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1. Introduction: ....................................................................................................................... 2
2. Justification to adopt Information system to the organisation ............................................ 2
2.1 Productivity ................................................................................................................. 2
2.2 Information .................................................................................................................. 2
2.3 Cost Reduction ............................................................................................................ 3
2.4 Collaboration ............................................................................................................... 3
2.5 Customer Service ........................................................................................................ 3
2.6 Communication ........................................................................................................... 4
2.7 Operations ................................................................................................................... 4
2.8 Decisions ..................................................................................................................... 4
2.9 Records ........................................................................................................................ 5
3. The process involved in Information System planning ...................................................... 5
3.1 Corporate mission ....................................................................................................... 6
3.2 Information system mission ........................................................................................ 6
3.3 Information system vision ........................................................................................... 7
3.4 Strategic planning ........................................................................................................ 7
3.5 Tactical planning ......................................................................................................... 7
3.6 Operational planning ................................................................................................... 7
3.7 Budget ......................................................................................................................... 8
4. Information System for support various levels of management ......................................... 8
4.1 Enterprise Collaboration Systems (Office Automation Systems) ............................... 8
4.2 Decision Support Systems........................................................................................... 8
4.3 Executive Information Systems .................................................................................. 8
4.4 Knowledge Management Systems .............................................................................. 9
4.5 Strategic Information Systems .................................................................................... 9
4.6 Functional Business Systems ...................................................................................... 9
5. Management Information System (MIS) .......................................................................... 10
6. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 11
References ................................................................................................................................ 12
1. Introduction:
The information systems play an essential role in managing market provision, particularly
computer, point-of-sale (POS) terminals, uniform product bar codes, satellite tracing,
electronic data interchange EDI, and electronic funds transfer EFT. These developments have
shortened the order-cycle time, reduced clerical labour, reduced the error rate in documents,
and provided improved management of operations. It has enabled firms to create a promise like
the product is going to be at shipped at 10:00 am tomorrow, and managed that promise
through information.
2.1 Productivity
Productivity is a very important reason for developing information systems. in line with
the Financial Times, chief executives are asking chief information officers to manage
3 key challenges: value potency, service quality and a contribution to the productivity
of the business. Productivity enhancements will scale back the time you are taking to
develop a brand-new product and convey it to all-out production, for instance.
2.2 Information
Information systems are key to delivering the knowledge and intelligence you wish to
enhance innovation. An IBM survey of chief information officers found that their chief
concern was managing info and business intelligence. By finance in information storage
systems and secure communication networks, you'll provide your staff access to the
knowledge they have. Your information system groups ought to conjointly concentrate
on strategies of gathering information from shops, branch offices and different external
sources so decision-makers will act on up-to-date info.
2.4 Collaboration
Investing in information systems and tools to enhance collaboration will assist you to
win growth and productivity targets. Several organizations created cross-functional
groups to develop new product or modification business processes. Providing
communication links, video conferencing services and facilities like project websites
will facilitate your groups scale back the time to complete projects, help you to come
up with new revenue streams quickly and accelerate growth.
2.7 Operations
How you manage your company's operations depends on the knowledge you have got.
Information systems can give a lot of complete and newer info, permitting you to work
for your company a lot of with efficiency. You'll use information systems to achieve a
value advantage over competitors or to differentiate yourself by providing higher client
service. Sales information provide you with insights regarding what customers area unit
shopping for and allow you to stock or turn out things that area unit merchandising well.
With steering from the knowledge system, you'll contour your operations.
2.8 Decisions
The company data system will assist you to build higher choices by delivering all the
knowledge you wish and by modelling the results of your choices. A call involves
selecting a course of action from many alternatives and affecting the corresponding
tasks. Once you have corrected, up-to-date info, you'll build the selection confidently.
If more than one alternative appearance appealing, you'll use the knowledge system to
run completely different situations. For every risk, the system will calculate key
indicators like sales, prices, and profits to assist you to establish that various offers the
foremost useful result.
2.9 Records
Your company wants records of its activities for monetary and restrictive functions yet
as for locating the causes of issues and taking corrective action. The information system
stores documents and revision histories, communication records, and operational
information. The trick to exploiting this recording capability is organizing the data and
using the system to a method and gift it as helpful historical information. You'll use
such info to organize value estimates and forecasts and to investigate however your
actions affected the key company indicators
However, existing plans might be deficient if the design method is not a subtle one that
expressly provides thought to such broad decisions as that of the organization's objectives.
Different documentary proof is also deficient in this it's ready for a "public relations" purpose
instead of for the aim of guiding social control alternative. If so, a definite method of
distinguishing strategy set parts are needed of the information system designer.
Once the character of every claimant group's claim has been known, the
organizations goals and methods relative to every cluster should be known.
Generally, these linkages are quite straightforward. "Social responsibility"
objectives are often copied on to the goals of the public and local communities,
as will methods be involving the development of pollution-free production
facilities and therefore the employment of minority cluster members. "Product
quality" objectives and strategies are traceable on to the interests of shoppers,
government regulative agencies, and therefore the industries.
Once all the parties involved understand these points, the planning of the information system
development can start. There are several processes involved to ensure that the information
system planning to be successful. Figure below will illustrate better on the importance in the
planning of an information systems; -
According to Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane Price Laudon in their book Management
Information Systems: A Contemporary Perspective, an information system is "a set of
procedures that collects (or retrieves), processes, stores, and disseminates information to
support decision making and control." In most cases, information systems are formal, computer
based systems that play an integral role in organisations. Although information systems are
computer based, it is important to note that any old computer or software program is not
necessarily an information system. "Electronic computers and related software programs are
the technical foundation, the tools and materials, of modern information systems," Laudon and
Laudon wrote. "Understanding information systems, however, requires one to understand the
problems they are designed to solve, the architectural and design solutions, and the
organizational processes that lead to these solutions." Though it is sometimes applied to all
types of information systems used in businesses, the term "management information systems,"
or MIS, describes specific systems that "provide managers with reports and, in some cases, on-
line access to the organization's current performance and historical records," Laudon and
Laudon noted. "MIS primarily serve the functions of planning, controlling, and decision
making at the management level."
MIS are one of several types of information systems that can serve the needs of various
levels in an organization. For example, information systems might be developed to support
upper management in planning the company's strategic direction or to help manufacturing in
controlling a plant's operations. Some of the other types of information systems include:
transaction processing systems, which simply record the routine transactions needed to conduct
business, like payroll, shipping, or sales orders; and office automation systems, which are
intended to increase the productivity of office workers and include such systems as word
processing, electronic mail, and digital filing. Ideally, the diverse types of information systems
in an organization are interconnected to allow for information sharing.
6. Conclusion
In conclusion, information systems in organisation are vital to provide support for the
business process and operations by helping managers to conduct daily activities and functions
properly. For example, in a bank with different activities, which involve but are not limited to:
account creation, the withdrawal of money, statement generation among others, the
Information System helps managers to conduct such activities accurately and in a timely
manner with the help of different software.
Besides, information systems also helping in making decisions in terms of employees and
managers. An Information System will take data as an input and process it thus generating
information. Managers can then use this information for to better their organisation. As an
example, an Information System can analyse existing historical data about customers in a bank
and generate information such as which customers were 'good', which were 'bad' as well as
other attributes, Managers could then use this information while deciding to provide a loan for
new customers, whether it be the restrictions thereof, the amount the loan is for or even whether
a loan can be given at all support in making strategic decision for competitive advantages.
Information systems can give information like which items to launch in which location by
analysing data collected from various sources such that company can have advantage by using
these information over their competitors. Information systems also can help business houses in
conducting their business process differently than their competitors
References
Bajgoric, N. (1997). Organizational Systems Integration: Management Information Systems
Perspective. CONCURRENT ENGINEERING: Research and Applications, 113-121.
Lederer, A. L., & Sethi, V. (1988). The Implementation of Strategic Information Systems
Planning Methodologies. MIS Quarterly, 445-461.
THAKUR, D. (n.d.). Four Stage Model of IS Planning. Retrieved from eComputer Notes:
http://ecomputernotes.com/mis/information-system-planning/explain-the-four-stage-
model-of-is-planning