All About Arduino Boards:

Arduino is the easiest controller for making projects. Now a days students prefer to use
Arduino for making projects. The problem is that which board we should use. whats is the configurations of
all arduino boards. How can we know that which board is the best for our project.
After getting-started-with-arduino-sketch.

So here is the detail of all arduino boards that are mostly used. So it will make your life a little easier to
choose the board related to your project.

History and founders of Arduino:

Naw a days Arduino is open source electronic device and easy to use hardware and software.
Arduino is used mostly in projects in university, colleges, schools the reason is that it is very easy to use. its
programming is very simple.

Arduino, sold as Genuino, due to a trademark dispute, outside the U.S. and U.K., is a hardware and
software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures computer open-source
hardware, open-source software, and microcontroller-based kits for building digital devices and interactive
objects history.

Colombian student Hernando Barragn created the development platform Wiring as his Master's thesis
project in 2004 at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) in Ivrea, Italy. Massimo Banziand Casey
Reas (known for his work on Processing) were supervisors for his thesis.

For programming the microcontrollers, the Arduino project provides an integrated development
environment (IDE) based on the Processing project, which includes support for the C and C++
programming languages.
Board Designing Hardware and Software:
Arduino is a computer hardware and software company, project, and user community that
designs and manufactures Microcontroler kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can
sense and control objects in the physical world.

The project's products are distributed as open-source hardware and software, which are licensed under the
GNU Lesser General public License (LGPL) or the GNU General public License (GPL), permitting the
manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards
are available commercially in preassembled form, or as do it your self kits.

The project's board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. These systems provide sets of
digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards ("shields") and
other circuits. The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on
some models, for loading programs from personal computers.

The microcontrollers are mainly programmed using a dialect of features from the programming languages C
and C++. In addition to using traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino project provides an integrated
development environment (IDE) based on the processing language project.

The Arduino project started in 2005 as a program for students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivera in
Ivrea, Italy, aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and professionals to create devices that
interact with their environment using sensors and actuators. Common examples of such devices intended for
beginner hobbyists include simple robot, thermostats, and motion detectors.

BOARDS OF ARDUINO

Arduino Uno (types of arduino boards):

Arduino uno have processor of AtTmega3828 and it is operating at 5 volt DC we can give
input voltage for starting by using the prob which is given with arduino attach the wire with your computer
and arduino board and then start program or if your arduino is attached with robots or somewhere far from
your computer so you can also powered ON Arduino by using battery but remember battery is in between 7
to 12 volts if you are exceeding from 12 volt your arduino board burn out.

Arduino uno has CPU speed 16Mhz. In all arduino boards you have pins some pins are analog and some are
digital and pwm in arduino uno you have 6 analog input pins and 14 digital input/output pins and 6 pwm
pins. Students mostly used Uno in their projects Because it has enough pins if you are using carefully or if
you want more pins then you can see a verity of Arduinos in my artical Below where you got more pins to
make easy your projects.
ATmega2560 (types of arduino boards):

Arduino mega have processor of AtTmega2560 and it is operating at 5 volt DC we can give
input voltage for starting by using the prob which is given with arduino attach the wire with your computer
and arduino board and then start program or if your arduino is attached with robots or somewhere far from
your computer so you can also powered ON Arduino by using battery but remember battery is in between 7
to 12 volts if you are exceeding from 12 volt your arduino board burn out.

Arduino mega has CPU speed 16Mhz. In all arduino boards you have pins some pins are analog and some
are digital and pwm in arduino mega you have 16 analog input pins and 54 digital input/output pins and 15
pwm pins.

The ATmega2560 on the Mega 2560 comes preprogrammed with a bootloader that allows you to upload
new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original
STK500 protocol The Mega 2560 has a resettable polyfuse that protects your computer's USB ports from
shorts and overcurrent. Although most computers provide their own internal protection, the fuse provides an
extra layer of protection. If more than 500 mA is applied to the USB port, the fuse will automatically break
the connection until the short or overload is removed.

The Mega 2560 can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The power
source is selected automatically.

The power pins are as follows:

1. Vin. The input voltage to the board when it's using an external power source (as opposed to 5
volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply voltage through this
pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.
2. 5V. This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be
supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB connector (5V), or the VIN
pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can
damage your board. We don't advise it.
3. 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50
mA.
4. GND. Ground pins.
 5. IOREF. This pin on the board provides the voltage reference with which the microcontroller
operates. A properly configured shield can read the IOREF pin voltage and select the appropriate
power source or enable voltage translators on the outputs for working with the 5V or 3.3V.
The Mega 2560 has 16 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024
different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper
end of their range using the AREF pin and analog reference function.

Here Rx, Tx led mini usb port 3 volt and 5 volt switch Reset button for reset in any condition
where arduino makes any problem you can reset it. Dc to Dc chip for current and also the processing chip
Mega 2560.

AT91SAM3X8E (types of arduino boards):

The Arduino Due is the first Arduino board based on a 32-bit ARM core processor, the
Atmel AT91SAM3X8E ARM Cortex-M3 MCU running at 84 MHz. It improves upon all the standard
Arduino functionalities and adds new features.

The AT91 is pre-programmed with the Arduino bootloader that allows you to upload code to it via
USB.Arduino AT91SAM3X8E have processor of AT91SAM3X8E and it is operating at 3.3 volt DC we can
give input voltage for starting by using the prob which is given with arduino attach the wire with your
computer and arduino board and then start program or if your arduino is attached with robots or somewhere
far from your computer so you can also powered ON Arduino by using battery but remember battery is in
between 7 to 12 volts if you are exceeding from 12 volt your arduino board burn out.
Arduino uno has CPU speed 84Mhz. In all arduino boards you have pins some pins are analog and some are
digital and pwm in arduino uno you have 12 analog input pins and 2 analog output pins and 54 digital
input/output pins and 12 pwm pins.The Due has two USB connectors.

The micro-USB Type AB connector nearest the reset button is the native USB port capable of acting as USB
Host, so you can connect a USB peripheral like a mouse, keyboard or smartphone. It also allows for serial
(CDC) communication over USB, providing a serial connection to the Serial Monitor or other applications
on your computer. The micro-USB Type B connector next to the power jack is intended for
programming/debugging purposes.

WARNING: Unlike previous Arduino boards, this is a 3.3V system. Providing 5V to an

input pin will damage the board. Make sure any shields you use do not return 5V (many do).

This board features:

54 digital I/O interfaces (12 of which can be used as PWM output)
12 analogue inputs
4 UARTs
84 MHz clock
USB OTG
2 D/A converters
SPI header
Power supply
JTAG header
Reset/erase button

Technical data:
SAM3X8E ARM Cortex-M3
Operating voltage: 3.3 V
Digital inputs/outputs: 54
Analogue inputs: 12

ARDUINO NANO (types of arduino boards):

 The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the
ATmega328. It has more or less the same functionality of the Arduino Duemilanove, but in a different
package. It lacks only a DC power jack, and works with a Mini-B USB cable instead of a standard one. The
Nano was designed and is being produced by Gravitech.

Arduino nano have processor of AtTmega168/328 and it is operating at 5 volt DC we can give input voltage
for starting by using the prob which is given with arduino attach the wire with your computer and arduino
board and then start program or if your arduino is attached with robots or somewhere far from your
computer so you can also powered ON Arduino by using battery but remember battery is in between 7 to 12
volts if you are exceeding from 12 volt your arduino board burn out.

Arduino mega has CPU speed 16Mhz. In all arduino boards you have pins some pins are analog and some
are digital and pwm in arduino mega you have 8 analog input pins and 14 digital input/output pins and 6
pwm pins.

Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are
connected to the corresponding pins of the FTDI USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a
rising or falling edge, or a change in value.
PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication, which,
although provided by the underlying hardware, is not currently included in the Arduino language.
LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED
is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.

SKETCH or Programming:

Arduino has very simple programming that why it is called a sketch not a program. for detail
about programming sketch click getting-started-with-arduino
An easy-to-use instruction is as important as the product itself. We are expecting this new system will
improve your experience when using Arduino products. However since this is the Starting, there are still
many things need to improve.