systems and authorities
in India. These include Central Water Commission, Central Ground Water Board, National
Water Development Agency, National Projects Construction Corporation Ltd. etc. for efficient
water resources management. The policies thus formulated include Irrigation Management
Policy, National Policy Guidelines to allocate water resources like rivers flowing through
multiple states, National Commission for Integrated Water Resources Development Plan, Water
Information Bill, River Basin Organization Policy, and many more. Various water reservoir
projects were also taken up by the Ministry of Water Resources like construction and
management of dams on various rivers.

Water Conservation:

The Indian government provided the masses with adequate water supply but the management of
the water supply systems wasn't undertaken efficiently this has resulted in deteriorating condition
of the water supply network. Thus majority is forced to pump out ground water to fulfill the
water requirements that has in turn created a huge drop in the ground water levels.
Thus an effective strategy for water conservation is the need of the hour. The steps taken in this
regard include water treatment plants, water pollution control so as to keep the water resources
safe for other usage, careful scrutiny of water supply division and projects. The water supply
department by adopting timely conservation methods can help solve the water shortage problem
in India and deal with the ongoing water crisis in India.

Rainwater harvesting can also provide a solution to the water crisis in India. , Many areas in
India receive plenty rainfall and thus creating huge rainwater harvesting water tanks can help is
accumulation of natural water & then after some treatment can be utilized as a drinking water
substitute.
Water Purification Industry

Large-scale water treatment is being undertaken so as to utilize the existing water resources to an
optimum level. Water purification has become an industry in itself. The water purification
industry in India deals in improving water quality standards of drinking water, management and
treatment of ground water, bottling of mineral water available in various parts of the country and
providing this bottled water throughout India as a safe drinking water solution. The major water
treatment plants owners and water treatment companies in India products in the bottled water
industry include Kinley, Bisleri, Aquafina, and Kingfisher etc.

Water Reservoir Dams and Projects:

As a solution to the water crisis in India, the government took up building of huge dams and
water reservoirs that provided multiple solutions. The dams build on various rivers provided
safety against the floods that used to frequent these rivers, effective use of natural water
resource, providing irrigation facilities to the surrounding field and farms and also in the
production of hydroelectricity.
Oil and Gas India :

Oil and Gas Industry in India is a 110 billion USD industry (as in March '2007). The India oil &
gas demand ranks it sixth in the world. Nearly 70% of the petroleum oil requirements of India
are met by the imports. This is a matter of concern for the Indian Government as it might lead to
oil crisis in India. To tackle this, large-scale oil and gas exploration and drilling is being
undertaken.

OIL & GAS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

The oil and gas history in India dates back to 1867, with the discovery of oil deposits in Makum,
near Margherita, Assam. The oil and gas sector in India has since witnessed the birth of
numerous oil and gas companies. In India, the oil and gas industry jobs attract huge labor force.
With the inset of bigger players into the oil & gas sector in India engaging in mass oil & gas
production, the oil & gas prices have been revised although still in the unaffordable segment for
many.

A rapid increase is also seen in the demand of oil & gas exploration and drilling equipment and
services. The oil & gas fields both onshore and offshore provide mass employment opportunities
and also contribute in a wholesome way in increasing the oil & gas reserves of India. Despite of
new finds in oil & gas wells, increase in the drilling operations, advancement in oil extraction
methods, pumps and machine and other equipments and technology, the costs have not come
down. The oil & gas prices are still a matter of utmost concern for the Government of India.

OIL & GAS COMPANIES IN INDIA

Public Sector Undertakings (PSU's):

 ONGC - Oil & Natural Gas Corp (exploration and production)

 OIL - Oil India Limited (exploration & production)
 IOC - Indian Oil Corporation (refining & marketing)

Private Oil & Gas companies in India

 RIL - Reliance Industries Limited (Indian Oil & gas company)

 ESSAR (Indian Oil & Gas company)
 Chevron Oil Limited
 Shell Oil
 BP
 An achievement that deserves mention here is that five of the Indian oil & gas companies
are listed in Global Fortune 500.

OIL & GAS REFINING IN INDIA

India oil refining capacity is the sixth largest in the world. India is soon emerging as a leading
exporter of refined petroleum products in the world. India has around 6000 Kms of product
pipelines along with over 34, 600 Government of India (GOI) owned retail outlets.

Oil refining is an industrial process of processing crude oil into petroleum products that have
wider usage. The petroleum products obtained by oil refining are Gasoline or Petrol, Kerosene,
Diesel, Fuel Oil, Asphalt, Paraffin Wax, Lubricating Oil, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) etc.
These products by the oil & gas exploration and production companies in India have a wide
market world over.

INDIA OIL & GAS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS

An analysis report of the oil & gas industry in India shows the stagnation in the current oil
production and extraction processes diverting towards deepwater offshore drilling for finding
newer oil & gas reserves where the drawback is lack of technical expertise in India. Also there's
an acute shortage of skilled labor force, latest drilling equipments and machines.

However, the solutions to these problems can come in the form of foreign collaborations for
better technology especially in deepwater drilling and extraction processes. Special training
institutes need to be set-up for providing skilled labor for technical exploration services. Foreign
collaborations will bring the necessary finance to such projects. Also world-level profession
practices like optimum use of the available resources and equipments at the lowest possible costs
and proper oil & gas waste regulation methods will pave way for further growth and
development of oil & gas industry in India.
Aviation Industry In India :

Aviation Industry in India traces back its History to 1912, with first flight from Karachi to Delhi
started by Indian State Air Services and Imperial Airways UK collaboration. Actually it was just
an extension of the London-Karachi flight by imperial airways.

However the actual instigation of India Aviation Industry was in the form of Tata Airline by
JRD Tata in 1932. He was also the first Indian to get an A-License. In 1946, Tata Airlines was
transformed into Air India. At the dawn of independence, India had nine air transport companies
providing both cargo and passenger services.
In 1953, the Government of India nationalized all existing airline assets and formed Indian
Airline Corporation for domestic air services along with Air India International for international
air services. Until, 1991, these two companies played monopoly in India. It was only in this year
that private airlines were allotted the 'air taxi scheme', under which they could operate chartered
and non-scheduled services for uplift of Indian tourism. In 1994, as a result of a repeal of the air
corporation act, private airline companies obtained permission to operate scheduled air services.

Indian Aviation Industry witnessed a major change in 2003, when Air Deccan introduced budget
flying by lowering down the fares to mere 17% of what the other airlines were charging. Now
the list includes Spice Jet, Go Airways and Kingfisher Air. 'All-business class airline' Paramount
Airways also belongs to this group. These budget airlines have taken up the major Indian
Aviation Industry market share. They have established newer trends in the aviation industry.

An Overview of the Aviation Industry of India gives us three main categories for the Aviation
Industry analysis. These include:

o Airlines in India: Aviation Industry of India and airlines in India are managed by the
Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India. All domestic and international airlines
are supposed to obtain license from the ministry. Ten major domestic airlines came
together to form FIA (Federation of Indian Airlines) to deal with Indian Aviation
Industry challenges in domestic segment and establish newer trends in the aviation
industry of India.
o Airports in India: In order to establish international standards in operational, terminal
and cargo services, the International Airports Authority of India was fused with National
Airports Authority to ascertain Airports Authority of India (AAI). The airports authority
is responsible for all infrastructure related and aviation industry market related tasks. All
airports in India are managed by the Airports Authority of India.
o Aviation Schools in India: The aviation industry India provides highly lucrative careers
and thus is a major attraction amongst the youth of India. For professional training of
these enthusiasts, various aviation schools and aviation academy are present in different
parts of the country. They provide commercial pilot training. For this you need to obtain
 Student Pilot License (SPL) and after the completion of your training, a Commercial Pilot
License (CPL) is required.

For Aviation Industry Growth in the domestic airports infrastructure, Federation of Indian
Airlines (FIA) was formed. The federation has the main aim of establishing a forecast of all time
highest growth in the domestic Aviation Industry India. The future outlook of the Indian
Aviation Industry depends majorly on the various aviation schools operational in the country.
The aviation industry research undertaken by the Ministry of Civil Aviation can ensure
technological advances.

Aviation industry conferences and expo are held regularly that give detailed reports of the
various events in the aviation industry in India, the advantages for the Indian aviation industry,
the various aviation industry jobs and employment opportunities available. Aviation industry
report analysis helps in solving the various aviation industry problems.
Indian Railways :
Indian Railways have a history of glory instigating from the pre-independence era in the year
1853. Railways in India is the largest railway network in Asia. Indian railways has both long
distance and short distance rail systems covering the entire length and breadth of the country
from major cities like New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Pune, Bangalore to
less connected areas like Guwahati in the north east, Kachchh in the west, from Kashmir in the
north to Kerala in the south.

The first of the Indian railways passenger trains was the one covering a distance of 21 miles
between Bombay (Mumbai now) and Thane. Since then many rail companies emerged in India
and in 1907, the government nationalized almost all railways companies. A large chunk of the
Indian railways network went to Pakistan during partition.

The Indian railways are the responsibility of the ministry of railways a government of India
ministry. In the recent few years with the introduction of many special trains for easier passenger
load and also cargo trains have increased the passenger freight in the Indian railways. This has
shown a surprising rise in the revenues earned by the Indian railways.
The Indian railways provides Indian railways website with online ticket booking facility. On the
official website of Indian railways you can find information about railways time table, online
ticket booking facility by checking the accommodation and reservation availability, arrivals info,
trains schedules, PNR status enquiry, details of the particular train timetable, route and special
trains available and many such facilities.

Indian railways gov.in is the official site of Indian railways that besides the online ticket
reservation facility provides customer care and enquiry services that provide info on special
trains like Garib Rath, holiday special, Rajdhani express, Shatabdi express, link express,
Sampark Kranti Trains etc. for the convenience of the customers. Also check availability of seats
in the passenger trains and availability of luggage space in cargo trains. Login to the Indian
Railways website homepage and get the Indian railways enquiry counter right here on your
desktop.

Railways India stations in metro cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Pune,
Hyderabad etc have special reservation and voice enquiry counters that provide info on the fare
and freight of Indian railways. Special Indian railways helpline numbers are also available to
provide info on local trains, passenger trains, new trains, special trains, cargo trains and other
information regarding the station codes, train schedules, trains time table, waiting list, Indian
railways map and other such issues.
Roadways in India :

Roadways in India are like the thread binding the topographical variations in India. The road
network of India has proven its efficiency by providing its infrastructural contribution to the
growth of the Indian economy. India is a land of diversities and the Indian roads act as a national
integration force providing the necessary adhesive for bringing the people from all corners
together as easily as possible.

The road transport system of India is one of the most widespread networks. It spans the entire
nation in the form of small pagdandis, ring roads, flyovers, highways, expressways and freeways.
The roadways travel has developed into an infrastructure strength that has given the Indian
economy the necessary backbone support.

The road network in India especially in the more remote areas helps in the development of these
regions by connecting them to nearby cities making the modern day facilities more accessible to
them. Roadways of India has helped enhance the productivity of certain areas and contributed to
the evolving of a more competitive infrastructure and economy on a world level.

Road transport in India or roadways transport contributes to 60% freight or cargo transport and
80% passenger transport of India. These include roadways buses, roadways express services,
transport both public and commercial systems and others. Special buses of Indian roadways
equipped with automated speed enforcement systems are gaining popularity and also the
attention of various state governments owing to the rising cases of road accidents due to
uncontrolled speeds of the roadways buses.

Various websites provide Indian road maps that give you the exact India road distances and some
sites also provide India road distance calculator that gives you a clearer idea of the distance you
would be traveling. Road transportation in India is a state government entity with individual
roadways enquiry systems per state.

The various modes of transportation in India and the road infrastructure in India are under the
management and administration of the respective state or union territory governments. The
exception is the national highways that is the Central Government responsibility and managed by
the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).

The national highways contribute to a mere 2% of the road infrastructure of India, but carry the
roadways freight of over 40%. There are 259 national highways in India covering over 52, 000
Km distance.
Indian shipping industry :
Indian shipping industry consists of shipping services by various shipping companies in India,
ports in India, management of container shipping, local and international cargo or freight
shipping, vessel shipping, bulk shipping and other maritime shipping services along with
transport services both global and inland water transport.

SHIPPING PORTS IN INDIA

The Indian coastline stretches to over 6000 Kms with 12 major ports and 181 minor and medium
ports. Over 90% of India's international trade is handled by the Indian ports. The major ports in
India are handled by the Ports Trust of India (PTI) that is a Central Government undertaking.
The respective state governments manage the operational (139) minor ports of India. The port
infrastructure of India although being updated is still insufficient considering the freight and
cargo shipping traffic on the shipping ports in India.

o Major Ports in India:The major ports in India managed by the Ports Trust of India are
located at Kolkata (previously Calcutta), Haldia, Cochin, Chennai, Ennore, Nhava Sheva
(Jawaharlal Nehru Port), Kandla, Mumbai, Mormugao, New Mangalore, Tuticorin,
Paradwip and Vishakhapatnam. Largest port in India is the Jawaharlal Nehru Port at
Nhava Sheva that handles around 50% of the total port traffic in India.
o Port Cities in India: The cities in India where the major and minor ports are located
witness the centralization of the daily life around the shipping ports in the city as it is the
local shipping industry or rather the local shipping companies that give then shipping
jobs. The regional set-up revolves around the ports and shipping infrastructure. The cities
included are Vishakhapatnam, Vijaydurg, Surat, Ratnagiri, Porbandar, Panaji, Paradip,
Nhava Sheva, Mangalore, Machilipatnam, Lothal, Kochi, Kandla, Haldia, Bhavnagar and
others.
o Indian Ports Authority: The shipping ports in India are managed by various authorities
and associations taking care of different aspects. The organizations deserving mention in
this respect include the Ports Trust of India, Central Authority for Ports in India and
Indian Ports Association. The Central government that collectively handles all the major
ports in India provides all the necessary info on the shipping ports in India including
detailed Indian ports map, maps of Indian port cities, and addresses of the local Indian
Ports Association in case of minor Indian port. The Indian Ports Act by the India
Government urges the Indian shipping industry to strictly implement the International
Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code for ports security and also the security of all
the outgoing global cargo and freight.
SHIPPING INDUSTRY IN INDIA:

The Indian shipping industry has a total capacity of 6.62 million tons from the strength of a total
616 ships consisting of 258 ships for international cargo shipping and rest for inland freight and
passenger services. Shipping in India suffered a setback in the late nineties but since then has
gained a substantial growth in the capacity and number of ships. The ships in India include tugs,
survey vessels, towing vessels and pilot vessels. These belong to the maritime shipping
companies.

o Shipping Companies in India: The major players in the Indian shipping sector include
Shipping Corporation of India (SCI) that is a government owned shipping company
providing both coastal and overseas mixed-fleet services, Great Eastern Shipping that is a
private shipping company also offering mixed-fleet cargo and freight services, Essar
Shipping engaging in shipping tanker services, Chowgule Shipping covering bulk cargo
services including iron ore, coal, fertilizers and grain and Varun Shipping dealing in wet,
dry, gas and chemical transport.

o Shipping Logistics: Marine shipping or ocean shipping in India is the backbone of the
international trade in India. The shipping transportation of cargo both bulk and light has
given a development platform to India that has made India equivalent to shipping
business of Hong Kong, China, Singapore and other Asian shipping centres. Indian
shipping news shows advent of newer shipping companies in India along the shipping
lines. The container ports area in India have developed infrastructure equivalent to the
major metro cities like Mumbai, Chennai and Delhi. Indian Shipping Summit is held at
regular intervals to provide a platform for organized networking of global maritime
shipping business players.
Social Infrastructure in India :

The Social Infrastructure in India includes the education system in India, health care, the
management of the education and health services in India that form the basic social infrastructure
definition. The India government looks after the social development in India by careful
infrastructure planning and handling the social issues in close coordination.

India development is incomplete without social development and that would require focus on the
infrastructure strategy for social research India. The infrastructure policy of India needs to be
made more comprehensive with major changes in the infrastructure projects taken up in the past
and more research behind the project infrastructure so as to yield maximum developmental
results.

The infrastructure research work includes the current issues that require immediate attention in a
proper infrastructure report and then formulation and planning of projects in sync with the
infrastructure industry.

The metro cities in India including Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi and smaller cities in
Maharashtra like Pune and Nagpur have a very well developed economic as well as social
infrastructure. The leading one still remains Goa followed in close second by Kerala. The social
infrastructure in India needs to reach the standards these states have reached individually. The
health and education system of Goa and Kerala is the most developed one in India with the
maximum literacy rates in both general literacy as well as health literacy.

EDUCATION :

Education in India:

Imparting education on an organized basis dates back to the days of 'Gurukul' in India. Since
then the India education system has flourished and developed with the growing needs of the
economy. The education in India statistics are however in a sad state showing a below average
literacy rate. The education ministry in India formulates education policy in India and also
undertakes education programs designed specially for kids, for women, for the people in prisons
and other special projects for social development of India.

Education Institutions India:

Education in India follows the 10+2 pattern. For higher education there are various state run as
well as private institutions and universities providing a variety of courses and subjects. The
accreditation of the universities is decided under the universities grant commission act that has
formed autonomous institutions that have the right to provide accreditation to universities and
'vishwvidyalayas'. The education department consists of various schools, colleges and
universities imparting education on fair means and education for all sections of the society.

Education Problems and Reforms in India:

The main problem of the education system in India is that the targets set by the centre or the
ministry of education to achieve a 100% literacy rate has never been achieved except for Kerala
state. Also the unorganized education sector with many state and national level education boards
operating like the SSLC, ICSE, CBSE, IB and IGCSE having different curriculum and study
patterns provides a non-uniformity to the India education system.

HEALTH :
Health in India is a state government responsibility with the national health policy laying down
the necessary health policy in India. The central council of health and welfare formulates the
various health care projects and health department reform policies. The administration of health
industry in India as well as the technical needs of the health sector are the responsibility of the
ministry of health and welfare India.
India Mining Industry :

India mining industry covers exploration of new minerals and mines, production of mineral
resources from various mines in india, processing of the mineral ores like iron ore, bauxite ore,
manganese ore etc. to obtain the more useful forms like iron, steel, Aluminium, manganese, etc.,
extraction of coal, gold, diamond etc. and economic matters of the india industry of mineral ore
mining, the governmental mining policy, regulatory acts and laws, mining infrastructure of india,
small-scale and mass mining projects, impact of mining jobs on the environment and other
community issues.

Overview of Mining Industry in India:

The mining industry in India includes both metallurgical and mineral mining industries in India
and together they form the backbone of the industrial development of India as they provide the
basic raw materials like coal, petrol, mining minerals, steel, copper, Aluminium metals etc. to the
India manufacturers.

History of Mining in India:

Mining in India is over 6000 years old. The oldest mines in India include lead-zinc mineral
deposits at Zawar, copper deposits at Khetri, and gold deposits in Karnataka. The mining
techniques used back then were much ahead of their time specially the smelting techniques. A
timeless example of the mastery of the old times craftsmen is the Iron Pillar in the Qutab Minar
complex in New Delhi.

Mining Products in India:

India mining products include a total of 84 minerals consisting of 4 fuels, 49 non-metallic

industrial minerals, 11 metallic minerals, and 20 minor minerals. These mined products include:
Aluminium, coal, cobalt, copper, chromium, diamond, gold, iron ore, lead, manganese,
molybdenum, nickel, oil sands, palladium, platinum, silver, tantalum, tin, titanium, tungsten,
uranium, vanadium, zinc, etc.

Role of India Government:

The government of India has different ministries for coal & mines, iron & steel, chemicals &
fertilizers industry, atomic energy, petroleum &natural gas, environment & forests and labor
industry. The survey and exploration of all minerals except petroleum, natural gas & atomic
minerals. The mining industry is the responsibility of the ministry of mines (MoM) India. They
device the mining policy and strategy for non-ferrous metals (Aluminium, Copper, Zinc, Gold,
Nickel etc.) mining jobs.
The sub-ordinate organizations of the ministry of mines include:

o Geological Survey of India (GSI): It conducts scientific surveys and research to locate
mineral resources. GSI makes all the mining maps in India and also provides mines and
mineral resources maps based on the research they do.
o Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM): IBM is responsible for compilation of the mining
exploration data and mineral maps for providing complete info on the new mines and
fields in India. All the statistical information on mining industry in India - the mines,
minerals, metals and the mineral based industries are available with the Indian Bureau of
Mines.

India's contribution in the mineral production in world:

o India is leading producer of mica blocks and mica splitting

o Third largest Chromite producer in the world
o Third in production of coal, lignite and barites
o Fourth largest iron ore producer
o Sixth largest bauxite and manganese ore producer
o Tenth position in Aluminium
o Eleventh position in crude steel production in the world
India Tourism Development :

India Tourism Development Corporation Board is the Government of India subsidiary that looks
after the tourism department in India. All the India tourism statistics, tourism maps, travel guides
(India city guide, India hotels guide), relevant travel info for India tourists, India tour packages to
all holiday spots and other India tourism places related information and development is the
responsibility of the Ministry of Tourism India.

INDIA TOURISM INDUSTRY OVERVIEW:

Indian government sees Tourism as an upcoming industry in India. Even the tourism statistics
show increasing demand of India tours and in the tourism business world over. Tourists' interest
in India is due to the curiosity factor attached to the varied culture of India.

Every year, tourists from all over the globe visit India for vacation as well as spiritual purposes.
The temples in India specially those in the holy cities of Rishikesh, Varanasi (also known as
Kashi or Benaras), Haridwar, Puri, Mathura, Shirdi etc. attract a large crowd of foreign as well as
local tourists.

The architecture in India, rural India, tourism in Indian states, ecotourism packages and mainly
the monuments depicting the history of India attracts numerous enthusiasts visiting India.

TYPES OF TOURISM IN INDIA:

India defines both cultural and topographical diversity and that is also a significant demand in
the tourism industry in India. The tours in India as offered by the tour operators in India are also
as varied. These include:

o Ecotourism: Also known as Nature Tourism is a special tour designed for the
exploration of wildlife and environmental beauty of India. Ecotourism in India includes
wildlife tourism that includes trips to wildlife sanctuaries and national parks; hill stations
like Darjeeling (West Bengal, East India), Munnar (Kerala, South India), Ooty and
Kodaikanal (Tamilnadu, South India), Shillong (Meghalaya, Northeast India), Shimla
(Himachal Pradesh, North India), Nainital, Mussoorie, Rishikesh (Uttaranchal, North
India) and many more; beaches of Goa, Chennai, Kanya Kumari, Andaman Nicobar,
Lakhshadweep and other coastal regions on the west and east coast of India and
adventure tourism as in wild rivers of the Himalayas like white water rafting in
Rishikesh, trekking in Panchgani, jungle safari, desert safari and other adventure tours of
India.
 o Rural Tourism: Majority of India is among the rural category with the sanctity and
subtleness intact in the very essence of the village soil. This pious environment of the
rural India attracts lot of interest among the tourists in India and thus rural tourism is a
fast emerging category.
o Regional tourism: The states in India themselves provide a lot of cultural heritage and
variety. Each and every state tourism board has its own state tourism packages that cover
the entire state and offer a perfect vacation. Individual states like Kerala, Goa, Rajasthan,
Assam, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Haryana, Andhra
Pradesh, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Uttranchal, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and other states offer
wholesome tourism states package deals.
o India City Tour: Certain cities in India themselves are comprehensive tourist
destinations and holiday spots. Many travel packages are centered to these cities. These
include New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Pune, Agra,
Varanasi, Kanpur, Haridwar, and many more.

The official India tourism website hosted by the Ministry of Tourism India is very aptly called
Incredible India or 'Atulaya Bharat'. The tourism variety in terms of tourist destinations,
packages, views and the wholesome experience truly differentiate India and actually make it
incredible to believe that you can get the experience of multiple vacations in a single tour of
India.
Telecom Infrastructure in India :

Telecom infrastructure in India has brought Indian telecom industry in an enviable position, as it
is second amongst the emerging nations of Asia. Indian telecom sector ranks as the fifth largest
world over.

The Indian telecom history begins in 1851 when the British India capital Calcutta (now Kolkata)
witnessed its first operational landlines. However the telephone services came thirty years later
in 1881. In the modern telecom scenario, the major change was the advent of private telecom
business companies. In 1997, the formulation of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
(TRAI) to facilitate the Indian telecom business plan expansion led to increased share of private
telecom companies in the telecom market size of India. In 1999, the new national telecom policy
came with cellular telecom services.

The smooth functioning of Indian telecom market is supervised by a government telecom

regulatory body called the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI). The telecom
regulatory authority of India is a subordinate of the ministry of telecommunications India. The
telecommunication service in India include telephone services, national and international dialing
services, pay phone service, telex and telegraph (both manual & automatic), remote area business
message network based on satellite transmission, email and voice mail facility, cellular mobile
phone, video conferencing, VSAT, internet, and intelligent network services among the major
telecom services and solutions.

The following topics define the Indian telecom industry:

GOVERNMENT ACTS FOR REGULATION OF TELECOM INDUSTRY

The various telecom India related acts by the Department of Telecommunications India are:

 Indian Telegraph Act 1885: This act empowered the government of India to take
control of the existing telegraph lines and lay down the necessary infrastructure for
further expansion of telecommunications in India.
 Indian Telegraph (amendment) Rules 2004: This act set the guidelines for the set up
and development of public telecom services in India.
 Indian Wireless Act 1993: According to this act wireless telecom services could be set
up only after due licensing from the telegraphy authority of India.
 Information Technology Act 2000: The act defines the information technology based
communications in India. Telecom Industry of India was shown e-commerce way
through this act in a legal manner.
  Communication Convergence Bill 2001: This bill declared the establishment of
Communications Commission of India to regulate the transfer of all form of
communication including broadcasting, telecommunications and multimedia.

Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) Act 1997: The act established TRAI for the
regulation of telecom business in India. Further amendments were made in the act as per the
needs of the Indian telecom market that surfaced in the telecom market analysis and research
conducted.

TELECOM SERVICE PROVIDERS IN INDIA

The Indian telecom directory shows two major divisions:

Fixed Service Providers (FSP's): These include the basic service providers that are the state
operators like MTNL India and BSNL India who collectively account to over 90% of the total
basic telecom services and private sector telecom service providers in india who mainly focus on
leased lines, ISDN, videoconferencing and other high-end services.

Cellular Service Providers (CSP's): The cellular services in India are also categorized as GSM
(Global Mobile Communications System) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple access) system.
The leading GSM services providers in the Indian telecom industry 2007 are Hutchison or hutch
(Now Vodafone and known as Orange in Maharashtra), Airtel, Idea Telecom, Tata, and
Reliance. These include both pre-paid and post paid mobile phone cards and services providers.
The leading CDMA providers are still Reliance communications and Tata Indicom with Airtel
and Touchtel just entering the market.

INDIAN TELECOM MARKET NEWS

In 2008, India entered into 3G Mobile arena with the launch of 3G enabled Mobile and Data
services by Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) in Bihar(Patna). BSNL is the first Mobile
operator in India to launch 3G services. After that (MTNL) launched 3G in Mumbai & Delhi.
Government owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) has already been provided with a 3G
license and has been operating its services in 380 cities by the end of March 2010.
Nationwide auction of 3G wireless spectrum in April 2010 was announced. The Auction was a
great success for Government Of India, as it collected triple the amount it was expecting. The
estimation for both 3G and BWA was around Rs 35,000/- Crore ($7.6 billion). Total revenue the
Government collected was nearly Rs 1,06,000 Crore ($23 billion). Private providers are expected
to provide its 3G service from September 2010
IT Infrastructure Management :
IT infrastructure outsourcing services trace their history back to 1974 when Tata Consultancy
Services (TCS) exported their Infotech technologies and services to their US manufacturer. But
the Indian information technology market was not even in the conception stage at that time. The
Infotech markets within India were almost dormant and the governmental policies were hostile
towards private information technology firms.

However in 1984, the Rajiv Gandhi government formulated the New Computer Policy (NCP
1984) that reduced the import tariffs on IT systems like hardware and software to 60% from
135% and the IT industry in India was recognized as a 'delicensed industry' thus opening the
doors of banks and financial institutions towards the information technology services in India.
The NCP also permitted foreign information technology companies to set up their wholly owned
information technology divisions in India for export of Infotech services and solutions.

The information technology infrastructure in India has since then progressed even though it
witnessed a set back in the late eighties when the government turned hostile towards the IT firms
in India and the global Infotech conglomerates were forced to move out of India. Today the
Indian software industry is a multi-billion dollar industry with record number of employment and
recruitment opportunities. The Infotech business systems have solved the job problem of many
Indian professionals. The Infotech careers are among top recruitments in the jobs sector in India.

Information technology in India consists of :

o Software Technology Firms in India: Mascon Computer Services Pvt. Ltd., Shreyan
InfoTech Ltd, iTraitz IT Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Alphanet Computer Services, Blue Star
Infotech Limited, CMC Limited, Citicorp Information Technology Industries Ltd., DSS
Infotech Pvt. Ltd., and many more.
o IT Companies in India: NASSCOM, Hughes Software Systems, Aditi Technologies,
Cognizant Technology Solutions, HCL Technologies, Patni Computer Systems, Polaris
Software Lab Limited, NIIT, Mind Tree, Larsen & Toubro Infotech, Infosys, Infobeans,
IBM India, I-flex Solutions, Samsung India Software, Satyam Computer Services, Tally
Solutions, Tata Consultancy Services, Videsh Sanchar Nigam, Wipro Technologies and
many more.
o IT Enabled Services (ITES) in India: Company finance and accounting, hr services,
transcription or translation services, content development, animation, design and GIS,
information technology engineering and other services including Infotech training in
remote areas, Infotech data search market research, information technology network
management and consultancy services.
o BPO or Business Process Outsourcing Industry of India: Wipro Spectramind, WNS
Group, Daksh e-Services, Convergys, HCL Technologies, Zenta, ICICI Onesource,
MphasiS, EXL, Tracmail, GTL Ltd., vCustomer, HTMT, 24/7 Customer, Sutherland
Technologies and many more.
 o IT Institutes creating Information Technology Professionals: IIT's and IIIT's as the
software engineering training institutes lead the list and for the more technical know-how
we have Aptech, NIIT, Arena Multimedia, CMC Limited, Zed Career Academy, ZAP
Infotech, Wintech, Jetking, SSI, STG, Advanced Computer Training School and many
more.
o IT Hardware manufacturing companies in India: Nimbus Technologies, Unisoft
Peripherals, CCS Infotech Limited, Digiworld Communications, Star Infotech, Lotus
Systems & Services, L G Electronics, Orbit Computer Systems, Powertek, and many
more.

The software industry or Infotech sector of India is prime in metro cities like Bangalore,
Chennai, New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Noida and other cities. Hyderabad is often
referred to as 'Silicon Valley of the East'. With major IT companies based in cities like
Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pune, Noida and Gurgaon, the development of IT parks in these areas is
not anything surprising.

The advancement in information technology in India is updated in the Infotech news in India.
The Infotech news also gives info on the new information technology trends in the market, the
effects of globalization on the information technology growth in India, the information
technology acts, laws or policies of the government, new Infotech companies on the block, latest
research update of the information technology field, the Infotech solutions, services and
resources by various IT companies in India and also about the latest top Infotech company in
India.
 Case study
Introduction :
A premier Warehousing Agency in India, established during 1957 providing logistics support to
the agricultural sector, is one of the biggest public warehouse operators in the country offering
logistics services to a diverse group of clients.

CWC is operating 487 Warehouses across the country with a storage capacity of 10.6 million
tonnes providing warehousing services for a wide range of products ranging from agricultural
produce to sophisticated industrial products.

Warehousing activities of CWC include foodgrain warehouses, industrial warehousing, custom

bonded warehouses, container freight stations, inland clearance depots and aircargo complexes.

Apart from storage and handling, CWC also offers services in the area of clearing & forwarding,
handling & transporation, procurement & distribution, disinfestation services, fumigation
services and other ancillary activities.

CWC also offers consultancy services/ training for the construction of warehousing
infrastructure to different agencies.

Main Purpose :

1. To acquire and build warehouses at suitable places in India and abroad;

2. To run Warehouses for the storage of agricultural produce, seeds, manures, fertilizers,
agricultural implements and notified commodities offered by individuals, cooperative societies
and other institutions;
3. To arrange facilities for transport of agricultural produce, seeds, manures, fertilizers,
agricultural implements and notified commodities to and from Warehouses.
4. To subscribe to the share capital of State Warehousing Corporations;
5. To act as an agent of the Government for the purpose of purchase, sale, storage and
distribution of agricultural produce, seeds, manures, fertilizers, agricultural implements and
notified commodities;
a. Enter into, with the previous approval of the Central Government, joint ventures with
any corporation established by or under any Central Act or any State Act or with any
company formed and registered under the Companies Act, 1956 including foreign
company or through its subsidiary companies, for carrying out the purposes of this Act.
b. Establish subsidiary companies; and
c. Carry out such other functions, as may be prescribed
Revenue :
Central Warehousing Corporation (A Government of India Undertaking) is a Public Sector
Undertaking of Department of Food under the Ministry of Food & Consumer Affairs so all the
revenue earned goes through the government . So all the profit and revenue of Central
Warehousing Corporation goes to government . Government also earns through the other
services offered by CWC other than warehousing

Movement of materials :
The mode of movement of materials is decided by no. of factors like total wight of load , size of
warehouse , size of load etc . If it’s a big warehouse then the automated movement of goods or
semi-automated movement is preffered through the use of cranes , forklift trucks , etc . If it’s a
smaller warehouse then manual movement of goods is preffered with the use of labor available

Capacity of warehouses :
Capacity of each warehouse is decided by studying all d factors such as adequate staging area ,
proper transportation , sufficient loading and unloading docs , availability of space and the most
important demand for warehouse & its proximity to the nearest market

Collaborations with Private Sector :

Central Warehousing Corporation does not have ant collaborations with private sector
organization in the warehousing business. It has enough resources in regards to capital as its well
funded by the government . It also has expertise as its been in operation since 1957 and is is one
of the biggest public warehouse operators in the country offering logistics services to a diverse
group of clients.
Growth Rate :
Central Warehousing Corporation has maintained an impressive 9% growth rate until 2010 and
is expected to retain it & possibly overhaul it in 2010 on increasing demand

Effects of taxation policy :

CST [ Central Sales Tax] being withdrawn would lead to consolidation of warehouses at a few
strategic locations in India.

With CST in place, it is cheaper to have a warehouse [ C&Fs/ Depots] in each state than pay 4%
CST to ship across federal state boundaries. With CST going away, it is no longer pertinent to
have a warehouse [ C&Fs/ Depots] in each state. Warehouses would get consolidated at a few
places in India. Hence the trend towards large warehouses which would come up at few strategic
locations in India.

Trends :
The warehouse industry can look forward to a strong year. While warehouse vacancy rates are
expected to decline, the warehouse management system (WMS) market is set for an upswing . A
new study indicates that warehouse vacancy rates will drop this year because of an expected
"cyclical upturn" in the warehouse and distribution property markets . The outlook is also
positive for the WMS market. After a few slumping years, the market finally appears ready to
rebound because of a number of factors, from a rallying economy to new innovations. "From our
experience and indications from industry, WMS users and purchasers are going to be doing a lot
more shopping in the next year," the improving economy to stimulate capital expenditures in
technology. Additionally, companies will be drawn by the enhanced capabilities of current
systems. "A WMS isn't just a WMS anymore; it's yard management, transportation management,
routing system, etc.," he notes. Moreover, both larger companies and smaller companies are
showing interest in these tools.

Also on the comeback trail is the regional warehouse. In the 1990s, many shippers had
abandoned regional warehousing in favor of more centralized distribution facilities, which
seemed more in keeping with the idea of global supply chains. Now, that trend is reversing, as
more companies choose to decentralize distribution. Several factors are behind this move back to
regional warehousing. For starters, shippers are reconsidering the concept of extended global
supply chains in the wake of recent disturbances caused by weather, labor issues and terrorism.

The increasing importance of inventory velocity is also contributing to the resurgence of regional
warehousing, a strategy which can allow products to move more rapidly. Consumer products
manufacturers are especially concerned about inventory turnover, and it is in this sector that
regional warehousing activity will continue to expand the most substantially

Over the long-term, warehousing space in the India has been on the rise And it seems that this
year, that long-term upward trend will be accompanied by a recovery in warehousing in general,
regional warehousing in particular and the WMS market.

Concessions and Permits :

Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC) operates under the Warehousing Corporation Act,
1962 supported by CWC Rules, 1963, CWC (General) Regulations, 1965 and CWC (Staff)
Regulations, 1986. The CWC is providing Scientific Storage Facilities for more than 400
commodities at 490 number of Warehouses. As a bailee of the stocks stored in its Warehouses,
the Corporation does not grant any permits, concessions and authorizations of any kind to the
public. However, CWC provides rebate on Storage Charges to the bonafide farmers, Co-
operatives & State Civil Supplies Corporations, who bring their food-grain produce to Central
Warehouses for storage. As a quality policy CWC has to reach its customers. As a part of
aggressive thrust under the Quality Policy, rebates are extended to customers/users on certain
criteria such as committed volume of business for a committed period based on market forces.

Subsidy / Rebates :
Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC) operates under the Warehousing Corporation Act,
1962 supported by CWC Rules, 1963, CWC (General) Regulations, 1965 and CWC (Staff)
Regulations, 1986. The CWC is providing Scientific Storage Facilities for more than 400
commodities at 490 number of Warehouses. Under Farmers Extension Service Scheme, Central
Warehousing Corporation provides 30% rebate on Storage Charges to the bonafide farmers. 10%
rebate is given on Storage Charges to the Cooperative Societies for their stocks stored in Central
Warehouses. CWC also provides rebate to State Civil Supplies Corporation upto 10% in Food-
grain and 5% in other commodities.
CONSULTATION WITH, OR REPRESENTATION BY,
THE MEMBERS OF PUBLIC IN RELATION TO THE
FORMULATION OF POLICY OR IMPLEMENTATION
THEREOF :
There is no mechanism in the Corporation for direct consultation with the Members of the public
in relation to the formulation of policy for implementation thereof. Policy matters are decided by
placing the agenda before the Board of Directors / Executive Committee Meetings of Central
Warehousing Corporation and after Board’s/EC’s approval, the proposals are sent to the
Administrative Ministry for final approval.

Services Provided :
Scientific storage and handling services for more than 400 commodities include Agricultural
produce, Industrial raw-materials, finished goods and variety of hygroscopic and perishable
items.

• Scientific Storage Facilities for more than 200 commodities including hygroscopic and
perishable items through network of 487 warehouses in India with its 5,765 trained
personnel.

• Import and Export Warehousing facilities at its 36 Container Freight Stations in ports and
inland stations.

• Bonded Warehousing facilities .

• Disinfestation services.

• Handling, Transportation & Storage of ISO Containers.

CWC’S FORAYS INTO DEVELOPMENT OF RAILSIDE
COMPLEXES :

• Railways has vast network for not only operating passenger trains but also for freight
movement, an imminent need was assessed to augment the utilization level of Railway
transportation system so as to reduce the pressure on road traffic by making it cost
effective and efficient operation for the trade. As such, concept of Rail Side Warehousing
facilities was evolved by the Corporation as value addition to the rail transport system
which extends benefits to the users in avoiding multiple handling of their stocks and
resultant escapable losses on this account; curtailing handling cost and having a hassle
free efficient operation.
• For transforming the concept into tangible shape, CWC successfully developed a pilot
project of Rail Side Warehousing facility at Whitefield, Bangalore in association with
South Western Railway in February 2002 and on the strength of fruitful effect of this
project on the front of increase in traffic/freight revenue and the kind of satisfaction that
trade enjoyed out of it on availing this value added services in the arena of rail
transportation, CWC and Ministry of Railway joined their hand in the avenue of
developing Rail Side Warehousing facilities at 22 strategic locations of Railway Terminal
to provide better services through total logistic solution to Rail users for, not only to
attract additional traffic, but also to provide a cost beneficial and efficient transport cum
storage service to the trade under single window concept.
• Under the purview of MoU entered between MoR and CWC, the Corporation has
commenced the expansion of RWC facilities at Whitefiled, Bangalore to meet even
growing demand of users. The Corporation has started construction of RWC facilities at
Nishatpura (Bhopal) - West Central Railway; Shakurbasti (Delhi); Alamnagar
(Lucknow); Roza (Shahjahanpur) - all under Northern Railway and Sanathnagar
(Hyderabad) - South Central Railway after the agreements entered with respective
Divisional Railway Managers.
• A subsidiary in the name of "Central Railside Warehouse Company Ltd." was
incorporated on 10.07.2007, under the Companies Act 1956 which commenced its
business on 24.07.2007.

Aircargo Complexes :

• Ambitious expansion of CWC over the years has also brought CWC in the operation of
Aircargo Complexes which is a major step towards providing complete services as a
multi-modaltransportoperator.
 Presently, CWC is operating 4 Aircargo Complexes at the International Airports of
Amritsar, Goa, Singanallur and Virugambakkam besides managing the
accompanied/mishandled cargo warehouse at Indira Gandhi International Airport at New
Delhi.

Disinfestation and Pest Control Services :

• Govt. of India, vide Notification dated 23rd March 1968, entrusted additional
responsibility to CWC to undertake Disinfestation/Pest Control Services beyond its
warehouses in respect of Agricultural produce or other notified commodities.
• Over the years, CWC has developed the expertise in Pest Management in the following
areas
• Rodent Control
• House hold Pest Management- Cockroaches, Mosquitoes, House Flies, Bed Bugs,
Spiders, Lizards, Carpet Beetles, Fleas, Crickets, Ants, Wasps, Locusts etc.
• Storage Pest Management.
• Anti-termite treatments (Pre & Post Construction)
• Container Fumigation.
• Ship Fumigation(on Board)
• Pre-shipment fumigation of Export Cargo
• Rail Coach disinfestations
• Aircraft disinfestations
• Hospital & Nursing Homes Treatments
• Disinfestations of Hotels & Restaurants
• Disinfestations of Commercial Complexes & Office premises.
• Disinfestations of Oil Refineries
• Disinfestations of Airports & Ports
• Disinfestations of Delhi Metro Rail Premises

• CWC the only organization in the public sector recognized by the Directorate of Plant
Protection Quarantine and Storage, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India as well as the
Export Inspection Council of India to undertake Pre-shipment fumigation and Ship (on
board) fumigation of exportable commodities. CWC earned a major breakthrough in
disinfestation of aircrafts of Air India using timer device. CWC has thus earned the
status of a National Pest Control Agency.

CWC has taken lead in accreditation of its pest control operators under newly introduced
National Standards on Phytosanitary Measures NSPM 11 & 12 to facilitate MBr
fumigation treatment of export/import cargo carrying wood packaging material (WPM) in
compliance to the FAO/IPPC guidelines issued through International Standard on
 Phytosanitary Measures ISPM -15. Under this accreditation regime, the Corporation is
catering to quarantine treatments at the following major centres:-

• CFS-JN Port
• CFS-Tuticorin (Tamil Nadu).
• CFS-Chennai
• CFS-Adalaj (Ahmedabad)
• CFS-Kandla Port (Gandhidham)
• CFS-Vizag
• CFS-Whitefield (Bangalore)
• CFS-Panambur (Mangalore)
• ICD-Patparganj (Delhi)
• CW-Nampally (Hyderabad)
• CW-Kakinada (Hyderabad)
• CWC-Regional Office, Bhopal
• CWC-Regional Office, Kolkata
• CW-Cochin (Hyderabad)
• CWC-Regional Office, Mumbai

• Major clients of CWC for pest control services include:-

• Many leading grain exporters.

• Shippers for containerized cargo.
• Indian Railways.
• Air India
• Air Sahara
• Air Deccan
• Indian Airlines
• Jet Airways.
• Airport Authority of India
• Indian Oil Corporation
• GAIL (India) Limited
• Reserve Bank of India
• AIIMS.
• Central Public Works Department.
• VSNL, ONGC, AIR etc.

• Pre-shipment fumigation and ship fumigation facilities are offered at the following
ports:-

 Mundra  Kandla

 Jamnagar  Pipavav

 Mangalore/Karwar  Tuticorin
  Visakhapatnam  Kakinada

 Kolkata  Haldia

 Navi Mumbai  Port Blair

• Some of the Grain exporters who have availed CWC’s pest control services during the
recent past include:-

 Satnam Overseas  Cargill India Ltd.

 Adani Exports Ltd.  MMTC

 PEC  STC

 Vicnivas Agencies  PUNSUP

 Seaways  Bishan Swaroop Ram Kishan Agro

 Olam International  LMJ International

 SS Exports  V. Arjun

 Vishal Exports  Ruchi Soya

 VASS Exports

• CWC also takes POD guarantee for off-loading pest free cargo at the foreign destinations
(country of import) at a nominal cost in addition to the usual fumigation charges.

• CWC is keen to enter into agreements with users for providing Pest Control Services as well as
Strategic Alliance with other pest control service providers/firms dealing with pest control related
activities for further widening its clientele.

Operations At CFS’s / ICD’s :

Container port stations is the port facility for loading and unloading containerized cargo to
and from the ship. It is also called as container terminal
Inland clearance depot is a place approved by HM Revenue & Customs to which goods
imported in containers/vehicles may be removed for entry, examination and clearance, and
at which goods intended for export in container/vehicles may be made available for export
control.

• Filing of sub-Manifest and Transhipment Pemit (SMTP) by the Shipping Line / CHA .
• Movement of containers to designated ICD’s / CFS’s
• Filing of Import General Manifest (IGM) by shipping Lines / CHA . In other words
“Declaration of Cargo Details “
• Destuffing (Unloading)
• Preparation of Tally-sheet with reference to IGM
• Inventorisation
• Filing of Bill of Entry (BOE) for clearance of cargo either by Importer/CHA with the
customs
• Customs Examination
• Assesment
• Clearance
• Issue of “out-of-Charge” (release Order)
• Assesment of warehousing charges and collection.

Services at ICD/CFS :
Exports Imports
Receipt of export cargo Movement of Import containers from the port

In-House customs examination De-stuffing of LCL and FCL containers

Export cargo aggregation and storage Customs Examination

Preshipment Disinfestation of containers as

Bonded Warehousing facilities
well as of export cargo.

Cargo stuffing under custom supervision

List of Container Freight Stations and Inland Clearance Depots
CWC had envisaged the problems in the movement of imported and exportable goods to and
from the port towns and transcended the hurdles by developing an extensive infrastructure of
Container Freight Stations & Inland Clearance Depots throughout the country. Today CWC
operates 36 CFSs/ ICDs where composite services for containerised movement of import/export
cargo are provided.

Name Of City Capacity (sq. Mtrs.)

CFS / ICD

Covered Open
GREATER NOIDA NOIDA 7242 36000
PATPARGANJ DELHI 12000 12522
ROYAPURAM CHENNAI 2862 -
PUNE PUNE 2700 -
ADALAJ AHMEDABAD 8261 10610
VIRUGAMBAKKAM CHENNAI 23000 10000
D.NODE NAVI MUMBAI 50527 54550
KOLKATA KOLKATA 10,476 10000
MADHAVARAM CHENNAI 5576 11000
HALDIA KOLKATA 3737 2015
KANPUR KANPUR 2587 2855
SINGANALLUR COIMBATORE 1650 1650
KANDLA GANDHIDHAM 6480 15875
BHADOHI BHADOHI 2652 2189
PANAMBUR MANGALORE 420 560
NASIK NASIK 884 775
LONI DELHI 18369 34000
KUKATPALLY HYDERABAD 2758 9300
WALUJ MAHARASHTRA 1788 -
DASHRATH VADODARA 5256 5000
SAHARANPUR SAHARANPUR 683 2413
WHITEFIELD BANGALORE 12996 10172
VERNA GOA 1858 1890
D’NODE DISTRIC PARK NAVI MUMBAI 16425 48660
TUTICORIN TUTICORIN 7770 10000
VAPI VAPI 200 9176
VIZAG VISAKHAPATNAM 2790 25825
NSEZ NOIDA 1482 -
KALAMBOLI NAVI MUMBAI 5419 10398
KANDLA PORT KANDLA 12000 54000
KUNDLI SONEPAT 2927 11445
LOGISTIC PARK NAVI MUMBAI 8580 39900
IMPEX PARK NAVI MUMBAI 6585 22500
MUNDRA AHMEDABAD 18750 69990
CHROMPET CHENNAI 4060 8700

General Terms :
Types Of Goods Accepted For Storage :
In accordance with the provisions of Warehousing Corporations Act 1962 CWC stores
agricultural produce , seeds , manures , fertilizers , agricultural implements and notified
commodities offered by individuals , cooperative societies and other institutes .

In pursuance of the above , following commodities are accepted for storage :- Foodstiffs , Edible
Oil-seeds , Cattle fodder , Oil cakes , Raw Cotton & Cotton Seeds , Raw Jute , Vegetable Oil and
“Notified Commodities”

Acceptance Of Goods :
‘First come First served ‘ AND Reservation

Procedure for receipt , storage , handling and delivery of goods prescribed in resp State
Warehousing Corporation Acts and Rules and Instructions issued by CWC from time to time

Warehouse Receipt – Goods are inspected , weighed to determine quality and quantity . A
warehouse receipt is issued . WR can be Negotiable/Non-negotiable

For part/full delivery of goods WR is to be surrendered

Insurance :
Corporation undertakes to exercise reasonable care & diligence as reqd of a bailee . Liability of
Corpn. Limited to the value of goods at the time of deposit or on the date of occurance of loss ,
whichever is less. Stocks normally insured/indemnified against risk of fire , floods , theft , house
breaking and burglary.

Depositor is reqd to cooperate with Corpn in event of any loss for finalizing claim compensation
by insurance. CWC is at discretion for additional insurance against risk of riots , strikes and civil
commotion in addition to the usual warehousing charges .

Reservation :
Min. reservation for ONE complete month in terms of packages or area in the first instance .
Reservation For NO. of packages or on AREA basis . The min. area being 1000 sq ft. (93 sq
mtrs.) Extension of reservation for min. ONE month. Reservation ordinarily for full
compartment. On area basis load not to exceed 0.33 MT per sq. ft. Indication of commodity for
reservation. Space reqd will be determined on formula & stack height by CWC. The decision is
final & binding on depositor.

Charges for entire space reserved . Not for actual utilized. If storage charges exclusive of
insurance , advalorem charges on max. market value on any day of the month. Only one turn
over permitted in one month. If exceeds, charges on weekly/monthly basis. Over and above
charges on normally/monthly basis. Extension only before expiry and for full month. After
expiry fresh reservation. Non Extension , general charges. Reservation in excess of one month
can be curtailed by giving one month notice.

Handling & Transport

Normally H & T arrangements by Depositor and such cost is borne by them. Depositor may
entrust H&T work to CWC , where he has made reservation for space. Corporation will claim
from the depositor for the services rendered. H&T includes rail head handling , transporation ,
unloading , weighment , stocking , rebagging , salvaging , standardization , destacking and
loading etc. Corporation will claim H&T charges , supervision charges on bills and other
incidental expenses from depositor. Depositor should send “Freight paid” basis stocks and
Railway Receipts should reach WM in advance. In case of “To Pay” basis RR’s depositor will
reimburse the charges to Corporation alongwith supervision charges.

In case of tender enquiry , depositor has to reimburse charges alongwith supervision charges
payable to appointed H&T Contractor. In case of shortage , a certificate will be obtained from
railway and if so obtained would be made available to depositor. No responsibility for claim with
railways. In case “said to container” RR’s it will be at risk of depositor.

Distribution and Sale of goods :

The Corporation also undertakes at its discretion , the work of distribution for depositor on
mutually agreed terms and conditions. The applicable commission charges are payable in
addition to the storage , H&T and supervision charges.

Payment of Corporation’s Dues :

Corporation as bailee has first lien on the good. Dues are payable at the time of delivery. In case
non payment , Corporation can recover its dues by exercising its lien by disposal of good. In case
of incorporate bodies bills are raised. The depositor will be reqd to pay same within 20 days.Bills
raised by Corporation are required to be paid depositor in full. Claims be raised separately.

Storage Charges :
Realization of Storage Charges so determined by CWC from time to time for the services
rendered. One month notice by CWC for revision of storage charges. Storage charges realizable
either at delivery or on accrual.

Storage charges are payable on monthly and weekly basis :

• First Week : 44% of the monthly tariff

• First two weeks : 68% of the monthly tariff

• First three weeks : 88% of the monthly tariff

• First four weeks

and upto 30 days : As per monthly tariff

“MONTH” means a period of 30 days. The minimum period for which storage charges are
payable is one week.

Rent Element :
Rent element refers to rental cost per bag per month linked to a particular percentage of capacity
utilization. It can be worked out as under :-

(Total monthly rent / Total capacity ) * ( 100 / Utilisation percentage )

HIGH RATED WAREHOUSES :

At some centres , the operational cost is higher than the standard rated warehouses. Such
warehouses are mostly located at metropolitan cities , port towns , State Capitals and main
commercial centres. Storage charges rates for these warehouses are fixed at a higher level
keeping in view , the operational cost and other relevant factors .

AREA RATES :
Storage space is also provided to the depositors on area basis. The area rates are derived from the
basic standard rates fixed for different warehouses.

RATE FOR BONDED SPACE :

Warehousing charges for bonded space are determined keeping in view the requirement of larger
percentage of alleyways , operation space for fork lifts , height utilization , bondwide storage ,
posting of Customs staff on cost recovery basis.

It is to be noted that rates for each commodity differs. The above were only the factors
determining the total tariff. Tariff for each commodity has been attached.