THIRD DIVISION

[G.R. No. 129774. December 29, 1998.]

NARCISO A. TADEO , petitioner, vs . PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES ,

respondent.

SYLLABUS

1. REMEDIAL LAW; SPECIAL CIVIL ACTIONS; CERTIORARI; DOES NOT LIE TO REVIEW
A TRIAL COURT'S INTERLOCUTORY ORDER DENYING A MOTION TO DISMISS; APPEAL IN
DUE TIME IS THE PROPER REMEDY, NOT CERTIORARI, IN THE ABSENCE OF GRAVE
ABUSE OF DISCRETION OR EXCESS OF JURISDICTION, OR AN OPPRESSIVE EXERCISE OF
JUDICIAL AUTHORITY. We agree with the Court of Appeals that certiorari does not lie to
review a trial court's interlocutory order denying a motion to dismiss (or to acquit), which
is equivalent to a demurrer to evidence, filed after the prosecution had presented its
evidence and rested its case. An order denying a demurrer to evidence is interlocutory. It is
no appealable. Neither can it be the subject of a petition for certiorari. From such denial,
appeal in due time is the proper remedy, not certiorari, in the absence of grave abuse of
discretion or excess of jurisdiction, or an oppressive exercise of judicial authority.
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2. CRIMINAL LAW; BATAS PAMBANSA BLG. 22; THE PROSECUTION MAY PRESENT
ONLY THE COMPLAINANT AS WITNESS TO PROVE ALL THE ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE
CHARGED. It is not required, much less indispensable, for the prosecution to present the
drawee bank's representative as a witness to testify on the dishonor of the checks
because of insufficiency of funds. The prosecution may present, as it did in this case, only
complainant as a witness to prove all the elements of the offense charged. She is a
component and qualified witness to testify that she deposited the checks to her account
in a bank; that she subsequently received from the bank the checks returned unpaid with a
notation "drawn against insufficient funds" stamped or written on the dorsal side of the
checks themselves, or in a notice attached to the dishonored checks duly given to
complainant, and that petitioner failed to pay complainant the value of the checks or make
arrangements for their payment in full within five (5) banking days after receiving notice
that such checks had not been paid by the drawee bank. Otherwise stated, complainant's
sole testimony suffices to identify the dishonored checks with the drawee bank's notation
stamped or written on the dorsal side "drawn against insufficient funds" or in a notice
attached thereto and such notice of dishonor given to the drawer. A legal presumption
arises that petitioner had knowledge of the making of the checks, the due presentment to
the drawee bank for payment, the dishonor and the reason therefor written, stamped or
notice of dishonor attached by the drawee bank to the returned checks. Such prima facie
presumption proves that petitioner has knowledge of the insufficiency of funds. Unless
rebutted, the prosecution may rely on such presumption to establish that element of the
offense charged. It is for petitioner, as accused, to rebut the presumption, disputable as it
is. Otherwise, the presumption would be sufficient basis to convict. Consequently, in the
case below, the prosecution has proved all the essential elements of the offense charged
with the sole testimony of complainant Luz Sison. HAIDcE

DECISION
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 PARDO , J : p

The case before the Court is an appeal via certiorari taken by petitioner from the decision
of the Court of Appeals dismissing the petition for certiorari to annul the trial court's order
denying his demurrer to evidence in eight (8) cases for violation of Batas Pambansa Bilang
22 filed against him before the Regional Trial Court, Branch 94, Quezon City. prLL

Complainant Ms. Luz M. Sison was the owner of commercial apartments at 731 Edsa
corner Ermin Garcia , Cubao, Quezon City. 1
In 1985, petitioner's wife leased from complainant one unit of the apartment at a monthly
consideration of P7,000.00, for a period of five years. After two years, she also leased the
adjacent apartment at an additional monthly consideration of P4,000.00. However, in early
1988, petitioner's wife incurred rental arrears with complainant in the amount of
P113,300.00. In order to settle the account, petitioner negotiated with complainant. He
issued eight (8) postdated checks dated February 8, 1988 to August, 1988, payable to
complainant covering the unpaid rental arrears of P113,300.00. All the checks bounced
upon deposit with the drawee bank. After the last check was returned to complainant
unpaid, with the notation "DAIF", meaning "drawn against insufficient funds" stamped
thereon, on October 13, 1988, complainant's counsel wrote petitioner demanding that the
unpaid checks be redeemed within three (3) days from receipt of the letter. 2
On October 26, 1988, petitioner wrote complainant expressing willingness to discuss the
matter with her counsel. However, he did not redeem the unpaid checks; indeed, he did not
even mention any intention to pay complainant or to make arrangements for payment of
the dishonored checks. 3
On January 9, 1989, Assistant Prosecutor Jesus E. Bigornia, Jr. of Quezon City, filed with
the Regional Trial Court, Quezon City, eight (8) Informations charging petitioner with
violation of Batas Pambansa Bilang 22, which were consolidated before Branch 94. 4
Petitioner then moved to quash the informations on the ground that the court lacked
jurisdiction over the subject cases. 5 On June 24, 1990, the trial court denied the motion. 6
After petitioner entered a plea of not guilty to the charges, on April 30, 1991, the trial court
conducted a pre-trial at which the parties marked their respective documentary evidence.
Thereafter, the trial court declared the pre-trial of the cases closed and terminated. 7
On March 29, 1993, at the trial of the cases, the prosecution presented the testimony of
complainant Luz Sison to prove the charges against petitioner. After her cross-
examination, the prosecution rested its case, and formally offered the documentary
exhibits marked at the pre-trial. 8
On May 15, 1994, without prior leave of court, petitioner filed a demurrer to evidence on
the ground that the prosecution failed to present sufficient evidence proving all the
elements of the offense charged. The prosecution filed an opposition thereto. On
November 27, 1994, the trial court declared that "there exists a prima facie case after the
prosecution has presented its evidence and rested its case" and accordingly denied the
demurrer to evidence for lack of merit. 9 On January 13, 1995, the trial court also denied
petitioner's motion for reconsideration. 1 0
On September 7, 1995, petitioner filed with the Court of Appeals a special civil action for
certiorari seeking to annul the lower court's orders denying his demurrer to evidence. 1 1
After due proceedings, on February 7, 1997, the Court of Appeals rendered decision
dismissing the petition, for lack of merit. 1 2 The Court of Appeals ruled that certiorari does
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 not lie to challenge the trial court's interlocutory order denying the accused's motion to
dismiss. Appeal in due time is the proper remedy in order to have the findings of facts of
the respondent judge reviewed by a superior court.
Hence, this petition.
We deny the petition. We agree with the Court of Appeals that certiorari does not lie to
review a trial court's interlocutory order denying a motion to dismiss (or to acquit), which
is equivalent to a demurrer to evidence, filed after the prosecution had presented its
evidence and rested its case. An order denying a demurrer to evidence is interlocutory. It is
not appealable. Neither can it be the subject of a petition for certiorari. From such denial,
appeal in due time is the proper remedy, not certiorari, in the absence of grave abuse of
discretion or excess of jurisdiction, or an oppressive exercise of judicial authority. 1 3
However, petitioner submits that the trial court acted with grave abuse of discretion when
the court held that there exists a prima facie case, disregarding the prosecution's failure to
present as witness a representative of the drawee bank to testify on the dishonor of the
questioned checks as an element of the offense charged. He insists that the testimony of
the bank's representative is mandatory. 1 4
We do not agree.
It is not required, much less indispensable, for the prosecution to present the drawee
bank's representative as a witness to testify on the dishonor of the checks because of
insufficiency of funds. The prosecution may present, as it did in this case, only complainant
as a witness to prove all the elements of the offense charged. 1 5 She is a competent and
qualified witness to testify that she deposited the checks to her account in a bank; that
she subsequently received from the bank the checks returned unpaid with a notation
"drawn against insufficient funds" stamped or written on the dorsal side of the checks
themselves, or in a notice attached to the dishonored checks duly given to complainant,
and that petitioner failed to pay complainant the value of the checks or make
arrangements for their payment in full within five (5) banking days after receiving notice
that such checks had not been paid by the drawee bank. 1 6 Otherwise stated,
complainant's sole testimony suffices to identify the dishonored checks with the drawee
bank's notation stamped or written on the dorsal side "drawn against insufficient funds" or
in a notice attached thereto and such notice of dishonor given to the drawer. A legal
presumption arises that petitioner had knowledge of the making of the checks, the due
presentment to the drawee bank for payment, the dishonor and the reason therefor
written, stamped or notice of dishonor attached by the drawee bank to the returned
checks. 1 7 Such prima facie presumption proves that petitioner has knowledge of the
insufficiency of funds. 1 8 Unless rebutted, the prosecution may rely on such presumption
to establish that element of the offense charged. It is for petitioner, as accused, to rebut
the presumption, disputable as it is. 1 9 Otherwise, the presumption would be sufficient
basis to convict.

Consequently, in the case below, the prosecution has proved all the essential elements of
the offense charged with the sole testimony of complainant Luz Sison.
We note that petitioner did not ask the trial court for leave to file a demurrer to evidence. In
such case, he loses the right to adduce evidence in his defense. 2 0
IN VIEW WHEREOF, the Court hereby AFFIRMS the appealed decision of the Court of
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 Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 37503.
We remand the records to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion, which shall be limited to the lower court's imposition of the proper sentence on
petitioner and its promulgation with notice to the parties.
Costs against petitioner.
SO ORDERED.
Romero, Kapunan and Purisima, JJ ., concur.
Footnotes

1. Petition, Rollo, p. 9.
2. Idem, Rollo, p. 10.
3. Idem, Rollo, p. 10.

4. Idem, Rollo, p. 12.

5. Idem, Rollo, p. 12.

6. Idem, Rollo, p. 12.

7. Idem, Rollo, p. 12.

8. Idem, Rollo, p. 13.

9. Idem, Rollo, p. 13.
10. Idem, Rollo, p. 13.

11. Docketed as CA-G.R. SP No. 37503.

12. Decision, Rollo, pp. 29-34, Justice Pedro A. Ramirez, ponente, Justice Ruben T. Reyes,
and Justice B.A. Adefuin-de la Cruz, concurring.
13. Cruz vs. People, 144 SCRA 677; People vs. Court of Appeals, 119 SCRA 162; Joseph vs.
Villaluz, 89 SCRA 324; People vs. Mercado, 159 SCRA 453; Mercado vs. Court of Appeals,
162 SCRA 75; Bautista vs. Sarmiento, 138 SCRA 587, 594; Santos vs. Court of Appeals,
152 SCRA 378; De Vera vs. Pineda, 213 SCRA 434; Gold City Integrated Port Services, Inc.
vs. Intermediate Appellate Court, 171 SCRA 579.
14. Petition, Rollo, pp. 16-17.

15. The Court listed the elements of the offense penalized under BP 22 in Lim Lao vs. Court
of Appeals, 274 SCRA 572, 584, citing Navarro vs. Court of Appeals, 234 SCRA 639, 643-
644 and People vs. Laggui, 171 SCRA 305; see also Nieva vs. Court of Appeals, 272
SCRA 1; Vaca vs. Court of Appeals, G. R. No. 131714, November 16, 1998.

16. Batas Pambansa Bilang 22, Section 2; Nieva vs. Court of Appeals, supra; Vaca vs. Court
of Appeals, supra.
17. Batas Pambansa Bilang 22, Section 3; Lim Lao vs. Court of Appeals, supra; see also
The Revised Penal Code, Thirteenth Edition, Revised 1993, by Luis B. Reyes, p. 706.
18. Llamado vs. Court of Appeals, 270 SCRA 423.
19. Lozano vs. Martinez, 146 SCRA 323; Lim Lao vs. Court of Appeals, supra.
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 20. Rule 119, Sec. 15, 1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure.

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