Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises

Chapter 5

Motion

2. Average speed of A = 44 = 1 cm s1 = 0.01 m s1

Checkpoint
Average speed of B = 44 = 1 cm s1 = 0.01 m s1
Average velocity of A = 44 = 1 cm s1 = 0.01 m s1 to
Checkpoint 1 (p.12)
the right
1
Average velocity of B = 314 = 0.5 cm s =
1. B
1
0.005 m s to the right
2. B
3. A The ferries have different average velocities as
3. (a) Total distance = 160 + 160 + 240 = 560 m they travel towards different directions.
(b) Keiths overall displacement is
240 m to the east. Checkpoint 3 (p.27)

1. Table:
4. (a) Total distance = 5 20 = 100 cm

(b) dummy
time / s 0 1 2 3 10
velocity / m s1 0 2 4 6 20

2. (a) F An object moving faster may not have a

larger change in velocity (i.e. higher accel-
eration). For example, an object moving at a
constant high speed along a straight line has
zero acceleration.
(b) F A braking car is moving forward, but since
its velocity is decreasing, its acceleration is
pointing backward.
Magnitude of the displacement (c) T Its velocity stays unchanged.
p
= 202 + 402 = 44.72 44.7 cm
Direction of the displacement:
3. (a) No.
20 You are not undergoing acceleration when you
tan = = 26.57 26.6
40 are moving at a constant speed along a straight
Therefore the overall displacement of the bee line.
is 44.7 cm (N 26.6 E). (b) Yes.
You are undergoing acceleration whenever you
are speeding up.
(c) Yes.
Checkpoint 2 (p.21) You are undergoing acceleration whenever you
are changing your direction of motion.
1. Table:
(d) No.
You are not undergoing acceleration when you
time / s 0 1 2 3 10
are moving at a constant speed along a straight
displacement / cm 0 5 10 15 50 line.
2| Chapter 5 Motion Checkpoint Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises

(e) Yes. Checkpoint 6 (p.49)

You are undergoing acceleration whenever you
are changing your direction of motion. 1. Take the initial direction of motion of the motorcy-
cle as positive.
Given: s = 500 m u = 50 m s1 v = 100 m s1
Checkpoint 4 (p.34)
We have to ind t using the equation
1. A The s t graph of car P has a larger slope. 1
s = (u + v)t
2
2. C From the graph, we can see that the car slows
down initially (i.e. v decreases in magnitude), then Hence, we get
reverses its direction of motion (i.e. v becomes
1
zero), and eventually speeds up (i.e. v increases in 500 = (100 + 50)t
2
magnitude but carries a negative sign). Hence, the t = 6.667 s
car is making a U-turn.
It takes 6.67 s for the motorcycle to accelerate.
3. (a) Acceleration
= slope of the v t graph 2. Take the initial direction of motion of the car as
10 5 positive.
= = 1 m s2
50 Given: s = 50 m v = 0 a = 5 m s2
(b) Overall displacement We have to ind u using the equation
= total area under the v t graph
(5 + 10)(5) v 2 u 2 = 2as
= = 37.5 m
2

Hence, we get
Checkpoint 5 (p.40)
02 u 2 = 2(5)(50)
1. During time t = 05 s, Simon walks u = 22.36 m s1
away from the sensor at an average
velocity of 0.3 m s1 .
The speed of the car before the car braked is
1
Slope = 20.5
50 = 0.3 m s 22.4 m s1 .
During time t = 510 s, Simon walks
towards the sensor at an average Checkpoint 7 (p.61)
velocity of 0.2 m s1 .
21
Slope = 105 = 0.2 m s1 1. Table:

2. Graphs:
time / s velocity / m s1 displacement / m

0 20 0
1 10 15
2 0 20
3 10 15
4 20 0

2. (a) F Both balls accelerate at the same rate under

gravity, regardless of what they are made of.
(b) T Its upward motion is slowing down.
Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises Chapter 5 Motion Exercise |3

3. Take the upward direction as positive. Therefore, the smallest and the largest dis-
Given: u = 5 m s1 a = 9.81 m s2 t = 3 s placements of the marble are 2 cm and 6 cm
We have to ind s . respectively.
By the equation s = ut + 12 at 2 ,
6. Electronic timing is more accurate than using
1 stopwatches.
s = (5)(3) + (9.81)(3)2 It is because the error due to the reaction times
2
= 29.145 m of the timekeepers are signi icant in the results of
swimming competitions. The inishing times of the
Hence, the cliff is 29.145 m high. swimmers are so close that the ranks determined by
the readings of stopwatches may be inaccurate due
to the reaction time.
Exercise
7. (a) Displacements: dummy

Exercise 5.1 (p.12)

1. (a) 4.5 km = 4.5 1000 = 4500 m

(b) 3.2 cm = 3.2 102 = 0.032 m

(c) 6.5 h = 6.5 60 60 = 23 400 s
(d) 19 min = 19 60 = 1140 s

2. C

3. A Only cars P and Q have the same initial and inal

positions.

4. It represents the distance.

The driver concerns mainly how far the car has to
(b) Adding the displacement vectors using the tip-
travel to reach the destination (i.e. distance), but not
to-tail method:
the length of the straight line path to the destination
(i.e. displacement).

5. The following shows the path of the marble when its

displacement is the smallest.

The following shows the path of the marble when its

displacement is the largest. #
Magnitude of AD :

AD = 802 + 502 94.3 m

#
Direction of AD :
50
tan = 32.0
80

So the displacement is 94.3 m (S 32.0 W).

4| Chapter 5 Motion Exercise Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises

8. (a) The distance travelled = 120+360+82 = 562 cm .

(b) The displacement
= (+120) + (360) + (+82) = 158 cm.
So the displacement is 158 cm to the left.
(c) No.
The displacement of the ball does not depend
on the choice of the positive direction. Magnitude of the displacement:
9. (a) The distance travelled by Linda
AB = 702 + 902 114 m
= 1.5 + 2.5 + 3 = 7 m .
(b) dummy Direction of the displacement:

90
tan = 52.1
70

So the distance travelled by Joseph is 200 m ,

and his displacement is 114 m (S 52.1 E).
(b) The distance travelled by Joseph would
increase but his overall displacement would
Magnitude of the displacement: remain unchanged.

AD = (1.5 + 3)2 + 2.52 5.15 m
Exercise 5.2 (p.22)

Direction of the displacement:

1. (a) Yes
2.5
tan = = 29.05 (b) Yes
1.5 + 3
(c) No
So, Lindas displacement is 5.15 m

(N 61.0 E). 2. (a) 110 km h1 = 110

3.6 30.6 m s1
(b) 55 cm s1 = 55 102 = 0.55 m s1
10. (a) The distance travelled = (3 + 6 + 6)(1000) =
15 000 m . (c) 9 km min1 = 9000
60 = 150 m s1

(b) Ottos path: 3. (a) T

(b) T

(c) T

4. (a) Time taken to go through the tunnel

(260)+10
= 6060 = 0.036 11 h
Average speed
= total distance
total time =
2.6
0.03611 72 km h1

No.
Magnitude of the displacement:
Her average speed is lower than the speed

s= (6 3)2 + 62 = 6.7082 km 6710 m limit (80 km h1 ).
(b) She is ined because her speed at a certain
Direction of the displacement: instant is higher than the speed limit.
63 5. (a) Average speed
tan = 26.6
6
= total distance
total time =
(0.84)+0+(12)
4+6+2 0.433 m s1

Ottos displacement is 6710 m (N 26.6 W).

11. (a) Distance travelled = 12 2( 70

2 ) + 90 200 m
Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises Chapter 5 Motion Exercise |5

(b) Take the direction to the right as positive. Time required for Mandy to run from B to C
Displacement from O to B : = 2(6/2)(1/2)
4 = 2.356 s.
Time taken for the whole journey
s = (0.8 4) (1 2) = +1.2 m = 1.885 + 2.356 = 4.241 4.24 s .
(b) Average speed = 2(6/2)
4.241 = 4.44 m s1 .
Average velocity:
62
(c) Average velocity = 4.241 = 2.83 m s1 due east.
s 1.2
v= = = +0.1 m s1
t 4+6+2
8. Let d be the distance between X and Y .
Hence, the average velocity is 0.1 m s1 towards
The total time taken for the whole journey
the right.
= d2 + d1 = 3d 2 .
(c) The time required to travel from B to O The average speed
= 1.2
1 = 1.2 s. = total distance 2d 4
total time = 3d /2 = 3 1.33 m s .
1

2(0.84)
The average speed = 4+6+2+1.2 0.485 m s1 .
The overall displacement = 0. Exercise 5.3 (p.28)
The average velocity = 0 .
1. C The acceleration of the car is the greatest when
6. (a) The distance travelled = 50 (2 + 4) = 300 km.
the difference between u and v is the greatest.
The average speed = 3001000
63600 13.9 m s
1
.
2. B For a braking car, the direction of its accelera-
Alternative Solution:
Since the speed of the car remains at 50 km h1
tion is opposite to its velocity.
during the 6 hours, the average speed is 3. The cyclist undergoes acceleration at A , C and D
50 km h1 13.9 m s1 .
because he gains speed, changes his direction of
(b) dummy motion, and slows down respectively. He does not
undergo acceleration at B because he maintains his
speed.

4. Take the forward direction as positive.

vu
By a = t , we have

v 8
Overall displacement: 2= v = 20 m s1
6

s= (50 2)2 + (50 4)2 = 223.6 km The speed of the boat is 20 m s1 after 6 s.

Magnitude of the velocity: 5. Take the forward direction as positive. When the
minibus speeds up, by a = vu
t , we have
s 223.6 1000
v= = 10.4 m s1 15 0
t 6 3600 3= t =5s
t
Direction of the velocity:
vu
When it slows down, by a = t , we have
50 4
tan = 63.4
50 2 0 15
1.5 = t = 10 s
t
So the average velocity is 10.4 m s1

(N 63.4 E). The total time of travel = 5 + 10 + 10 = 25 s .

(c) No. 6. (a) Take the forward direction as positive.

vu
The velocity of the car changes when it changes By a = t , we have
its direction of motion.
6 18
a= = 0.6 m s2
7. (a) Time required for Mandy to run from A to B 20
= 2(6/2)(1/2)
5 = 1.885 s.
So the deceleration of the train is 0.6 m s2 .
6| Chapter 5 Motion Exercise Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises

vu
(b) By a = t , we have

06
0.6 = t = 10 s
t

The train takes a further 10 s to stop.

7. Take the direction away from the racket as positive.

By a = vu
t , we have

8 (8)
a= = 32 m s2
0.5

The acceleration of the ball is 32 m s2 away from

the racket.
0.80
(b) Velocity = slope of the s t graph = 200 =
8. (a) The skater slides up the ramp with a decreas-
0.04 m s1 .
ing speed until she reaches the highest point,
The average velocity of the tank is 0.04 m s1
where she is momentarily at rest. Then she
forward.
slides down the ramp with an increasing speed.
(b) Take the direction up the ramp as the positive. 6. (a) Take the forward direction as positive.
By a = vu Sketch of the v t graph:
t , we have

2 2
0.8 = t =5s
t

She will reach a speed of 2 m s1 again 5s

later.

Exercise 5.4 (p.41)

150
1. (a) Slope = 0.80 = 18.75 m s1 (b) The distance travelled = (0.5+2.5)15
2 = 22.5 m.
(b) Slope = 12.7
200 = 0.085 m s2 The car moves for a distance of 22.5 m after
the driver sees the dog.
(c) Area = (90+120)60
2 = 6300 m

7. (a) From the graph, the shop is 160 m due east of

2. A The s t graph shows that the two cars have the
Jeffs home.
same displacement at t = T .
(b) Velocity during time t = 05 min:
3. C Between t = 0 and t = T , the area under the
v t graph of car B has smaller area. So, car B has a 160
v= 0.533 m s1
smaller displacement and lags behind car A at time 5 60
t =T. Velocity during time t = 811 min:
4. A Graphs B and D mismatch the decelerating and 160
accelerating stages. Graph C fails in the inal stage. v= = 0.889 m s1
3 60
Option B could be correct if the backward direction of the bus
Jeff travels towards the east at a constant speed
was taken as positive. But it is not natural. Besides, there are too
of 0.533 m s1 during t = 05 min. He then
many types of motion that can produce such an a t graph.
remains at rest during t = 58 min. Finally he
5. (a) Plot of the s t graph: dummy goes back to his starting position steadily at a
speed of 0.889 m s1 during t = 811 min.
(c) The total distance travelled by Jeff
= (160)(2) = 320 m .
The total displacement of Jeff = 0 .
Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises Chapter 5 Motion Exercise |7

3
8. (a) During t = 00.5 s, the acceleration = 0.5 =
6 m s2 away from the sensor.

During t = 0.52 s, the acceleration = 0 .

(b) The trolley accelerates uniformly at 6 m s2
away from the sensor during t = 00.5 s. Then
it travels at a constant velocity of 3 m s1 away
from the sensor during t = 0.52 s.
(c) The overall displacement of the trolley
= (1.5+2)3
2 = 5.25 m away from the sensor.

200
9. (a) For time t = 035 s, the acceleration = 350 Consider the slope of the s t graph during
0.571 m s2 . t = 10T , we have
For time t = 35100 s, the acceleration = 0.
0 20
For time t = 100140 s, the acceleration = 4 T= 15 s
T 10
020
= 140100 = 0.5 m s2 .
(c) When she goes back, her velocity
Therefore, the a t graph is change in displacement +20
= time taken = 5 = 4 m s1 .
Therefore, the plot of the v t graph becomes

(b) The overall displacement of the train

= area under the v t graph = [(10035)+140]20
2 =
2050 m.
2050
The average velocity = 140 14.6 m s1

forward.
(c) Let T be the time when the train is midway
between the stations. Considering the dis-
placement of that position from the departing
11. (a) The car travels at a uniform speed during
station, we have
t =1220 s as its acceleration is zero and its

[(T 35) + T ] 20) 2050 velocity is non-zero during that period.

=

2
2 (b) No.
2T 35 = 102.5 At t = 1012 s, the car still speeds up (a > 0)
T= 68.75 s but the magnitude of its acceleration (i.e. the
change in velocity) decreases.
10. (a) The distance travelled = 5 4 + 4 (20 10) =
12. (a) Car Ahas a greater acceleration, because its
60 m .
graph has a greater initial slope.
The displacement = (5)(4) + (4)(20 10) =
(b) The initial acceleration of car A
20 m.
= 30
2 = 15 m s
2
forward.
So the displacement is 20 m backward.
The initial acceleration of car B
(b) Let T be the required time. The following 40
= 4 = 10 m s
2
forward.
shows the s t graph of Sara.
8| Chapter 5 Motion Exercise Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises

(c) Car B overtakes car A at the time when 5. (a) Take the direction to the right as positive. By
their displacements (the areas under their v = u + at , we have
v t graphs) are the same. Let T be the
corresponding time. 1 = 0 + a(0.02) a = 50 m s2

[(T 2) + T ] 30 [(T 4) + T ] 40 The acceleration of the ball is 50 m s2

=

2
2 towards the right.
3(2T 2) = 4(2T 4)
(b) By v 2 u 2 = 2as , we have
3T 3 = 4T 8
T= 5s 02 0.42 = 2(0.1)s
s = 0.8 m > 0.7 m
13. (a) The velocity of the car during t = 010 s
= 8010 1 Yes. The black ball will fall into the pocket.
10 = 7 m s .
The velocity of the car during t = 2030 s 6. Take the forward direction as positive. Let t 1 and
120110 1
= 3020 = 1 m s . t 2 be the time taken for the runner to accelerate
First of all, the car starts moving from the and move at a constant velocity respectively. By
starting point at a constant speed of 7 m s1 v = u + at , we have
during t = 010 s. And then it decelerates from
v = 7 m s1 to v = 1 m s1 during t = 1020 s. It 10 = 0 + (3.3)t 1 t 1 = 3.030 s
inally moves at at a constant speed of 1 m s1
during t = 2030 s. Let s 1 be the displacement of the runner during the
12010 acceleration. By v 2 u 2 = 2as , we have
(b) The average velocity = 30 3.67 m s1

forward.
102 0 = 2(3.3)s s 1 = 15.15 m
14. (a) The trolley in case A moves at a constant
velocity while that in case B accelerates. The displacement of the runner after the accelera-
tion is
(b) The trolley in case B has a higher average
s 2 = 100 15.15 = 84.85 m
velocity. The number of ticks on the tapes of
A and B are 9 and 7 respectively. The trolley Therefore, t 2 = vs22 = 84.85
10 = 8.485 s. The inishing
in case B takes less time to travel the same time of the runner = 3.030 + 8.485 11.5 s .
distance, and hence it has a higher average
7. (a) By s = ut + 12 at 2 , we have
velocity.
1
54 = 0 + a(6)2 a = 3 m s2
2
Exercise 5.5 (p.50)
The acceleration is 3 m s2 forward.
1. A Nancy measures the values of the time t and the (b) By s = ut + 12 at 2 , at t = 4 s, we have
displacement s in order to ind the acceleration a .
Since we know that the initial velocity u = 0, the best 1
s = 0 + (3)(4)2 = 24 m
option is A. 2

2. B Given that u = 0. By v 2 u 2 = 2as , we have Therefore, x = 24 .

p 8. (a) Take the direction to the left as positive. By

v 2 0 = 2ad v2 d v d s = ut + 12 at 2 , we get

3. v avg = st = (u+v)t
1t = u+v 1
C 2 2 s = 0 + (6)(3)2 = 27 m
2
(u+v)t
4. Take the forward direction as positive. By s = 2 ,
we have (b) By v = u + at , we have v = 0 + (6)(3) = 18 m s1 .
(c) The distance travelled by the deer during the
(0 + 5)t
0.16 = t= 0.064 s chase is s = 27 18 = 9 m.
2
So the speed of the deer v = st = 93 = 3 m s1 .
Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises Chapter 5 Motion Exercise |9

9. (a) Take the direction to the left as positive. Hence, the total distance travelled by the car is
12 + 30 = 42 m > 40 m.
450
450 km h1 = = 125 m s1 No. The car cannot stop before the traf ic light.
3.6
11. (a) Take the upstream direction as positive.
By v 2 u 2 = 2as , we have
Assume that the boat passes A at time t = 0.
By s = ut + 21 at 2 , we have
v 2 1252 = 2(5)(1200)

v = 2(5)(1200) + 1252 1
12 = 4t + (0.5)t 2
2
= 60.21 60.2 m s1
0 = t 2 16t + 48
So the speed of the plane is 60.2 m s1 when it t = 4 s or 12 s
goes beyond the runway.
The boat reaches B for the irst time at t = 4 s
(b) By v 2 u 2 = 2as , we have
and the second time at t = 12 s. Therefore the
0 60.212 = 2a(250) answer is 12 s .

0 60.212 (b) By v 2 u 2 = 2as , we have

a=
2(250)
v 2 42 = 2(0.5)(12)
= 7.25 m s2
v2 = 4
The deceleration of the plane is 7.25 m s2 v = 2 m s1 or 2 m s1
after it goes beyond the runway.
(c) Let t1 and t 2 be the time intervals that the Therefore, the velocity of the boat when it
plane moves on the runway and the ield reaches B for the second time is 2 m s1
respectively. downstream.
As v = u + at t= vu Positive v means the boat moves upstream and
a , we have
negative v means the boat moves downstream.
60.21 125
t1 = = 12.96 s 12. By v 2 u 2 = 2as , we have s = v 2 u 2
5 2a . Hence,
0 60.21
t2 = = 8.305 s 202 402 1200
7.25 s1 = =
2a 2a
So the total time taken = 12.96 + 8.305 21.3 s . 0 202 400
s2 = =
2a 2a
10. (a) From the graph, his reaction time is 0.8 s .
012
(b) The acceleration = 40.8 = 3.75 m s2 . Combining the equations, we have
So the deceleration of the car is 3.75 m s2 . s 1 : s 2 = 1200 : 400 = 3 : 1 .

(c) The total distance travelled by the car

= area under the v t graph Exercise 5.6 (p.61)
= (0.8+4)(12)
2 = 28.8 m < 32 m.
Yes. The car can stop before the traf ic light. 1. D The acceleration due to gravity always points
(d) The distance travelled by the car before downwards regardless of the motion of the ball.
braking 2. A The graph given is a s t graph, whose area
under the curve has no physical meaning.
s 1 = v 1 t 1 = 15 0.8 = 12 m
3. C

By v 2 u 2 = 2as , the distance travelled by the 4. Take the downward direction as positive.
car during the braking process is By s = ut + 12 at 2 , we have

0 152 = 2(3.75)s 2 * 0 + 1 (9.81)t 2


112 = 
ut
s 2 = 30 m 2
t = 4.778 s or 4.778 s (rejected)
10 | Chapter 5 Motion Exercise Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises

Average speed s = ut + 12 at 2 , we have

s 112 1
v= = 23.4 m s1 10 = (3)t + (9.81)t 2
t 4.778 2
0 = 4.905t 2 3t 10
Since the release takes place at t = 0, a negative time
indicates a time instant before the release. This solution is t = 1.766 1.77 s or 1.154 s (rejected)
physically impossible and is therefore rejected.
So she takes 1.77 s to reach the water surface.
5. (a) Take the downward direction as positive.
(b) By v = u + at , we have
By s = ut + 12 at 2 , we have
v = 3 + (9.81)(1.766) 14.3 m s1
s =* 0 + 1 (9.81)(2)2 19.6 m

ut
2
Her velocity when she reaches the water
The depth of the well is 19.6 m . surface is 14.3 m s1 downward.
(b) By v = u + at , we have
9. (a) Take the downward direction as positive. By
v = u + at , we have
v = 0 + (9.81)(2) = 19.62 m s1

0 = 2 + 9.81t t = 0.2039 0.204 s

The velocity of the coin when it reaches the
water surface is 19.62 m s1 downward.
The ish reaches the highest point at t = 0.204 s .
1 2
6. By s = ut + 2 at , we have (b) Consider the motion of the ish before it
reaches the highest point. By s = ut + 12 at 2 ,
1 =* 0 + 1 (9.81)t 2

ut we have
2

2 1
t= s = (2)(0.2039) + (9.81)(0.2039)2 0.2039 m
9.81 2
t 0.452 s or 0.452 s (rejected)
Now consider the motion of the ish when it
falls from the highest point to the table. By
The minimum time required for the turn is 0.452 s .
s = ut + 12 at 2 , we have
7. (a) Take the downward direction as positive. By
1
v 2 u 2 = 2as , we have s = 0 + (9.81)(0.6 0.2039)2 = 0.7697 m
2
162 u 2 = 2(9.81)(13) So the total distance travelled by the ish

u = 162 2(9.81)(13) = 0.2039 + 0.7697 = 0.9735 0.974 m .
0.9735
u = 0.9695 0.970 m s1 The average speed of the ish = 0.6
1.62 m s1 .

The initial velocity of the ball is 0.970 m s1 (c) By v 2 u 2 = 2as , we have

downward.
(b) By s = ut + 12 at 2 , we have v 2 22 = 2(9.81)(0)
v2 = 4
1
s = (0.9695)(1) + (9.81)(1)2 5.87 m v = 2 m s1 or 2 m s1
2

After throwing for 1 s, the ball is at 5.87 m Since the downward direction is taken as
below the starting point. positive, v < 0 represents an upward motion
and v > 0 represents a downward motion.
8. (a) Take the downward direction as positive. By
So the velocity is 2 m s1 downward.
Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises Chapter 5 Motion Chapter Exercise | 11

Statement (3) is correct. As both cars have the same

Chapter Exercise
initial speed and slow down at the same rate, they
travel the same distance when they decelerate.
Multiple-choice Questions (p.65)
5. C The acceleration of the ball is equal to the
1. D Statements (1) and (2) are correct as both cars acceleration due to gravity g , which is constant
have the same displacement s at t = 4 s. throughout the motion.
Statement (3) is correct. The s t graphs of both cars 6. A If the object is thrown vertically downward,
have increasing slopes throughout. the time required to reach the bottom of the cliff
2. C From the v t graph, the acceleration of the decreases, but the acceleration (i.e. the slope of the
object from t = 48 s is v t graph) remains unchanged.
0
0 12 7. v 2 u
2
= 2as v 2 = 2as .
a= = 3 m s2 D
84 The slope of the graph is 2a . If a , the slope .
By v = u + at , the velocity of the object at t = 5 s is 8. C Statement (1) is possible. A car turning a corner

at a constant speed is accelerating.

v = 12 + (3)(1) = 9 m s1
Statement (2) is possible. A ball being thrown
upward is momentarily at rest (i.e. zero velocity) at
Therefore, we get
the highest point, but it is accelerating downwards.
Statement (3) is impossible. Constant velocity
implies constant speed and ixed direction of
motion.

9. B The speed of the ball during time t = 00.1 s is

u= 0.0360
0.1 = 0.36 m s1
The speed of the ball during time t = 0.30.4 s is
v= 0.0840.064
0.1 = 0.2 m s1
By v = u + at , we have
The area under the v t graph is equal to the
displacement of the object. So,
0.2 = 0.36 + a(0.2) a = 0.8 m s2
(9 + 12)(1) (2 + 4)(12)
x= + = 46.5 m
2 2 The deceleration of the ball is 0.8 m s2 .

3. C Statement (1) is correct. At time t , the object is 10. C Assuming that the reaction time of the student is

momentarily at rest. negligible. The vertical height h and the time t are
related by
Statement (2) is incorrect. The acceleration of the

object at time t is determined by the slope of the 0
1 p a
ut
h = >

+ at 2 h= t
graph at that time, which takes a non-zero value. 2 2

Statement (3) is incorrect. The displacement of the
object at time t is determined by the area under the
graph during time = 0 to t , which takes a non-zero
value.
4. D Statement (1) is correct. The graphs have the
same slope when the cars are braking, and so they
So, a straight line passing through the origin should
be obtained.
However, if the reaction time T is taken into the
account, the measured time t is given by
t = t T

slow down at the same rate. p

a a
Combining the equations, we have h = 2T. 2 t
Statement (2) is incorrect. The reaction time of the p
So the graph of h against t is a graph with positive
driver of car A is longer than that of car B .
t -intercept. Refer to the graph below:
12 | Chapter 5 Motion Chapter Exercise Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises

Subtracting the equations, we have 18 9 = (u u) +

(5a 2a) a = 3 m s2 .

Structured Questions (p.67)

15. (a) From the graph, the reaction time is

0.3 s . (1A)
Consider option B. If air resistance is not negligible, the falling
object should take a longer time to fall the same vertical distance (b) The displacement of the runner is equal to the
than the case without air resistance. The slope of the graph would area under the graph. So
become smaller, but the graph would not have a t intercept.
[(T 4) + (T 0.3)](8)
Consider option D. If the object falls with a downward velocity, we 100 = (1M)
2
get T= 14.65 (1A)
p 1
h= ut + at 2 s 100
2 v avg = = 6.83 m s1 forward (1M+1A)
p T 14.65
When h = 0, t would be zero. Hence, the graph would not have
a t intercept. (c) Let a be the acceleration of the runner during
t = 0.34 s. The acceleration at that time
11. A For u = 0, we get s t 2 . Hence, the shorter the period is equal to the slope of the graph:
distance between the adjacent images of the stone, 80
a = 40.3 2.16 m s2 .
the shorter the time interval between which the
images are taken. So option A is the answer.
Note that the equations of uniformly accelerated
motion are independent of the mass of the object, so
both options C and D are incorrect.

12. D By s = ut + 12 at 2 , we have s = 12 at 2 s t2 Correct axis and labels: 1A

Therefore, Correct curve and data: 1A

p p p p 16. (a) Refer to the table below.

tX Y : tX Z = XY : XY +Y Z = 9 : 9 + 16 = 3 : 5
t 1 : t 2 = 3 : (5 3) = 3 : 2 d /m v 2 / m2 s2

13. B Statement (1) is incorrect. The sign of the 0.2 4.0

velocity of P does not change at t = 1 s. 0.4 7.8
Statement (2) is correct. At t = 2 s, the separation 0.6 11.8
[ ]
between P and Q is sP Q = 21 (2)(2) 12 (2)(2) = 4 m. 0.8 15.8
Statement (3) is incorrect. At t = 4 s, 1.0 19.4
s P = 2 + 12 (2)(4) = 2 m and sQ = 12 (4)(4) = 8 m.
Therefore, the displacements of P and Q are not the
same, and they do not meet each other.

14. B Let u and v be the velocities of the particle at

time t = 0 and t = 4 s respectively.

By v = u + at , at t = 4 s, we have

1
36 = u(4) + a(4)2 9 = u + 2a
2

At t = 6 s, we have

1 1
36 = v(2)+ a(2)2 36 = (u+4a)(2)+ a(2)2 18 = u+5a
2 2
Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises Chapter 5 Motion Chapter Exercise | 13

v 2 u 2 = 2as , we have

0
v
>
2
v 2 = 2(0.85g )(12.8)

v = 2(0.85 9.8)(12.8) (1M)

1
= 14.60 14.6 m s

Therefore the speed of the car before it

applies the brake is 14.6 m s1 . (1A)

s
(ii) Let t be the time required. By v = t, we
have
29.3
14.60 = (1M)
t
t 2.01 s

The required time is 2.01 s . (1A)

(b) The speed of the car is

v = 14.60 m s1 = 14.6 3.6 = 52.56 km h1 (1M)

The speed of the car does not exceed the speed

limit. (1A)

But his reaction time is too long. (1A)

19. (a) s =  
* + 1 at 2
ut
0
s = 12 at 2 t2 =
Correct axis and labels: 1A 2
2
a s . (1M)
Correct scale: 1A
As the acceleration of the ball is a constant, the
Correct data points: 1A
slope a2 is also a constant. (1M)
Correct best- it line: 1A
So he should have obtained a straight line
182
(b) The slope = 0.920.1 = 19.51 m s2 . (1A) passing through the origin.
0
Since v 2 u
2
= 2g s v 2 = 2g s , the slope (b) (i)
of the graph is 2g .
0.1 0.06
Therefore, g = 19.51
2 9.76 m s2 . (1A) Slope = (1M)
0.5 0.3
17. (a) Ask the assistant to hold the ruler upright, = 0.2 m s2 (1A)

with the 0 cm mark at the bottom. Place your

2
(ii) By (i), slope = = 0.2, therefore
ingers around the 0 cm mark. (1A) a

Ask the assistant to release the ruler without 2

a= = 10 m s2 (1M)
warning. You need to catch the ruler as fast as 0.2
possible with your ingers once it falls. (1A)

The acceleration is 10 m s2 downward.

Find the height h fallen by the ruler. (1A)

Use the equation h = 12 g t 2 to ind the reaction (1A)

time t , in which g is the acceleration due to (c) Any of the following: (2A)

gravity. (1A)
Air resistance
(b) No. (1A) Error in reading the ruler marks
The result would not be affected because all The dimension of the ball which causes
rulers fall at the same acceleration under error in measuring s
gravity. (1A)
Time delay due to the trapdoor or the
18. (a) (i) Take the forward direction as positive. electromagnet
Let v be the inal velocity of the car. By
14 | Chapter 5 Motion Chapter Exercise Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises

20. (a) distance moved: scalar (1A) (ii) Assume that car B catches up with car
speed: scalar (1A) A at time t = 20 + T , which satis ies the
acceleration: scalar (1A) condition
(b) (i) (1) The velocity is represented by the
(v B v A ) T = s
slope of the graph. (1A)

As the slope of the graph at t = 0 is

Using the result in (c)(i),
zero, the ball moves from rest. (1A)

(2) The slope of the graph becomes (20 15) T = 125 (1M)

constant after t = 0.8 s. So air T = 25

resistance cannot be neglected. (1A)

(ii) Sketch of the graph: Car B catches up car A at

t = 20 + 25 = 45 s . (1A)

Shoot-the-stars Questions (p.69)

1. C Refer to the igures below.

The graph line is always above the given

line and and starts from zero: 1A
The graph line is continuous with an
increasing slope: 1A
The graph is curved: 1A

21. (a) During t = 010 s, car A moves with a constant

acceleration. (1A)

During t = 1080 s, it moves with a constant

velocity. (1A)

(b) (i) Car B . (1A)

The greatest acceleration of car B appears

between t = 10 s and t = 20 s.
200
The acceleration = 2010 = 2 m s2 . (1A)

(ii) Refer to the igure at the bottom on the

next page.
Correct acceleration and deceleration: 1A
Correct lines: 1A

(c) (i) The area under v t graph of car A by

t = 20 s t A = 10+20
2 15 = 225 m.
The area under v t graph of car B by
t = 20 s t B = 1020
2 = 100 m. (1M)

The separation between A and B

s = 225 100 = 125 m . (1A)
Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises Chapter 5 Motion Chapter Exercise | 15

2. Take the downward direction as positive. Let the lorry, we have

s A and s B be the displacement of balls A and B
1
respectively when they meet. s T = 20T + (8)T 2
2
1
1 2 s L = 15T + (9)T 2
s A = uT + g T 2
2 (1M)

s = (u)T + 1 g T 2
B Considering the magnitude of the displace-
2
ments, we have
Since the downward direction is taken to be
positive, s B < 0. (1M) 30 = s T + (s L )
So s = s A + (s B ) = (uT + 12 g T 2 ) + (uT 12 g T 2 ) 30 = 20T 4T 2 + 15T 4.5T 2
= 2uT .
0 = 8.5T 2 35T + 30
(1A)
(1M)

3. (a) Take the direction to the left as positive. Let T T = 1.217 1.22 s or 2.90 s (rejected)
be the time when they collide.
By v = u + at , and considering the motion of the So the collision takes place at time t = 1.22 s .
lorry, we get (1A)

72
0 = ( 3.6 ) + (8)t t = 2.5 s. s L is negative.

The time required for the lorry to stop (b) By s = ut + 12 at 2 , we have

completely is 2.5 s. As the collision happens
1
before the cars stop, we get T < 2.5 s. (1M) s = (20)(1.217) + (8)(1.217)2 18.4 m
2
Considering the displacement of the taxi and
The position of the collision is 18.4 m away
from the position where the taxi applies the
brakes. (1A)

Chapter Exercise Q21(b)(ii)