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ABSTRACT
Recently, an efficient different range contactless energy transfer that uses magnetic resonant coupling, WiTricity, was proposed, and has
received much attention due to its practical range and efficiency. There are many promising applications for the ability to transport power
over great distances and boundaries without the need for transmission lines. In this paper, Block diagram of contactless energy transmission
system are presented, and transformer constructions used in the industry devices based on the pot cores are discussion .As well as basic
configuration of CET system with sliding transformers are survey (for linear movement and for circular movement) . The energy is
transferred using a rotatable air gap transformer and a power electronic converter. Contactless energy transmission is already used in many
applications Especially in industry. using a high frequency together with a resonant circuit allow to enhance the effect of the mutual
inductance and to transfer power with an excellent efficiency.
KEYWORDS : Contactless Energy Transmission, Magnetic Resonance, Magnetic Coupling, Wireless Power Transfer
Recently, inductive wireless power technology has gained efficiency comes down to optimization and re-design of the tank
significant momentum for consumer applications as evidenced circuits and the bridge rectifier in particular. Because of their
by the rising number of high-tech startup companies in this area major role in optimizing efficiency and improving integrability,
and the interest shown by consumer giants such as Intel and the biggest challenge resides in the design of the coils.
Sony. This work provides the reader with information about the
architecture, the design and the evaluation of the new wireless
power system. Finally, our conclusions are summarized and
some potential improvements for future research are proposed.
This work provides the reader with information about the
architecture, the design and the evaluation of the new
contactless energy system. Finally, our conclusions are
summarized and some potential improvements for future
Figure1. Block diagram of contactless energy transmission research are proposed.
system
SYSTEM SURFACE
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1
Corresponding author
MEHDI MOHAMMADJAFARIA ET AL.: CONTACTLESS ENERGY TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ( CET ) VIA MAGNETIC RESONANT
Rectifier
the bridge rectifier does not have a significant influence on the Figure5. The pot core transformer with separating cores
systems power efficiency, due to the filtering behavior of the and adjacent windings
tank circuits which act as band pass filters.
The voltage drop across a diode is a function of the current The tentative selection of a magnetic core and number of
running through it. Also, when a diode switches from winding turns is the first step in designing the rotating
conducting to non-conducting state or vice versa the current will transformer. Equation down is directly derived from Faradays
still flow in the wrong direction through the diode for some law and gives the required number of primary winding turns N
time. This is called the reverse recovery time. The theoretical for optimum utilization (Bmax) of a magnetic core with an
efficiency of the bridge rectifier is then calculated according to effective area Ae, when a voltage pulse U1 of duration dmax/fs
Equation (5). is applied across the winding.
(5)
(6)
Where is the rectification efficiency, is the input voltage, Equation up can be iteratively evaluated for various sizes of a
is the voltage drop across a single diode, T is the period pot-core family. Each core size requires a specific number of
turns for optimum utilization. In turn, N1 defines the
of the rectified signal and is the reverse recovery time.
magnetizing current and, hence, the wire thickness that is
Although the bridge rectifier produces an output of fixed required in each case. The appropriate magnetic core is the
polarity, a smoothing capacitor is added to smooth the smallest one that can accommodate the required copper in its
amplitude of the continuously varying output. window area. This is only a tentative selection, as in a rotating
transformer, there are some additional issues (such as the
Energy Buffer fringing field effect) that need to be considered before the final
decision is made.
The energy buffer in the system has to deliver energy to the load
when the transmitter and receiver are too far apart for efficient TRANSFORMER COPPER AND CORE LOSSES RATIO
power transfer. An electric double-layer capacitor, also known
as a supercap, is chosen. The main advantages of such a The total of transformer power losses consist of copper and core
supercap over an electrochemical battery are: longer lifetime, losses. Assuming a level for copper and core losses a condition
very high rates of charge and discharge, extremely low internal at which that level is optimal can be derived.
resistance and high power density. The only significant (7)
disadvantages over normal batteries for this application are
One of the ways core losses modeling is assuming that the
higher self-discharge, lower specific energy and a less stable
losses are proportional to square of magnetic induction level B.
output voltage.
(8)
ROTATING TRANSFORMER To simplify further analysis, the magnetizing current is
neglected. So, the primary and secondary winding currents are
In this section transformer constructions used in the industry proportional to each other. If the relative number of the turns
devices based on the pot cores are presented. Figure down increases, then the copper losses also increase.
shown Rotating Transformer Construction using on the
Industrial Applications. (9)
related to the availability of better diodes optimized. a supercap S. L. Ho., Junhua Wang., W. N. Fu., and Sun Mingui.; 2011. A
offers the best solution to buffer differences between received Comparative Study Between Novel Witricity and
and consumed power, thanks to low losses and very good Traditional Inductive Magnetic Coupling in Wireless
dynamic properties. Switching regulators are used to condition Charging. in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Hong Kong,
the buffered DC signal. To minimize total losses of the system a p. 1522.
series resonant circuit is applied. To compensate for high Y.Y. Yao, D.L. Zhang, and D.G. Xu.; 2006. A Study of
leakage inductance of the rotatable transformer when a large air Supercapacitor Parameters and Characteristics. in
gap is used and to minimize converter switching losses, the International Conference on Power System
series resonant capacitive circuit has been used in primary and Technology,PowerCon. Shenzhen, p.1.
secondary side.
The developed CET at industrial with a transformer is
constructed mainly for robotics and manipulators, however, the
described design and control methodology has a general validity
and can be applied for a wide class of contactless power supply
with core or core-less transformers.
REFRENCES