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This plan for a "round labe,,,1 when it was proposed to me, ap ... · >.-

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pearce very mterestmg, blue clearly quue puzz m '.'_ I ,sug,gl·· .. st [' subtertuge: ','

some themes concerning the techniques 0/ interpretatlon in Marx, Ni,-, .... : .

etzsche, and Freud'. ,_, ~"~.- .

In reality behl rd these themes there is t dream that lone day'~t. ,w'ill ;.~ possible "0 n~ ake a kind or" .- ene al corpus a e ncyelopedia of all i- e t' ich

_ ossime 1,1' .:·{l,; ,:_ ~, 1(., '1::- ~I gl=- t ' ·r.'~-:_:·: :"',, :_ '. ,. '~",:~: upeuia U, '..11.1, 11(, ,' .. e :_'_

niques of in .erpretation that we can xnow from, ,I,~e: Greek grammarians 1,0.1 •• "

our ·:II'I:m· e I' thin .,:. :I"t--'~II few of t',he> chapters o.···.[f: u f~ great corpu ,.::: of .:i)· the .. ''''

, _ \ ' , • '.. l.iII __ 1,,, _ Pi, I .' . " _". _, ' . _ _., II [. _ . 110.. _. . _.., ..., _'. _ ..

techniques [0'; interuretation have thus far been .. lraw __ U s, II seems 101 me ' '.

I. ' .. , '"

that one could say, as a general introduction to this idea of a history 'olr ",: ..

techniques of interpretation, that , __ ng1u,aglc, at least "a.ngua.-' 'e in Jo,dlo.·

E I . ha I ~!II - ind f susoici .

uropean cultures, 1- as, a.'ways given r'·.se to . .'wo _ ,In, s. 0_, S[US,pl'C,~QS.. . .

~,Ijrs of all, the sus,p'ici~g'A~' .. t-laDs'ua,g~' '·I~'·.~._>, ,- Olt 158.' e,~a,c:,I"' ?I_~( it .

.... !pe~!li-(Ie langage ne dit pas exactement ce qu'i/ dit]. The"" ..... '. s]

Ih!1 on;e .gwJlsJ-,....a~d~lIlal18· ,i~m_: edittteirnralTi're$"1 -.ts,lef'[' : ~ps~· _' -"ali~YwQD' "

a . esser me._ni,!]" -lw'Q,iadrc~5gfS.£1u~J.haw"hielld'.-J;CSltaiDS.'T? and,.d.cI1"'l1:il':-·' ':'.:', ':r\l'~ .

........ N _ F"H - -=,r'!_"H.H~~"'" " '. . , MIl, - .....

'l.b~nl ':ran[s!1l,i'~ anQlbe[wlea.ning-frJhe me.a·,:i,.J",~~'-l -_._._ -,~-' -' .• ~" .'·'d~tn des-

~1'olls""l+ This is what the [Greeks calk . .'d allegoria ~nd ,hypono;al

~n the o!ber hand t ,lan!U8!e 'i),ives :~i,s:e ~:o ,anlal ;':" .,' ::. ~lplciQ~ .~ _~:' .- -~,. ,-I

"i .1!iiiiI!!' _ = - . .?filil. ~-1F -::- .:zftF_R WS_:5!iOISi: I!'!I'CZ,:R..~· ' . .'!II!! . --' . . . ' - -' - -. -. - - - -

some W,:·.'3v 'i - [->. - I: .":~' ,'>,(: nilinp,:eeJ.·· \I',~[-b':-c~ II tr~F~ - a ·...:Il Ith:- I:'-'~b~' 'e11jC a> [-.' --'-.-: ny"

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other!hi!!g~ ·1]_~·J'!gddJbal.Sp~ilkt..Jmd,JhJL.Dt.DQI J' ' Arl.e.:11 I it

~... .'1 .... -

1111 i,g,ll I oe that nature, rhe sea, rustling Crees, animals, faces, masks, crossed

- c lili II

swords atl speak. Perhaps there is some ,lang, age ,a·,'lic'u~,ai.inlg ,i'lse'f i~ • 'w~a,Y

111al would nor b~; verbal .. 'Tis would be, if yOIU wish, ~ery crudely, the

~fieI11,,;iIO"'J of the [G.reeks~ , . ,

These two suspicions. which we s.ec appearing already li_' Greek texts, have not disappea ed, They are [~til 0._· r contem .. ioraries, as one ag·". in w : have come ;10 believe, ',P- eclse y since the nineteenth c'e ·I,u._ ,y. I __ at mute g -5"- 11JreS, illnesses, all the confusion around U!S can s',:e,a._;::' as weJ • M·OIi'·-' than

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ever we IL,e at me li~~~oi,i .. ,o~ 9~L:!~.L!hi"~_.p.~1'~i~-:.~ .. ~~p'S~~~~~~.~ .. u¥J.ng,l~ overhear. b~neH) "lh~.~W(lr~b!J,JLI i~~I;Q~[~~ lbitL'!Y!l!!V' .p.~_n Q[I"S.lj~£lilll. .

"'··Tli;i·~k thul euch cu L ret, mean each cultural form in Wcxtcrn civi-

r zauon, has had ills system of interrleral ion. its ~cchnilquc5. its mel hods. is way of s spccting hat angu;~emcans son,!clh' ng. (lthcr [h:~!_wh~'1 it!'i!¥,.:'i. and of suspec t' ng lhat -fllC-re IS language e sew here I han in language. II seems in fact that there was j. in attempt to, establish the S,YSICIll or the table, as [hey used 10 say In the seventeenth century, of al.1 these systems of

interpretat ion ~

To understand what sort of system of" interpretat ion rbe nineteent h

century four dedn, as a result. 110 what sort of system of interpreta cion WIC others, even now, belong, it seems Ito me tha it would he necessary 1,(1

, .

take a distant reference, u type olf I~nli,que ~'S may have existed .. Iorexum-

pre. in the sixteenth century. A thai li nco resemblance was what gave rise tu.interpretauon, at one and the same tiline itsgeneral silt and the minimal unity thut interpret lion had totreui. There. where things were like each other, there, W.· ere interpretation W,OIU ld resemble i tsc I I, Sl)II1C,1 hi n,g wanted ,10 be said and could be deciphered, The important role pl ayed by resernb lance ilnd al~-II the not ions ~Jllal revel Yield II i k e sa te II lites ~~ rou nd i in I he cosmology, the b018i'Y. the zoology, and Ihe philosophy of 'the sixteenth century are wen known. To tell the jruth, 10 OUf eyes as people or the twentieth century this whole network of similitudes is Iairly confused and e.,nllil,l'l,g'lle,d ~ In f'.Cl ~ lh:',s corp S 0"·' resemblance jn the sixteenth ccnu ry' 'vas perfectly organized. There wre at least Iive exactly defined notions:

~ : - The notion -of CO-l 'Vle,-I- ience [co'Ilve'/1anlc,e t propriety, expediency ~ Iit- ~ ness], convenemia, which is agre .rnent (ror'xanilp,lc,~ of IJ1C SI(lL ~ to 11·1e. ~ ' .. ody, ti'.- [I he' ... ni, n all sen C,- 1,0 the vegetable series) ~

~ T,hle noti('in of sYlnpathera~ syn:lpu.l.hy. whic,h is (hie i,lIent ily ()f aClc[i~

d-1c' "n I' ~ III n d· ;1 ll;.'"ll I~ tlIC--:·' tC' u.b-'- S·· : !,.~ n-·c·· -'S:'

I ,.- ]1 ~1.1 III .:.._ 1~1Ii' I I: .. 1. 'II") . _ . "l.t . . III

~,~'Ihc nol il().n of emul'al';o. W~l i,c:hl is file v'ler,), IC'U r i()us IJll i"t,111 C ~ iSlll (.llf

allrj'lbulct i"n sub,slanlc,es o,r +n disl:"nIC[, bIC.lngs", .sUC~l lh,al i.:ne 31(r:ib'ut,~s ()f ()rille being are' Ji~e I,hle rlef,lect:i,on of Ihe other's, a[[ribu[es~ (Thru,s IP,orta eX,lplai:ns, _,hal, Ih,e 'human f>_ce'i w'ith the sev-:'n part,s tha,l, d!isli,ngu'i~h il.., is, tile enlu~a~ I[I'On lor Ithe s'ky with Iii S se,ven p,lanes.)

. -

·~Tlle n,I' ,ilo,n, of si"glla'luraj, cll,e sig,n,,8lur,c'l whi'ch ,is the linlri'g,c' (If uni

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in,vi'~;,ib:le ~.n:·. hi J de; prloperty a : o,n' tie VIS- I e plrop'crtles. 0'_ an I~,(IIIV, __ ,UIUI,.

~Anld f_'·enl' o· c,;·.u,r.se., the notion of ICl11(Ilogie'l w~lichl is aile jldenl i'ly

. - - d'~ ~ - b-

of ,th,e lrela'_ions bell,wee,n two or more, ,. 1St Ilnc.t su:,slanccs~

. . . - ~

At th,at tin,'e,~ I,'.eheory of 'he .sign- enid the t.ech~iques of linllerpre't,a-

li,on re-slcd ·In ~3CI. :o'n, ·8. perfeccly cleu- defin~l.i,·on or all tile ploss.ib~c Ily'pes of re'sem'blance", ~'nd th,cy ha:": eSlt~blished two type's or clonlplele~y' d1~t· ncl

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resemblance to another: 11 d divine tio, which was, t' e c eep .... - owlet ge (CO,II· '.

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naissance en profondeurt, going from . superficial resemblance 10 ~ .. m,ore ~,

pro [t)IU, nd resemblance. All these resemblances manifest the consensus or the -: - -,

, ;I, '. -

world that lays their foundation: they resist the simulacrum, the false re- :

t.,., 1r-l1It)'1 un cc wh ;IC,J, rests 'I' -1 i '1'-lC· ... ~ ;S-C::- ord b·· etween G";' 0-· d and I[h- e De 'v- illl .•

~,CI I' .. ",~. '. IIJ· ~ I" ,,'1' S ,"" I "I_,'~ UII~;· •. ' _,: _' .. ,111···. '. '. .'-'. _' _ ~ ~ .1 ... -' ."::' '1_". - "

.. -

If these techniques of interpretation of the sl teenth century were lef:t . suspended by the evolution of Western thought in t e sevente __ n han ~ih·. :" ," teenth centuries. if the Baconian and Cartesian crltique Dlf esembl , mce cer- ,

tai I Jy played a large part ,i. their being P'u:[[ i - plar,e.:- theses, the nineteent _ ' century, and quite singularly M,,8,.-,X,' ietzsche, and Freud, placed us 0,- ICC.

, .

auain lin the presence o 1·'-' a new possibillty of ,~. terpretation 'T' ·-hle·-y'·· ~o-"'un"d:ed--'"

II. ,e.'1. , I _ _ I: ." . I' ,. ,~, . -.' _ _ "I _,.._ - !I ~'I. ,I.. II, I. .... .' . : " _' __'':'" _.. ' '. ,...... 11. '. I

anew the possibili y of a hermeneutic. ,. - ~

The first book or Capital and texts like The Birih of Tragedy. On th« ." . '",:

Genealogy ofMorals, and the Interpretation ofDreams ;la,c'~ us in the pres-

ence 01 '. these interpretive techniques, And the s -,QC" ,,~ effect I the type of -; <,

wound provoked in Western thought by these works ... , comes probably from something they reconstituted before our eyes ,['1- at Ma,x'i I·-·I:m,self. me teover,

C- iI'~1 II cd -I ~ I, hiero glyphs 'llil iii iT' b is-· h a' s put's" ~ . U" -- co -- ro lac-·bl· S' ·Ii"ua'·o --. sl!ln· c··

Cilj, , I' ,I ill' :.; ~, ,: _ . :,j~ . I, I.:·~I ': I~.! ....•. I _ an ,_, 1...'ml,l,.rl:_.,I.' '. ILl ,- ,. ,-, .'-:-, , ',_ ,'~,.-o

these techniques of interpre tation 'concern ourselves: si nee w -, interpret, we I interpret ourselves according :IID these techniques, ,.I is with ihese techniques or interpretation, in return, that we must question these interpreters ·W"IO

were Freud, Nietzsche, and Marx. so ihat we, a, e always returned in I, perpetual play of mirrors ..

FrAUd says somewhere that (here are three great narcissistic wounds in .

Western culture: the wound imposed by Copernicus; that made, bly Darwin, ~ when he: discovered that man was descended fro ~- I.he a, -,~._.:; ,al-d~h·-· 'wou:n .. ~· ,lJodlle by ,Freud ,hi[mse,Jf 'w'hen he, :in h~s (urn'i discovered tha' consc:io'us-es·., W'.IIS ;bascll (l'n Ihc lunCt)nsci,()us. _, wo der wh,cllher 'we coul,/~- n, -.,Il ,say ,hal by ,in'v,o~vi,ng us ~n un in.erprlctive _·task (hat a,lways ·r, :')Iec:s, upon illeJ,.F·~··--'lud, ,N'jell.zslcI11IC, a.nd ·M,a.r~·_ dild: n,ol co 'i ,slil(lu,e around! .' t an:-· ~or US:1 :Ihose m:·'rrors . w'hi,C'h :ref eel. 10 iUS, Ihe ~m,ages, who,se i_-e.x.hausible . '-onds for OU.~' con~ teln,pora,ry ,narc'jssislmj I~. : ny ca,se, and '~t ~'s' 1'0 this ~; ro,po,sa'i tha:t I w1o'lIld ~i,ke (0 make, some s __ ggest"ons~ i:t seem,s Ito me chat Marx,. " :i.tzsch'e'l B·nd F:'elud hav'e nlol s,omehow m' JI,i'plie'ldl the si'gns: i:n lh,e W~slern wO.rld.T-I, ICy have not g,iven a new meaning to ltiingswhich did nol . ave any meaning. In

-1""- h -h .-.f'-hi~~'~ d- h' . r - '" d d·'iof ... · d h .. ~~ ,

rea Ily' [' e,y :,av'e.-.·Ia,n.g,e~ t I'e n,:_J,~rle, 0', lh,e Slg,~-. ,ao: .. rno l I=: I l_'e w,a.y' :-0,

which 'th,e s,ig,n i.n genera,- coul:d. be i:nlerprel.ed,.

'Tlhe firs, .·'uc,srioln rhal .: w,an,t :[0 ·o,se ,is .·his: hve·n'IOI' _':arx Fr-eud-

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a,nd Nie,~tzsc'he rp,rofoyn,dly modified il:he - di:slrj'b~llfve, :spac~ (r~pllrlflloll,. 8,$-'

_ sessmenrl in which s . At fh~·'~···lme '.,

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geneousway '~n a space that was itself Iln, all directions homogeneous. Signs

of the earth 1',_rJ e back 101- the sky, bum they turned back as well 1,0 the

. underground world; thc,Y turned back reciprocally, 'rrom rnan jn animal. from animal 1,10 plant. From the nineteenth century on, '( ,I 31 'is, from '---reud. M ':~ '1'1 a td Nietzsche, signs are themselves silages in a much more differen ... ,j a ted s pace acco rd in g to a , d--;" - ens ~O-I" th 'aJ' (' w '- C"OIU lid" _ C(~ IIII de p'ji "1 0: "'n' "he',"

III, , IlL '_ ' , '_ ''11 '" __' I, , , _ • ' ' " ,II! " '_, II , II" -, ,"", ", _ ~'I ' u !III - - _:, 1.:1 , ',' I I, I _ ,

.,clondillioln that one understand by that not interiorjty but .. on the contrary, e. .teriori [y~

• ·1 am thinking in particular of the long deba c with dcp h (Ihal Ni,-

etzscr e never stopped maintaining. There is in the works of Nietzsche a cri ique of ideal depth, the depth of consciousness that 'he denounces as an invent ion, of the phi losophers, This depth would be, a pure, inleri'ol search for trut . Nietzsche shows ~ow dep'tP implies resignat ion, hypocrisy, the

.rnask, SOl tal 111_e interpreter, wh n hi"t surveys signs iin ordc Ito denounce them, rr ust descend [hie length of the vertical I:~ne and show 'Ihull this u,ep,'lh of Interiority is in, reality something other (han what, appears, II 'IS neces. sary, I herefore 'I that (he iruerpre Ie,: descend, I h,a( he be, as ie .s,ay~, I' Ii file good excavator or the underworld.")

But when one ::1 n J~rplr.,'~IISI I 01. e cun In real i ly traverse III is desccndi nl·g line, only (10 restore (he sparkling exteriority thai has been covered IUp and buried, The fact is thst WI ereas the interpreter must go himself 10 the bottom of things like an excavator, the movement of interpretation Is, on the contrary, one Ih,a,1 projects out over the depth, raised more and more above the depth 'I always leaving rne depth below, exposed to ever greater visibil .. iIIY~, The 1,_: epth is now' restored as an absolutely superficial secret, in such a way that the eagle's taking flight. 'he ascent of the mountain, aJI the verncality so important ·in Zarathustra, is,· in the strict sense" the reversal of depth "I , the discovery [h,~1 depth .W.aSI only a game, and a crease II}lill in the ~ surface. As I 'hie, world becomes more profound urn .er our gaze, one not ices I.':, at everything I I'ill exercised the profundity of man was, only child's pIClY ..

wonder whether lh~ s spa ialrty .. N ictzschc 'I:; 11li,ay with p ~(JfllU'ld i I y'" could be ompared 110 the. apparently ~::i Iferent game that Marx conducted ,- 'ich pla .itude, T," e concept of ~ - p~~ ,[ ltnde" is very ~ mportant in I hie works

_ . 1 .

of Marx. Al the ',cg,inn'i,ng, 0:''- Capital," he, cxplai: .s how, contrary IIl11 _ Per-

SIC' __ S, he ~·,hIIOU Id bury himself ~n file, uncertainty 10 show in fact Iltllifl there are 'neither monsters nor profound enigmas. Instead one finds Ih:al~, all there lis of profundity ln Ihe conception 'that the bourgeoisie have lor money, ofcaphal, of vaue, anc so forth is in reality only pial ilude.·

. And, of course, 'l would be necessary 1,101 recall the .tln ierpretive space

lhalt ,-;re.ud c,o:n,s. ,ill, lied t not only in Ihe c'e~e,brateld -Ioplology' of Conscilousne,s£ and • he Uncon.s(~ i«?lu.s .. I" t equ,ally 'i _ lhe rUlles 111ac h,e, ~OrmlJlaled ~or 'Plsyl~ chlolan,a,~,y'(ic alle,fl_,ion, and f',e de,ci'plherinl 'by [he an,a'll,yst of wh,a,11 ~ s sa,h afl,

II; - _.

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~~ng:he spoken "C', min." One should reca I the spaiali.ly. af er all quit material, to whict Freud auached so much im,orlanc'e. - nd which exp; ses . the pal' e -I under the watchful gaze of he psychoa .. " t st.

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xrstence .

-'llh.'I always l~pproachcd s~me ubsol ute poi r or interpretation would bet

the same -lime that 0 a breaking point (painl de ruplure]. .

In the wor ks of Freud. il is well known ho- pmges"iveyhe discovcry of (his structurally open character of interpretalion is lorced structur. I'y

idd b I' f' ..

wide open. It was done first in a very a luslve way. quit ~., hi e: .' y nseu In

. the jut' rpretation of Dreams, when Freud an alyze his ow d ems, a d .0 invoked rCU50ns of modesly or .ondiv rlge ce of a persona' sec .ct in order (0 interr pt himself. 'In the analysis of 008. one sees 8 .• -pear tbis id',c. that interpretat ion must stop itself unable to go to its conclusion [neonside .. arion of something.that some years later will be calldransferec~. ~nd then. the inexhaustibility of analysis affirms 'ts·elf across 'he e. tire sl dy of transference in .. he infinite and infinitely problematic character of th relationship of the analyzed and the analyst, '8 rei lion hip which is claJy

. constituent for psychoanalysis-pne that opens [be spice ".n which it never·

SlOPS dep~oyin itself without ever being able to ". e Ii .ished.

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as such I s':S~.J.tIrc i nlerplre~1 ~ns wh ~~ I~l. l~ j l!:~Ii!t_ 111~m~~' ves, and nut

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Thus functions rn lo~:ne-:-y",~ !IiS,,' one C'~C-:S7, ;'I .. lelined in the Critiq ue ofPolit-

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;CQI Economy, and above all in (he firs' book ,of Capital. Sl~~lp~ms also

function i,n, I hie S,EI,nlC W8,Y' in the works of Freud ~ And in (he works of NI:i~

etzsche '~Id,s, justic,t. the binary cl,.assirication of G()~Qd.J'n'~ Evi L. rhat is

,10 say. 1!JA!s. lire .~. HI. acquiri'!G,.J~is m:;w--iu!lctj91l-pl Eo.ver,in~ up (rec,oullremellli recovery] tile inter _-- retal ion I the sig;!l lo~~!Jl~ _~!I~ilpl_e g~Jflg as s:il~'nifier tha'l it still possessed at the time _of the Renaissance. ,II,S own

Il ._ - _ . _ - . -. _ _ - !iJ!iiIIII !§ac::&!,~""'" -=-:::iiII!Ii~.,~gy~ __ !l'iI' ~.. ~ ,. '1iiIr.... .... '. ~ '.""'l

t,hW~:ss ~~Ime.s _,f!I_,IOlst ~ 0 01 ien ,itse,I" and: ~II the negative concepts 'which

~~~~~~~~ - _ _. ~, .... ~ ... _ .. ·0I0III~·1110!!!'!_"1II~

~ia~-_unl il ',en~n:mained foreign to tll!Llheory o.~..Ih~~glJ_ ,£!I!Lf~~,h i nto the

~. This theory had known' on y the transparent moment and the neg-

ative penally [p,eil e] of the veil. f\!o,,}he, whol~ .e1aYJIf ~g~li~.5:Q!!~jJ_Ui.

di ,~ ~ 'Ii iii; ., h , h - CJ" f hat oluv ol -

,~on'trB ~cliolns, Oly~ o-'-ns,-'n _~ _or-L~ I:', __ ,e ense_mbl"e, 0' . t .. 8.1 e~~,~l~Y ... £.f.'_ reJ!~.ti_~'e,

fa", ,eJs, '-I 1 __ 1- le'leu "1, 1- -', an,H,/:zed so' we~~ in :h~s: 'book on N'iellzsch~(\' 'h18,S, file

-- - " -- ...... ~~. ~ ... , ................ , -~ ............ -~.

~owe_r to or.; ire itsel',nlhe interior of It!le sign.

"To put the dialectic back ~o'n,·· its feet": If this expression must have a meaning, is, :il not (,0 have justly replaced in the thickness of the sign t in that open, gaping space without end, in that space without real content (If rec-

- - . - ~

onciliation, ,Ill this play lof negauvity _hal the dialectic finally uncapped in

giving lOI it a positlve sense?

I ...

thut which many of lour contemporaries forget, mhal. hermeneutlcs andsemi(J/I{J,gy' are 'l'VO ferocious enemies. A. ,her~e,ne,~ :ic fh_l in _I,_~I,.'~ ,j~ -_'~ '~'. se ::f

around a semioloa ,'be,l,i,evin' in the ,alb - - ',-- -, ,"~!--,-:, '~I ,,:, I si zns, ... yl< U'-

I!!.J '=- - I _ __ ~ _ - - _ _ _ _

-,- ,''''' olio i!iil' r '" Ii!II '

(hie _ - :'T'CQ--,~, ' _~-,,- J"'-:-._ :,'. ,1,1' ·, __ O'-c 'li~t,e,r,]~~I'III,!_on,s.1 SiP a,s 10

c.reuleare'", .~. _~~< - wh _ ,e I, ,~' ~ ,a.rk rll.ll~s -,Iner!a ~",eur_~'e ."'indic,) "

aJl,d, s;u~·pe,cls 13,n -,UID" e~-'-"" -',,:-'1_; i,:'_:~ ,-,:' , ',' ';,: ,rxtsm .Ifl~-r_ '_~ ,'- _ c_x,. On the,

" ' - -. . - • - ~ '!! - ~ _.- - ._ _.' - 'N" b2E 4iii

other han~t a hermeneuHc .hat envelope! aro,,"-' itsel: this i.nlermed.iale r. .,~

giOn "of madness and pure ~ansuage enters into the doma.",n of lall1luageslha'l ~ever SIIOP- implicating them.selves-it is there I.hal we reco" iz-e Ni .- .

~ I,

. _,

'_

-_.-. ,.",

- - - - - - - "_ ---

,I' .' I', v _~" ~ ce coherent '- -'C -', ~ Ilient--,an.d 's:~sl,e,m" __ dM~~~~~~~~~~,_U_"~~~~~-~-~~'~~.-~~'=-~~'~-~~~_-~'

. '

. . .

'Finally, the la~l characteristic of hermeneutics; tn1erpf,euu_io!:!_ r:il1d! :it-_ s~f be.fo,re the ol?ligati.g,n of inlerRfcJing i~_!f end~essly. pJ i.la_>co~recl· ing hself From here two important conseq uences foJlowITh,~/rjrs'Uls Ihat

,.-.;,; ":, -'5X"'--:'~ - -""" '", '-", ",',' - -_ ,,_,I..! .--"-' , , ,"," ,"- _.'" "" - '" t, ,1,,1,,::... ...... ,',' ,1!J!ij;~' _-', __ '

interpretation will. be henceforth always Interpretation by rhe '··'w'ho?~;:on,e

'0: II, ~ 'II b II' h d iii 'N"·' Ito, F d' " Iii" IN"" h C 1.."" d

-':lr~Sln,a, . Y [PU. 'IHi IC,·. ,as - - ·· .. ~etzsc~~le,,'fe'U " •. ' .arx,': "n,_,:;eizllc~-e. · .• ··.·a,i.1crJ . ,N

,RO~\'tIlU',n'OII,' (Paris: Les Ediljo,tns du Minuii,l .. 1964), PPiO ,183,.....92, .. -,E,D,~

l. The I 'round table' ~ Foucau ~ t _ efers 10 was a disc _ ssion hie' d, d'ur·ing I·h,e Seventh International Philosophical Colloquium :8,1 Royaumen "II .1u'ly 4,-8:', 191644' A,I· the Colloquium on, Nietzsche, papers were presented by fouca'UI.I" Jean .'pc,'uf_l, c_ Henri Birault, Giorgio Celli and .. Iazzlno M:on,lli,na. l, Gilles Deleuze, Edouard . Gaede, Danko Grlie, Pierre Klosscwski, Karl L6wi:t,h'l Gabriel ,MI,rce,l,t Herbert W. Reichert, Boris de Schloezer, Gianni Vltl~',mOI and Jean WI'h:I~'-T'RANS""

1 • ~!!- 'I __ ~!i!~ ~' ~ , _ _ .

' ....

! .:

, .

, ..

2". ,:::r~ Frledrlch N:ie'lzsche, Daybreak. ,Se,cl'~,olin 44,6~

.3~, The reference 1,0 Perseus appears in the preface [1,0 ihe Il,rst German editioll 4,11' ('t"'/Jilt'"li,~"rl'l A,NS ~

,4~ Cf. Friedrich Nli'e,llzsche, B'eyo'n',d' Good and ,EIJ'I'~ Section 39,~ [The German

rex III wh ic L read 1£" "iii)' "'Q:-- es kiinnte selbst 'U',- G"" run d. .. :-:~L.,r-"""'hLn'li.e~lJ'- &, .. i', d" •• D--: ',al-III',M,II 8'A'III,

. ,,!II,., " II : U ,': - g, iJ! ~.. . L ~ ,1\ ... 1.011: ,- !!iIi'li> ",JI I ,;1;,, __ , _ I .1; _ _ ,0.:;:..:11 !L._ II.<I,IJI I, ',n:'Ii!i' 1111 ,.'. u,_ ,~, 1U!"~i!iII G Ii ~

hbren, dass m,Qn' (J'n seiner vijll'~8e'l Erkennmls lu'gru:n'd~ Bing~. "1 is quoted b,Y'

r::' II r h F' h I ill' IliA' ,~, I ,., b I' ii,

,roucau_,1 rrorn tne r-rencr trans atron as ' penr par ,a cQnn'Q,';SQi'nc',' al'/IIO:"' pour"alil

bien [aire parti« du fondement de I'· etre .. • "-TRANS I')

. ,s~ Cf. Friedrich Nietzsche, 10,'1 the Gel,ealOBY 0/ Morals, ,Bs~sa,y One, See-

tions 4, and S~

_ ,.

,

,"

'. .

-

no~hng but Interpretations. It seems 110 me thai one must understand wen

I I

I

;r 6~ Gilles Deleuze. Nietzsche et la phil'oJop'hie (Paris: Presses Univ'ol1,illi"F.lcs

de, France, ~962)lt, ,c',cg'l,is,h" translation: Nietzsche and' P'lJ,iloJ'op'hy~ transl __ 'I-ld b:y Hugh, Tomlinson (New 'Yo'rk: Columbia Untlvers'i,·_y Press, 1'984),~~T,R.A,N'S.

7't See, for example, ihe definition of' "ps,ycho,~o"gyIU,as "·',molrp:h,ol]!O,IY 'and ,:hl'

d " .r h ..,J "~I .1 L il/l- 'Ii !I! it B d G- d' d B .,-' 'S 'I'

, octrtne O~i me a',t'll" opmen. ~J' tne WI :, to power: , .• 'n ,,' eytJII'-_,L'ol) . Id'n, __ ,: G,",' 'il seenon

- II!! -

23~----T,RANS~ .'"

.

..

,jI

11

• I I·

. ,