ONE-SAMPLE TEST FOR

MEANS
Examples
1. The drug problem in the Philippines is a serious issue. Through the
years, surveys has been done to assess the profile of drug abusers
hoping that these statistics will play a more prominent role in future
discussions and evaluations on the war against drugs. According to
the DDBs profile of drug abusers, their average family income is
10,172.00 with a standard deviation of 2,485.00. A random sample
of 50 newly arrested drug abusers were surveyed and found to have
an average monthly family income of 8,432.00. Test the hypothesis
that the average monthly income of the newly arrested drug abusers
is less than 10,172.00 at the 1% level of significance. Assuming
average monthly family income is normally distributed.
 SOLUTION
Given: = 10,172 = 50
= 2,485 = 8,432
Test of Hypothesis For Average Monthly Income of The Newly Arrested
Drug Abusers
Ho: = 10,172
Ha: < 10,172
Level of Significance: = 0.01
0

Test Statistic: Z =
/
4.95

Decision Rule: Reject the null hypothesis if = 0.01 = 2.33;

otherwise, do not reject the null hypothesis.
Decision: Reject the null hypothesis.
Conclusion: There is sufficient evidence that the average monthly income
of the newly arrested drug abusers is less than 10,172.00 at
the 1% level of significance
 ONE-SAMPLE TEST FOR
MEANS
Examples
2. A random sample of 8 cigarettes of a certain brand has an
average nicotine content of 18.6 milligrams and a standard
deviation of 2.4 milligrams. Is this in line with the
manufacturers claim that the average nicotine content does
not exceed 17.5 milligrams? Use 5% level of significance.
 SOLUTION
Given: =8 s = 2.4
= 18.6 = 17.5
Test of Hypothesis For Average Nicotine Content
Ho: = 17.5
Ha: > 17.5
Level of Significance: = 0.05


Test Statistic: T =
/
1.296 =7

Decision Rule: Reject the null hypothesis if 0.05,7 = 1.89;

otherwise, do not reject the null hypothesis.
Decision: Do not reject the null hypothesis.
Conclusion: There is sufficient evidence that the average nicotine content
does not exceed 17.5 milligrams at the 5% level of significance
 TEST FOR VARIANCE
Examples
1. A telephone company is continually studying the length of
phone calls as well as the variability in lengths. Suppose that
the national population variance is 4 minutes squared. The
telephone company wants to test whether a certain
communitys calls differ in variability from the national value.
The length of calls is assumed to be normally distributed. What
would be your decision if a random sample of 25 resulted to a
variance of 2.5? Use = 0.05.
 SOLUTION
Given: 2 = 4 = 25
2 = 2.5
Test of Hypothesis For Variability of Phone Calls
Ho : 2 = 4
Ha : 2 4
Level of Significance: = 0.05
(1) 2
Test Statistic: 2 =
02
= 15 = 24
2
Decision Rules: Reject the null hypothesis if 2 0.025,24 = 12.401;
otherwise, do not reject the null hypothesis.
2
Reject the null hypothesis if 2 0.975,24 = 39.364 ;
otherwise, do not reject the null hypothesis.
Decision: Reject the null hypothesis.
Conclusion: There is sufficient evidence that a certain communitys
calls differ in variability from the national value at the 5%
level of significance
 TEST FOR VARIANCE
Examples
2. Two sections of a statistics course took the same long exam. A
sample was randomly drawn from each section showing the
following scores:
Section A: 58, 65, 68, 80, 76, 82, 90, 88, 93, 88
Section B: 63, 78, 80, 91, 85, 95
Assuming that the scores are normally distributed, is there
reason to believe that the population variances are equal? Use
= 0.05.
 SOLUTION
Given: Section A: 58, 65, 68, 80, 76, 82, 90, 88, 93, 88
Section B: 63, 78, 80, 91, 85, 95
Test of Hypothesis For Equality of Population Variances
Ho: 12 = 22
Ha: 12 22
Level of Significance: = 0.05
12
Test Statistic: F =
22
1.09 1 = 9 2 = 5

Decision Rules: Reject the null hypothesis if 0.025 9,5 = 6.68;

otherwise, do not reject the null hypothesis.
Reject the null hypothesis if 0.975 (9,5) = 0.22 ;
otherwise, do not reject the null hypothesis.
Decision: Do not reject the null hypothesis.
Conclusion: Hence, there is a reason to believe that the population
variances are equal at the 5% level of significance.
 TWO-SAMPLE TEST FOR
MEANS
Examples
1. The television picture tubes of manufacture A have a standard
deviation of 0.9 year, while those of manufacturer B has a
standard deviation of 0.8 year. A random sample of 36 tubes
from manufacturer A yielded a mean lifetime of 6.5 years while
a random sample of 49 tubes from manufacturer B yielded a
mean lifetime of 5.0 years. Is there reason to believe that
manufacturer As picture tubes have a mean lifetime greater
than those of manufacturer B? Test at = 0.05.
 SOLUTION
Given: = 0.9 = 36 = 6.5
= 0.8 = 49 = 5.0
Test of Hypothesis For Average Lifetime of TV Picture Tubes
Ho: =
Ha: >
Level of Significance: = 0.05
Test Statistic: Z
1 2 1 2
= 7.95
2 2
1 +2
1 2
 SOLUTION
Decision Rule: Reject the null hypothesis if = 0.05 = 1.644;
otherwise, do not reject the null hypothesis.

Decision: Reject the null hypothesis.

Conclusion: Therefore, there is reason to believe that manufacturer As
picture tubes have a mean lifetime greater than those of
manufacturer B at the 5% level of significance.
 TWO-SAMPLE TEST FOR
MEANS
Examples
2. On an elementary school examination in spelling, the mean
grade of 32 boys was 72 with a standard deviation of 8 while
the mean grade of 36 girls was 75 with a standard deviation of
6. Test the hypothesis that the girls are better in spelling than
the boys. Use = 0.05 . Assuming that the population
variances are not equal.
 SOLUTION
Given: 1 = 8 1 = 32 1 = 72
2 = 6 2 = 36 2 = 75
(Assumption: Population variances are not equal. )

Test of Hypothesis For Mean Scores By Sex in Spelling

Ho: 1 = 2
Ha:1 < 2

Level of Significance: = 0.05

Test Statistic: Z
1 2 1 2
= 1.732
2 2
1 + 2
1 2
 SOLUTION

Decision Rule: Reject the null hypothesis if 0.05 = 1.645;

otherwise, do not reject the null hypothesis.
Decision: Reject the null hypothesis.
Conclusion: Based on the sample evidence, we can say that girls are
better in spelling than boys at the 5% level of
significance.
 TWO-SAMPLE TEST FOR
MEANS
Examples
3. A researcher wants to study the effect of type of binder on the
burning duration of coconut husk charcoal briquette. Using the
same amount of binder, he tested the burning duration of coco
husk charcoal briquette with cassava starch and cassava
powder as binder. He obtained the following results with 8
briquettes observed per type of binder. Is there a difference in
burning duration at = 0.05?
Type of Binder Burning Duration of Briquette (min)
Cassava starch 161 166 170 165 172 168 157 164 165.375 4.8385
Cassava powder 152 147 157 146 155 157 148 155 152.125 4.5493
 SOLUTION
Given:
Type of Binder Burning Duration of Briquette (min)
Cassava starch 161 166 170 165 172 168 157 164 165.375 4.8385
Cassava powder 152 147 157 146 155 157 148 155 152.125 4.5493

A. Test of Hypothesis For Equality of Variances

Ho: 12 = 22
Ha: 12 22
Level of Significance: = 0.05
Test Statistic: F
12
= 1.13
22

1 = 7 2 = 7
 SOLUTION
Decision Rules: Reject the null hypothesis if 0.025 7,7 = 4.99;
otherwise, do not reject the null hypothesis.
Reject the null hypothesis if 0.975 (7,7) = 0.200 ;
otherwise, do not reject the null hypothesis.

Decision: Do not reject the null hypothesis.

Conclusion: Therefore, the variances are equal at the 5% level of
significance.
B. Test of Hypothesis For Differences in Burning Duration

Ho: 1 = 2
Ha: 1 2

Level of Significance: = 0.05

 SOLUTION
Test Statistic: T
1 2 1 2
= 1 1
= 5.643 = 14
+
1 2

Decision Rule: Reject the null hypothesis if 0.025,14 = 2.145;

otherwise, do not reject the null hypothesis.

Decision: Reject the null hypothesis.

Conclusion: There is sufficient evidence to support that there is a
difference in burning duration at the 5% level of
significance.
 TWO-SAMPLE TEST FOR
MEANS
Examples
4. To determine whether membership in a fraternity is beneficial
or detrimental to ones grades, a pair of twins one a fraternity
(F) member, the other a non-fraternity (NF) member taking
the same degree program were observed over a period of 5
years. Their grade point averages were recorded as follows:
1 2 3 4 5

F 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.16
NF 2.2 1.9 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.26
d -0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0 -0.1
 SOLUTION
Given:
1 2 3 4 5

F 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.16
NF 2.2 1.9 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.26
d -0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0 -0.1

Test of Hypothesis For Equality of Means (Related Case)

Ho: 1 2 = 0
Ha: 1 2 0

Level of Significance: = 0.05

Test Statistic: T
0

= 1.581 =4

 SOLUTION
Decision Rule: Reject the null hypothesis if 0.025,4 = 2.776;
otherwise, do not reject the null hypothesis.

Decision: Do not reject the null hypothesis.

Conclusion: Therefore, mean grades of the twin are equal at the 5%
level of significance.