IndiaPosition&PopulationStatistics

LiesinSouthAsia NorthofEquator

Latitude(8*437*6)N Longitude(68*797*25)E

2ndlargestarableland(afterUS) Population17.6%oftheworld

Area3.28millionsq.km(2.4%ofworld) 7thLargestinArea

SouthernmostPointIndiraPoint(6*45)N St.meridianAllahabad(82*3)E

KashmirKanyakumari3214km RannofKutchArunachalPradesh2933km

MainlandCoastline6100km (Mainland+A&N+Lakshadweep)coastline7517km

PopulationChina>India>US>Indonesia>Brazil>Pakistan
AreaRussia>Canada>US>China>Brazil>Australia>India
ReligionChristian>Muslims>Hindus>Chinesefolks>Buddhists
LanguageMandarinChinese>English>Hindi>Spanish>Russian>Arabic

MostpopulousUP LargestAreaRajasthan MalePopulation51.54%

LeastPopulousSikkim LeastAreaGoa FemalePopulation48.46%

MostliteracyKerala Maleliteracy82.14% MaxSexratioKerala

LeastLiteracyBihar Femaleliteracy65.46% LeastSexratioHaryana

Census2011

1.21billion(17.5%oftheworld)
Population Male 623.7million

Female 586.5million

Literacy 74.04%

Male 82.14%

Female 65.46%

Kerala>Lakshadweep>
Highest
Mizoram

Lowest Bihar

HighestFemale Kerala

LowestFemale Rajasthan

HighestMale Lakshadweep

LowestMale Bihar

940Highestsince1971

Highest(State) Kerala1084

SexRatio Lowest(State) Haryana877

Highest(UT) Puducherry1038

Lowest(UT) Dadraandnagar(775)

ChildSexRatio 914

Highest Mizoram971

Lowest Haryana830

DensityofPopulation 382persq.km

Highest Delhi>Bihar>WB>UP

Lowest A&N>ArunachalPradesh

MostPopulousState UttarPradesh

LeastPopulousState Sikkim

MostPopulousUT Delhi

LeastPopulousUT Lakshadweep

HighestGrowthofPopulation Meghalaya
 LeastGrowthofPopulation Nagaland(negativegrowth)

FactorsofPopulationDistributioninIndia
PhysicalfactorssuchasClimate,TerrainandAvailabilityofwater

NorthIndianPlains,deltasandCoastalPlainshaveclimatesuitableforagricultureandfertileplains
hencehavehigherproportionofpopulation
MountainousandforestedregionsofsouthernandcentralIndianStates,Himalayanstates,andsome
ofthenortheasternstatesarelesspopulated
Developmentofirrigation(Rajasthan),availabilityofmineralandenergyresources(Jharkhand)and
developmentoftransportnetwork(PeninsularStates)haveresultedinmoderatetohighproportionof
population.

Socioeconomicandhistoricalfactors

Traditionalsettledagricultureandearlyhumansettlementhasresultedinlargepopulationinriver
plainsandcoastalareasofIndia
DevelopmentoftransportandbetteragriculturaldevelopmenthasresultedinlargepopulationinNorth
Plains

Industrializationandurbanization

MetrocitiesofIndiahavehighconcentrationofpopulationduetoindustrialdevelopmentand
urbanization.
Alargenumbersofruralurbanmigrantscometothesetowns

PhasesofGrowthofIndianPopulation
19011921ReferredasaperiodofstationaryphaseofgrowthofIndiaspopulation

19111921Evenrecordedanegativegrowthrate
Boththebirthrateanddeathratewerehigh
MajorcausesPoorhealthandmedicalservices,illiteracyofpeopleatlarge,&inefficientdistribution
systemoffood

19211951Referredastheperiodofsteadypopulationgrowth

Anoverallimprovementinhealthandsanitationthroughoutthecountry
Bettertransportandcommunicationsystemimproveddistributionsystem
Thecrudebirthrateremainedhighinthisperiodleadingtohighergrowthratethantheprevious
phase

19511981ReferredastheperiodofpopulationexplosioninIndia

Causedbyarapidfallinthedeathratebutahighbirthrate
Theaverageannualgrowthratewasashighas2.2%
Highbirthratewasduetobetterlivingconditions&scientificdevelopments
DuetoincreasedinternationalimmigrationfromTibet,Bangladesh,NepalandPakistanIndiasgrowth
rateexploded
 After1981tillpresent,thegrowthratehasstartedslowingdowngradually

Duetodeclineincrudebirthrate
Duetoanincreaseinthemeanageatmarriage
Improvementinfemaleliteracy&empowerment
Betterscientificdevelopments&accesstocommonman

ProblemsduetoHigherPopulationinIndia
Unemployment
Poverty
UnevenMigration
Urbanizationproblems
Regionaldisparities
Increaseincrimerate
EnvironmentalDegradation

ImpactofpopulationgrowthontheIndianEconomy
Adverseeffectsonsavings
Unproductiveinvestment
SlowgrowthofPerCapitaIncome
Underutilizationoflabour
Growingpressureonland
Adverseeffectonqualityofpopulation
Adversesocialimpact

TribesofIndia
OfficiallyrecognizedbytheIndiangovernmentasScheduledTribesintheFifthScheduleofthe
ConstitutionofIndia
OftengroupedtogetherwithscheduledcastesinthecategoryScheduledCastesandTribes
Eligibleforcertainconstitutionalbenefits&perks

TheConstitutionofIndia,Article366(25)definesScheduledTribesassuchtribesortribalcommunitiesor
partoforgroupswithinsuchtribesortribalcommunitiesasaredeemedunderArticle342tothescheduled
Tribes(STs)forthepurposesofthisConstitution.

Tribe State

Jarawa,Onge,Sentinelese Andman

ShornPens,Holchu Nicobar

PalaeoMongoloids Assam,Meghalaya,Mizoram,Nagaland,Manipur

TibetoMongoloids SikkimandArunachalPradesh

Mundas,Santhals,Oraons ChhotanagpurPlateau

Gonds,Kondhs CentralVindhyachal+DeccanPlateau
 Gaddi,Kinner,Phangwal,Lahuli HimachalPradesh

Jaunsari,Bhotia,Raji,Buxa,Tharu Uttarakhand,UttarPradesh

Anal,Chiru,Konkanas,Kollam Maharashtra

MalaandSavaratribes WestBengal

Bhuiyatribe MadhyaPradesh

Banjaras,MoghiasandSathiyas Rajasthan

Bhil+Maldhari(Girlions) Gujrat

Oraon,Munda,Chero,Parchaiya,Santhal,
Bihar
Asuras

Bhuiya,Baiga,Dharua,Gaaro,Ho,Koli,Lodha Orissa

Bakarwal J&K

Oorali,Sholagar,IrularandBadaga TamilNadu

HakkiPikki,Korgas,Kurubas,Soliga Karnataka

Kadars,Irulars,Paniyans,Korgas,ooralis Kerala

CommonFeaturesofTribes

Geographical
liveincloistered,exclusive,remoteandinhospitableareassuchashills&forests
isolation

livelihoodbasedonprimitiveagriculturewithlowleveloftechnologyleadingto
Backwardness
povertyAregenerallyilliterate&unawareofworldsprogress

Shynessof
Haveamarginaldegreeofcontactwithotherculturesandpeople
contact

Havedistinctiveculture,languageandreligion

ProblemsofTribalPeople

Poverty
Illiteracy
Unemployment
Dependenceonforests
Excessivediscrimination
ProblemoflandAlienation
Indebtedness
Bondedlabour
Malnutrition&otherhealthrelatedproblems
Nowadays,Largedevelopmentprojectsundertakenbythegovernmentalsoencroachesupontheirland.
Largescaledisplacementsandunsatisfactorycompensationandrehabilitationarecommonplace,leading
tofurtherbackwardnessandseclusion.Becauseoftheirdiversitytheylackacommonvoicetobargain
collectively