OTHER CONDITIONALS

1) Unless: We usually use "unless" in order to mean "if not". If we compare the
sentence with "if not" and "unless" we will see that "NOT" is not used in the
sentences with "unless".
If you don't come, I won't invite you again.
Unless you come, I won't invite you again.

Unless you leave home at once, you will be late for work.
You can't pass the Yds exam unless you memorize a lot of words.

In the unless clause, a negative statement can also be used. In this case the
meaning is emphasized.

Don't go out in the midday sun unless you really can't avoid it.
(=Don't go out in the midday sun if you can avoid it.)

"Otherwise" which is an adverb also means "if not".

The students obey all the rules otherwise they will be punished.

2) provided/providing that, as long as/so long as, only if

These structures are all in the meaning of IF. However, the meaning is more
stressed.

You can pass the exam only if you study hard.

You can pass the exam provided that you study hard You can pass the exam
providing that you study hard.
You can pass the exam as long as you study hard.
You can pass the exam so long as you study hard.

We may use all these expressions in the beginning of the statement but the main
clause is inverted in the sentence with "only if".
Providing that you study hard, you can pass the exam.
Only if you study hard can you pass the exam.

3) Even if:
We use "even if" when we want to give the idea that a particular condition does not
matter, the result won't change.

We have decided to go on a picnic even if it rains. I won't forgive him even if he

apologizes to me Seyfeddin would have gone to the mosque even if his father hadn't
allowed.

4) Whether or not: We use "whether or not" (Not "if or not")in order to introduce
alternative conditionals. We use this item in order to express the idea that neither
this condition nor that condition matters.
 I will go to the party whether they invite me or not.
(=Even if they don't invite me to the party, I will go.)

5) Suppose that; Supposing that; On condition that; What if

Suppose (that) you won the big prize, what would you do?
Supposing (that) we miss the train, what shall we do?
You can take my dictionary on condition that you bring it back by Friday.
What if your pay check doesn't arrive in time?
(=What will happen if your pay check doesn't arrive in time?
What if he didn't come tomorrow?
(=What would happen if he didn't come tomorrow?)

What if you hadn't learnt the news?

(=What would have happened if you hadn't learned the news?)
6) In case:
It expresses a sort of precaution.

"In case and if" are completely different.

I will take my umbrella in case it rains.
I took my umbrella in case it rained.
I will go to my mother in case she needs help.
I will go to my mother if she needs help.

Tenses used with IN CASE

Main Clause In Case Subordinate Clause

Future(will or going to)
Simple Present
Simple Present
In Case Should
Present Continuous
Can, can't
Present Perfect
Past Tense
Would(used to)
Past Perfect
Past Tense In Case
should
Past Perfect
Could ,couldn't

(Note : There's a sequence of tense in "in case")

Some students are carrying lots of pencils in case they need them.

I have taken my dictionary in case I can need it.

I had a glass of water by my bed in case I got thirsty.

We may use "should" in both present and past forms. It only indicates a weak
possibility.
 He would always take his umbrella in case it should rain.
I want to give you my phone number in case you should need me.
We may express "in case" with some other expressions such as because, for fear
that... etc:

I always put some money aside in case I need it urgently.

I always put some money aside because I may need it urgently.
I always put some money aside for fear that I may need it urgently.

In case of + a noun=In the event of

In case of emergency, you can call this number.

In the event of panic, call me.

7) Otherwise/or (else)

Tom always eats breakfast. Otherwise he gets hungry. (=If he doesn't eat
breakfast...)
Tom always eats breakfast, or(else) he gets hungry.

8) and

Stay at home for two days, and you'll feel better.

(=If you stay at home for two days, you'll feel better.)

9) But

I would visit you, but I don't know your address.

(=I would visit you if I knew your address.)

I would have phoned you, but I didn't know you were ill.
(=I would have phoned you if I had known you were ill.)

10) But for

We use "but for" for type-2 and type-3

My husband pays the fees, but for that I wouldn't be here for a while.
My husband paid the fees, but for that I wouldn't have been there.
But for your help, I wouldn't pass the exam.
I passed the exam. But for your help, I wouldn't have passed it.

11) Without

Without his generous contributions, we could never have held the the Charity Ball.
(=If he hadn't contributed generously...)
I can't possibly finish this job without any help.
(=I can't possibly finish this job if I don't get any help.)

12) Omission of if

"if" is sometimes left out in conversational style.

You touch me again, I'll kick your teeth in. (=If you touch again ...)

1. You can borrow my car (unless/as long as) you promise not to drive too fast.

2. I'm playing tennis tomorrow (unless/providing) it rains.

3. I'm playing tennis tomorrow (unless/providing) it doesn't rain.

4. I don't mind if you come home late (unless/as long as) you come in quietly.

5. I'm going now (unless/provided) you want me to stay.

6. I don't watch TV (unless/as long as) I've got nothing else to do.

7. Children are allowed to use the swimming pool (unless/provided) they are with an adult.

8. (Unless/Provided) they are with an adult, children are not allowed to use the swimming
pool.

9. We can sit here in the corner (unless/as long as) you'd rather sit over there by the window.

10. You won't pass the exam (unless - as long as) you try a bit harder.

1. She's a sweet person that you don't contradict her.

2. You can't borrow my camera you're prepared to buy me a new one if you break it.
3. Camping is fun as you don't forget the torch and the can-opener.
4. I refuse to go you come with me.
5. A great white shark will be nice to you as you don't strike its nose.
6. that the weather is good, we'll spend the day in the mountains.
7. I refuse to watch Channel Two, they show less adverts.
8. I can find a cheaper one, I'll have to buy that monitor.
9. as you wear a bullet-proof jacket, being a president is a safe job.
10. you're prepared to work very hard .you will never be a doctor.
Upper-intermediate grammar exercise:
unless, in case of, in case, as long as

Fill the gap in each sentence with as long as, in case of, in case or unless.

1I'm taking last year's accounts with me to the tax office they want to look at the
figures.

2I won't mention that he's left someone asks.

3It'll be worth our while to continue producing large quantities we continue to

market and promote the product. Otherwise, we should slow down production.

4The bank will continue to transfer the interest to your current account instructed
otherwise.

5The organisers of the event have made arrangements for indoor as well as outdoor activities
rain.

6 you hear otherwise, assume there'll be sixteen of us coming to the conference.

7We're prepared to go ahead with it it doesn't jeopardise our positions.

8We've installed an alarm link with the local police station burglary.

9It's a bit cloudy. Take an umbrella it rains!

10 a fire in the building, sound the alarm as soon as possible and then leave via the
stairs.

Bottom of Form
In case
We use in case to express that we are doing
something in preparation for something which
might happen.
In case of
We use in case of to say what we should do if or
when something happens.
As long as
We use as long as to express a condition, i.e. to
say that something will happen only on
condition that something else happens.
As long as expresses that one thing depends on back before midnight.
another.
As long as has the same meaning as providing
or provided.
Unless
Unless expresses a condition.
We use unless to say that a particular action or the interview.)
situation will occur only if another specified
action happens earlier.
We dont use will after unless.
Take an umbrella in case it rains!
I'll buy some more wine in case this bottle is not
enough.
In case of fire, leave the building as quickly as
possible.
(= If there is a fire, leave the building.)
I'll lend you the book as long as you promise to
give me it back next week.
(= If you don't promise to give the book back
next week, I will not lend you it.)
You can go to the party as long as you come
(= You can go to the party, but you must promise
to be back before midnight.)
You can go to the party providing / provided
you come back before midnight.
We're going skiing next week providing /
provided there's enough snow.
You won't get the job unless you prepare for the
interview.
(= You will get the job only if you prepare for
Don't do it unless he tells you to.
(= Do it only if he tells you to do it.)
I wont go to the party unless she invites me.
I wont go unless she will invite me.