Leccin

4a. Ecuacin integral conservacin masa

Hoja de problemas

P1 En el sistema de la figura tenemos una entrada de masa de velocidad V1 y seccin S1, y
una salida con datos V2 y S2. Calcular la variacin de masa del sistema.

!"
Solucin: = ( ( + +
!#

P2 Un depsito de seccin A se est vaciando a travs de un orificio de salida de seccin
As. Calcular la velocidad de salida del fluido en funcin de la altura de lquido del
depsito h(t).

- !/
Solucin: , =
-. !#

P3 Un disco de radio R se aproxima con una velocidad V a otro disco fijo. Calcular:
(a) La velocidad con la que sale el fluido por los laterales.
(b) El caudal que sale.

 This prob
lem dem
conserva on
tion of m strates use of th
we have ass equa e
"106 Chapter 4 n o n u n
Basic Equations in Integral Formiffor
t ion w h e
oramControl
flow Volume n
at a sect
ion.
m_ b ~, at a section is defined as
The average velocity magnitude, V
106 4
Chapter Basic Equations in Integral
~5 Q 5 1
Z for a Control Volume
Form
~
~ ! dA
V V 4:14b
A A A
The average velocity magnitude,flow ~
V , through
at a section is control
defined as
Consider now the general case of steady, compressible a fixed
volume. Since the flow is steady, this means that at most 5 (x, y, z). ZBy definition,
~ 5 Q 5 the
no fluid property varies with time in a steady flow. Consequently,
V
1 first
V~ !term
dA~ of
A A
Eq. 4.12 must be zero and, hence, for steady flow, the statement of conservation
A of
mass reduces to

Consider now the general case of steady, compressible flow through a fixed
Z the flow is steady, this means that at most 5 (x, y, z). By de
volume. Since
0
K Solucin: (a) , = (b) = + V~ ! varies
no fluid property dA~ 5 0with time in a steady flow. Consequently, the first
4:15a
+ 1(#) Eq. 4.12 must
CS be zero and, hence, for steady flow, the statement of conserva
mass reduces to
ute) and 15" C. At t 5 A useful special case is when we have (or can approximate) uniform velocity at
0,inlet
airandbegins escaping from the tankZ
P4 A tank of 0.05 m3 volume contains air at 800 kPa (absolute) and 15 C. At t = 0, air
each exit. In this case, Eq. 4.15a simplifies to
g through thebegins escaping from the tank through a valve with a flow area of 65 mm2. The air
valve has a speed of 300 m/sXand a density of V~ ! dA~ 5 0
tank at t 5 0. ~!A ~50
density in thepassing through the valve has a speed of 300 m/s and a density of 6 kg/m3. Determine
V CS 4:15b
CS
the instantaneous rate of change of density in the tank at t = 0.
A useful special case is when we have (or can approximate) uniform vel
Thus, for steady flow, the mass flow rate into a control volume must be equal to the
each inlet and exit. In this case, Eq. 4.15a simplifies to
mass flow rate out of the control volume.
5 800 kPa (absolute),WeTwill5now look at three Examples to illustrate some
y features
X of the various forms of
the conservation of mass equation for a control volume. Example ~!A ~ 5a problem
4.1involves
s with speed V 5 300 m/s CS
in which we have uniform flow at each section, Example 4.2 involves
V 0
a problem in which

we do not have uniform flowfor

Thus, at asteady
location, and
flow, mass xflow
theExample 4.3 rate
involves
intoaaproblem
control in
volume must be equa
which we have unsteady flow.
mass flow rate out of the control volume.
We will now look at three Examples to illustrate some features of the various f

E
the conservation of mass equation for a control volume. Example 4.1 involves a p
he dashed line.
xample 4.1 MASS FLOW AT A PIPE JUNCTION in which we have uniform1 flow at each section, Example 4.2 involves a problem i
we do not have uniform flow at a location, and Example 4.3 involves a pro
Consider the steady flow in a water pipe joint shownwhich
in thewe
diagram.CV
have unsteady flow.
The areas are: A15 0.2 m2, A2 5 0.2 m2, and A3 5 0.15 m2. In addition, 4

fluid is lost out of a hole at 4 , estimated at a rate of 0.1 m3/s. The
1
ut time-dependent. 78

E Solucin:
1 and= - 2.34 (kg/m3)/s
average speeds at sections 3 are V1 5 5 m/s and V3 5 12 m/s, ! = 30 3
respectively. Find the velocity 7#
xample 4.1
at section 2 .
MASS FLOW AT A PIPE JUNCTION
Given: P5 Consider the steady flow in a water pipe joint shown in the diagram. Find the velocity
Steady flow Consider the steady
of water through flow in a water pipe joint shown in the diagram.
the device.
The areas are: A15 0.2 m2, A2 5 0.2 m2, and A3 5 0.15 m2. In addition,
at section 2. 2 1
4
A1 5 0:2 m2 A2 5 fluid 2
0:2 mis 5 0:15
A3 out
lost of m
2
a hole at 4 , estimated at a rate of 0.1 m3/s. The
V1 5 5 m=s
12 m=s speeds
V3 5 average 5 999at
kg=m 3
sections 1 and 3 are V1 5 5 m/s and V3 5 12 m/s, ! = 30

respectively. Find the velocity at section 2 .
Volume flow rate at 4 5 0.1 m3/s
Find: Velocity at section 2 .
Given: Steady flow of water through the device.
Solution: Choose a fixed control volume as shown. Make an assumption 4
1 2
A1 25is0:2
that the flow at section outwards,
m2 Aand label the
2 5 0:2 m
2 diagram accordingly
A3 5 0:15 m2
(if this assumption is V
incorrect our final result will tell
5 5 m=s V 5 12 m=s 5 999 kg=m3 us). 3
1 3
Governing equation: The general control volume equation is Eq. 4.12,
Volume
but we can go immediately to flow
Eq. 4.13b at 4 5 of
rate because m3/s
0.1assumptions (2) and CV

(3) below, Find: Velocity at section 2 .
X 2
~!A
Solution: Choose
V ~ 5a0fixed control volume as shown. Make an assumption
CS 4
that the flow at section 2 is outwards, and label the diagram accordingly 1

(if this assumption is incorrect our final result will tell us).
Solucin: V2 = 4.5 m/s
Governing equation: The general control volume equation is Eq. 4.12,
but we can go immediately to Eq. 4.13b because of assumptions (2) and CV
(3) below,
X 2
~!A
V ~50
CS
 Problems 151
P6 A wet cooling tower cools warm water by spraying it into a forced dry-air flow. Some
of the water evaporates in this air and is carried out of the tower into the atmosphere;
olume flow rate and the Measurements indicate the warm water mass flow rate is
ction 1 of the control 250,000 lb/hr, and the cool water (70$ F) flows at an average
the evaporation cools the remaining water droplets, which are collected at the exit
speed of 5 ft/s in the exit pipe. The moist air density is 0.065
pipe (6 in. ID) of the tower. Measurements indicate the warm water mass flow rate is
lb/ft3. Find (a) the volume flow rate (ft3/s) and mass flow rate
V 250,000 lb/hr, and the cool water (70 F) flows at an average speed of 5 ft/s in the exit
(lb/hr) of the cool water, (b) the mass flow rate (lb/hr) of the
pipe. The moist air density is 0.065 lb/ft3. Find (a) the volume flow rate and mass flow
moist air, and (c) the mass flow rate (lb/hr) of the dry air.
h rate of the cool water, (b) the mass flow rate of the moist air, and (c) the mass flow
Hint: Google density of moist air for information on
rate of the dry air. Hint: Google density of moist air for information on relating moist
relating moist and dry air densities!
and dry air densities!.
Moist air

obtain an expression for

~ through cross sec-
# dA,
n.
minar flow in a long cir-
by the one-dimensional

! r "2 $ CS
i^
R
Warm Cool
r the volume flow rate and water water
n normal to the pipe axis.
Solucin: (a)
obtain an expression for 9::; =1800 l/min;
P4.23 9::; =30 kg/s
~ through a section (b) ":=,# =5.86 kg/s
~ # dA,
4.24 Fluid with 65 lbm/ft3 density is flowing steadily through
(c) !>? =4.36 kg/s
the rectangular box shown. Given A1 5 0.5 ft2, A2 5 0.1 ft2,

ID water pipe consists of A 5 0.6 ft2, V ~ 5 10i^^ft=s, and V~ 5 20j^^ft=s, determine
3 1 2
flow rate of 2.2P7
gpm, what
You are trying to pump storm water out of your basement during a storm. The pump
~3 .
velocity V
t of water? What is the
can extract 27.5 gpm. The water level in the basement is now sinking by about 4 in./hr.
y y
What is the flow rate (gpm) from the storm into the basement? The basement is 30 ft x
A2 x A3 = 0.02 m2
through 10 nozzles, /
1
8-in. x
20 ft. A3
ft/s. What is the
average
? What is the system flow V1 = 3 m/s V2 = 10 m/s
Solucin: Q = 0.6 l/s
A 1
60 A1 = 0.1 m2 A2 = 0.05 m2
ank has a 3 m ID and a
iameter 10 cm, an exit of P4.24 P4.25
k is initially empty when
4.25 Consider steady, incompressible flow through the
ducing an average inlet
device shown. Determine the magnitude and direction of
n the tank reaches 0.7 m,
the volume flow rate through port 3.
w out of the exit; the exit
water level reaches 2 m 4.26 A rice farmer needs to fill her 150 m 3 400 m field with
vel remains at 2 m. Find water to a depth of 7.5 cm in 1 hr. How many 37.5-cm-
p is switched on, (b) the diameter supply pipes are needed if the average velocity in
and (c) the flow rate into each must be less than 2.5 m/s?
4.27 You are making beer. The first step is filling the glass
3
generates 15 m /s of air carboy with the liquid wort. The internal diameter of the
build a wind tunnel with carboy is 15 in., and you wish to fill it up to a depth of 2 ft. If
build the tunnel with a your wort is drawn from the kettle using a siphon process
ons: section 1 will have a that flows at 3 gpm, how long will it take to fill?
eter of 1 m, and section 3 4.28 In your kitchen, the sink is 2 ft by 18 in. by 12 in. deep. You
peed is 75 m/s. are filling it with water at the rate of 4 gpm. How long will it take
ions 1 and 2? (in min) to half fill the sink? After this you turn off the faucet
ction 3 be to attain the and open the drain slightly so that the tank starts to drain at
on? 1 gpm. What is the rate (in./min) at which the water level drops?