TRABAJO: RESUMEN DE TESIS

CURSO: TESIS EN INGENIERA METALRGICA

PROFESOR: Ing. DIONICIO PADILLA

ALUMNO: JEAN PAUL PADILLA FABIAN

CDIGO: 13160137

TTULO DE LA TESIS: EL EFECTO DE RADIACIN MICROONDAS EN

PROCESAMIENTO MINERAL

RESUMEN

Entre el 50% al 70% del total de energa usada en el procesamiento mineral puede ser atribuida a la
conminucin. El pre-tratamiento de microondas ha sido sugerido como un medio para disminuir los
requerimientos de energa. Una variedad de menas minerales han sido investigadas y los efectos de
la radiacin microondas cuantificada en base a la mineraloga, como son; cambios en el Work Index
del molino de bolas de Bond, flotabilidad y separacin magntica.

Se ha demostrado que el pre-tratamiento de microondas es ms efectivo para menas de grano

grueso con mineraloga consistente de buenos absorbedores de microondas en una ganga
transparente (hasta un 90% de reduccin de Work Index del molino de bolas de Bond del mineral
de cobre de Palabora); mientras que menas de grano fino y que son buenas absorbedores, no son
afectadas tan bien (una reduccin de solo un 25% en el Work Index del molino de bolas de Bond).
Sin embargo, la mineraloga de los minerales es afectada por la exposicin a la radiacin de
microondas, la flotabilidad y caractersticas de la separacin magntica han mostrado no ser
negativamente afectadas, a menos que la microestructura sea completamente destruida luego de
una exposicin prolongada a las microondas.

Simulaciones han mostrado que cambios significativos en los circuitos de conminucin son posibles
como resultado de la reduccin del Work Index inducida por las microondas (tres molinos se
reducen a uno). Unidades de microondas construidas para el propsito pueden ser la solucin para
una extraccin de mineral ms eficiente en el futuro cercano.

TTULO ORIGINAL: The effect of microwave radiation on mineral processing

AUTOR: WERNER VORSTER

Tesis presentada para optar por el grado de Doctor of Philosophy, Ph.D.

The University of Birmingham, School of Chemical Engineering, Junio 2001.

Nota: La bibliografa se corresponde con el marco terico de la tesis.

BIBLIOGRAFA
Addison J, 1994, Vermiculite is not asbestos (http://www.vermiculite.org, accessed in Jul 1999)

Al-Rizzo et al, 1998, Finite-difference time-domain modelling of longitudinal resonant slot-pair

geometries in a WR975 waveguide, (http://www.emrmicrowave.com, accessed in Jun 1999)

Al-Rizzo et al, 1998, finite-difference time-domain modelling of an aperture-coupled TE10n

rectangular cavity resonator for high power microwave processing,
(http://www.emrmicrowave.com, accessed in Jun 1999)

Andres U and Timoshkin I, 1998, Dielectric separation of solids in water polarized by a pulsating
electrical field, Innovations in Mineral and Coal Processing : Proceedings of the 7th International
Mineral Processing Symposium, Atak et al (ed), ISBN 9058090132

EMR Microwave Technology Corp, Accessed in Apr 2000, EMR Microwave Technology
http://www/emrmicrowave.com

Mineral Data, Accessed in Aug 1999, Vermiculite Mineral Data

http://web.wt.net/~daba/Mineral/data

Department of Chemical Engineering - Stellenbosch University, Accessed in Apr 2000, Dielectric

Heating, http://ee.sun.ac.za/microheat

Austin LG, 1987, Approximate calculation of specific fracture energies for grinding, Powder
Technology, vol 53, Elsevier, ISSN 0461 5721

Barbery G, 1991, Liberation 1,2,3 : Theoretical analysis of the effect of space dimension on mineral
liberation by size reduction, Minerals Engineering, vol 5, no 2 Pergamon, ISSN 0892 6875

Barlow HM, 1947, Microwaves and wave guides, Constable and Company Ltd, London, ISBN x279
0696

Bearman RA et al, 1997, The application of rock mechanics parameters to the prediction of
comminution behaviour, Minerals Engineering, vol 10, no 3, Pergamon, ISSN 0892 6875

Bearman RA et al, 1991, Prediction of power consumption and product size in cone crushing,
Minerals Engineering, vol 4, Pergamon, ISSN 0892 6875

Bows JR et al, 1999, Measurement of three-dimensional temperature distributions and spatial

heterogeneity in microwave heated foods by magnetic resonance imaging, 7 th International
Conference on Microwave and High Frequency Heating, Valencia, Spain

Briggs CA and Bearman RA, 1996, An investigation of rock breakage and damage in comminution
equipment, Minerals Engineering, vol 9, no 5, Pergamon, ISSN 0892 6875

Brittan MI, 1975, Variable activation energy model for leaching kinetics, International Journal of
Mineral Processing, Elsevier, ISSN 0301 7516
Bulatovic SM and Wyslouzil DM, 1982, Process development for complex copper lead zinc ores -
laboratory and pilot scale studies, XIV International Minerals Processing Congress, Toronto

Cavanna M et al, 1982, Bulk flotation as an alternative to the beneficiation of very finely
disseminated complex sulphide ores in a massive pyrite matrix, XIV International Mineral Processing
Congress, Toronto

Chernet T, 1999, Mineralogical and textural constraints on mineral processing of the

Koivusaarenneva ilmenite ore, Klvi, western Finland, International Journal of Mineral Processing,
vol 57, p153-165, Elsevier, ISSN 0301 7516

Choi WZ et al, 1987, Liberation analysis using a simple image processing system, Proceedings of
Particulate and Multiphase Processes Vol 3 : Colloidal and Interfacial Phenomena, Hemisphere
publishing corporation, Washington DC, ISBN 0 89 116 6572

Choi WZ et al, 1988, Estimation of model parameters for liberation and size reduction, Minerals and
Metallurgical Processing, American Society of Mining Engineers, ISSN 0747 9182

Clark IH, Microstructural control on crushing strength and mineral liberation potential : numerical
experiments, CSIRO, Australia

Personal Communications, References and Bibliography R-13

Collins DN and Bonney CF, 1998, Separation of coarse particles, International Mining and Minerals,
IMM, vol 1, no 4, p104-112, ISSN 1461 4715

Cresko WC and Booth CL, 1998, Dielectric processing of ceramics for foundry applications, Mineral
and Coal Processing : Proceedings of the 7th International Mineral Processing Symposium, Atak et
al (ed), ISBN 9058090132

Cristea N et al, 1998, Evaluation of autogenous grinding of ores, Innovations in Mineral and Coal
Processing, ISBN 90 5809 013 2

Cutting GW, 1979, The characterisation of mineral release during comminution processes, The
Chemical Engineer, ICHEME, ISSN 0009 2452

Dutrizac JE, 1978, The kinetics of dissolution of chalcopyrite in ferric sulfate solutions, Metallurgical
Transactions B, vol 9B, no 3, p 431 - 439

Dutrizac JE et al, 1970, The kinetics of dissolution of bornite in acidified ferric sulfate solutions,
Metallurgical Transactions, vol 1, no 1, p 225 - 231

Ehlers RA et al, 1999, Inclusion of wall losses in the numerical simulation of microwave heating
problems, 7th International Conference on Microwave and High Frequency Heating, Valencia, Spain

Fandrich RG et al, 1998, The CSIRO hopkinson bar facility for large diameter particle breakage,
Minerals Engineering, vol 11, no 9, Pergamon, ISSN 0892 6875

Fuerstenau DW and Kapur PC, 1994, A new approach to assessing the grindability of solids and the
energy efficiency of grinding mills, Minerals and Metallurgical Processing, American Institute of
Mining Engineers, ISSN 0747 9182
Griffin LK et al, 1993, Chalcopyrite flotation and liberation characteristics before and after
autogenous grinding at Mount Isa Mines Ltd, XVIII International Mineral Processing Congress,
Sydney

Gupta SK et al, 1991, Phase transformations during heating of ilmenite concentrates, Metallurgical
Transactions, vol 22B

Hajek M, 1998, Microwaves and Catalysis, Mineral and Coal Processing : Proceedings of the 7th
International Mineral Processing Symposium, Atak et al (ed), ISBN 9058090132 Personal
Communications, References and Bibliography R-14

Hallac A and Metaxas AC, 1999, A fully explicit whitney element time domain formulation for the
electromagnetic analysis, 7th International Conference on Microwave and High Frequency Heating,
Valencia, Spain

Haque KE et al, 1999, Microwave energy for mineral treatment processes - a brief review,
International Journal of Mineral Processing, vol 57, Elsevier, ISSN 0301 7516

Harris WG and Hollien KA, 1988, Reversible and irreversible dehydration of hydroxyl interlayered
vermiculite from coastal plain soils, Soil Science Society of America Journal

Harris CC, 1971, Graphical presentation of size distribution data : an assessment of current practice,
Institute of Mining and Metallurgy

Haskett PR et al, 1973, Copper recovery from chalcopyrite by a roast leach procedure, US Bureau of
Mines

Haughton SH (Ed), 1964, The geology of some ore deposits in Southern Africa, The Geological Society
of South Africa, Johannesburg

Hoten and zbay C, 1998, Technical note : a comparison of particle bed breakage and rod mill
grinding with regard to mineral liberation and particle shape effects, Minerals Engineering, vol 11,
no 9, p 871-874, Pergamon, ISSN 0892 6875

Kelebek S and Francis J, Evaluation of aeration in the processing of complex copper zinc sulphide
ores containing iron sulphides, Mineral and Coal Processing : Proceedings of the 7th International
Mineral Processing Symposium, Atak et al (ed), ISBN 9058090132

King RP and Scheider CL, Mineral liberation and the batch comminution equation, Minerals
Engineering, vol 11, no 12, p1143-1160, Pergamon, ISSN 0892 6875

King RP and Bourgeois F, 1993, Measurement of fracture energy during single particle fracture,
Minerals Engineering, vol 6, no 4, Pergamon, ISSN 0892 6875

Kingman SW et al, 1996, The effect of dielectric heating on the ring loaded strength of Norwegian
ilmenite, MIRO : Microwave Workshop, Nov 1996, University of Birmingham

Kraszewski AW and Nelson SO, 1999, Microwave properties of powdered coal in mixtures, 7th
International Conference on Microwave and High Frequency Heating, Valencia, Spain