Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
Objectives
Substituting, we get
Now we define the equilibrium constant KP for the
chemical equilibrium of ideal-gas mixtures as
Substituting, we find
KP = 2 x 10-160
Assumptions
1 The constituents of the mixture are ideal gases.
2 The equilibrium mixture consists of H2 and H only.
Analysis
This is a dissociation process that is significant
at very high temperatures only. For simplicity we
consider 1 kmol of H2, as shown in Fig. 8. The
stoichiometric and actual reactions in this case
are as follows:
Analysis
This is a dissociation process that is significant
at very high temperatures only. For simplicity we
consider 1 kmol of H2, as shown in Fig. 8. The
stoichiometric and actual reactions in this case
are as follows:
A double-headed arrow is used for the
stoichiometric reaction to differentiate it from the
actual reaction. This reaction involves one reactant
(H2) and one product (H). The equilibrium
composition consists of 0.9 kmol of H2 (the
leftover reactant) and 0.2 kmol of H (the newly
formed product). Therefore, NH2 0.9 and NH 0.2 and
the equilibrium constant KP is determined
from Eq. 15 to be
From Table A00, the temperature corresponding
to this KP value is
Substituting
G*(T) = H*(T) - T S*(T)
into the above relation and differentiating with
respect to temperature, we get
T ds = dh - v dP,
T ds = dh.
T d(S*) = d(H*)
Solution:
The hR at a specified temperature is to be determined
using the enthalpy and Kp data.
Assumptions
Both the reactants and the products are ideal gases.
Analysis (a) The of the combustion process of H2
at 2000 K is the amount of energy released as 1
kmol of H2 is burned in a steady-flow combustion
chamber at a temperature of 2000 K. It can be
determined from
Substituting yields
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
dmg = - dmf.
Therefore, the two phases of a pure
substance are in equilibrium when each
phase has the same value of specific Gibbs
function.
EXAMPLE
where
IV the number of independent variables,
C the number of components,
And
PH the number of phases present in equilibrium.
Phase Equilibrium for a Multi-component
System