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ABSTRACT: The boulder deposit is generally available in riverbeds, which is neither classified as soils nor as the
rocks. The strength deformation behaviour under load of such deposits cannot be evaluated considering soil or rock
deposits. Due to native nature of material, the undisturbed sampling is not possible as the natural arrangement of
grains and matrix of material might never be achieved by re-compaction in the laboratory and test on disturbed
samples may likely to yield unreliable results. The paper describes a comprehensive geotechnical investigation
study carried out for evolution of allowable load carrying capacity of boulder deposit to construct building in the
university campus, Gayatrikunj located on Haridwar - Rishikesh road.
INTRODUCTION
The site for the proposed buildings Gayatri Tower, recommended is similar to that for a standard
OM () Building and hostel building is situated in penetration test (SPT) with the SPT sampler
the university campus of Gayatrikunj on Haridwar- replaced by a push fit cast iron cone of 60 apex
Rishikesh road. The entire campus area has a angle and 62.5 mm base diameter. The cone is
gentle slope from main road to the riverside, which driven by a 65 kg hammer dropped from a height
is about Km from the end of the university of 750 mm. The number of blows for every 150
campus towards north. The main university mm penetration is counted and a plot is prepared of
building along with residential blocks have already the cumulative number of blows (N) with D/Bc ,
been constructed in the campus. The soil where D = depth, Bc = cone diameter.
investigation report available with Shantikunj The results of dynamic cone test can be correlated
officials for nearby buildings and soil strata chart with allowable pressure by the following empirical
of tube well installed in the campus premises equation in accordance with IS: 10042 - 1981.
revealed a boulder-gravel deposit upto depth of
25.95m followed by boulder with clay upto 38.31m 1 N" Sa
and then hard clayey strata upto 72m, the qa = . (1)
2.54 Dc Bf
maximum drilled depth.
Page 1 of 7
A.K. Sharma & Ajay Dwivedi & Prakash Chand ,
Page 2 of 7
A Comprehensive Geotechnical Investigation in Boulder Deposit
In-situ Field Shear Test platform over the inserted shear box. The normal
The best suited test for such type of soil deposit to load was applied through filled gunny bags and the
determine strength parameters are in -situ shear shear load was applied in increment through
test. In-situ shear test provides an alternate to the remote controlled hydraulic Jack placed
load test for determination of allowable soil horizontally and reaction obtained through side of
pressure. Two types of test were conducted at site. the pit (Photo 5). The point of application of shear
load was kept at height of the block measured
Fig. 2 : Particle size distribution Curve from the base. The dial gauges were fixed to
measure horizontal displacement of the block. The
OM Building shear load was applied in increment and the
Gayatri corresponding horizontal displacement was
Tower recorded through dial gauges. The shear load was
Hostel applied till the base of the soil block contained
Building inside the rigid square block sheared completely.
The values of residual shear were obtained from
curves presented in figures 2&3.
Boulder
Cobble
Gravel
Depth
Silt &
Sand
Clay
Site
(m)
Gayatri
Tower
1.5-
8 30 45 17 0
2.0
Building
2.6-
5.5 28.5 46 20 0
3.1
Om
2.9-
Hostel
Page 3 of 7
A.K. Sharma & Ajay Dwivedi & Prakash Chand ,
erected for applying normal load of 4.5t/m2 The values of residual shear stresses were
through soil filled bags (Photo 6). The shear load computed and allowable soil pressure for BBT and
was applied in increments as per procedure CBT were obtained using following equation.
explained in BBT test. The shear stress and B + 0.3
2
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A Comprehensive Geotechnical Investigation in Boulder Deposit
Page 5 of 7
A.K. Sharma & Ajay Dwivedi & Prakash Chand ,
Table 2: Test Results Data *Value not considered due to the size of boulders
greater than 100mm.
Locat Dept Bulk Residu Norm Angle
ion h Density al al of
5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
(m) ( b ), Shear Stress Intern
The particle size distribution test conducted
t/m3 Stress ( n ), al
shows 76 to 83% boulder and gravel with 24 to
( 0 ), t/m2 Fricti
on 17 % sand, classified as poorly graded gravel
t/m2 (GP) with very little fines.
( )
The recommended allowable bearing capacity
Gayat 1.5 1.988 3.05 4.50 34
for Gayatri Tower is 27 t/m2 and for OM ()
ri
building and Hostel building is 30 t/m2 at 1.5m
Towe
and 2.6m depth respectively i.e. proposed
r
foundation depth. The width of foundation is
OM 2.6 2.072 3.25 5.00 33
taken 1.5m for evaluating allowable and safe
() bearing capacity of the soil deposit.
Build
ing
CONCLUSIONS
Hoste 2.9 2.036 4.00 6.00 33
The special attention should be given for the
l
investigation of boulder deposits. Such deposits
Build
fall neither in the class of soils nor rocks. The
ing
load carrying capacity is depends upon the
The influence zone may be extended up to percentage and size of gravel/boulder and fines
maximum of 7.5 m depth (3 m + 3X1.5 m) from present in the soil matrix. Hence, the
existing ground level, which falls in the zone of investigation must be carried out very carefully
boulder deposit. The test data as obtained has been in accordance with IS : 10042-1981.
presented in Table 2 which has been used to
The precaution must be taken to avoid the flow
predict allowable load carrying of underneath soil
of rain or any kind of water through foundation
based on shear & settlement considerations. The
of the buildings. The flow of water through the
shear test data have been used to find out shearing
influence zone below foundation depth may
resistance which is further used to compute the safe
wash out fines from the deposits; create voids
bearing capacity. The computed capacities for
resulting in settlement of the structures. Hence,
different structures at different depth have been
suitable apron must be provided with proper
presented in Table 3 below.
slope around the structures. The water drainage
Locatio Depth Allowable qsafe, t/m2 and its disposal must be designed properly.
2
n (m) bearing capacity, t/m IS:6403-
DCP Shear Footin 1981 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
T* Test g The authors are grateful to Director CSIR-CBRI
Load for permission to publish the work and providing
Test necessary facilities to carry out this study.
Gayatri 1.5 32.75 27.28 30.55 46.23
Tower REFERENCES
OM( 2.6 35.69 30.30 - 65.51 1. CBRI REPORT (2002) Geotechnical
) Investigation for the construction of Multi-
Buildin storyed buildings at Shantikunj, Haridwar.
g Geotechnical Engineering Division, CBRI,
Hostel 2.9 22.35 36.65 - 70.58 Roorkee.
Buildin 2. IS: 6403(1981): Indian Standard code of
g practice for Determination of Bearing
Table 3: Safe and Allowable Bearing Capacity
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A Comprehensive Geotechnical Investigation in Boulder Deposit
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