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An air-cooled exchanger is used to cool fluids Fin construction types are tension-wrapped, em-
with ambient air. Several articles have been pub- bedded, extruded, welded, and plate. The applica-
lished describing in detail their application and eco- tion of each type is a matter of agreement between
nomic analysis. (See Bibliography at the end of this manufacturers, contractors and users, depending on
section.) This section describes the general design of the temperatures and other conditions of the service.
air cooled exchangers and presents a method of ap-
proximate sizing. Base tube diameters are % in. to 1% in. OD with
fins from ?4 in. to 1 in. high, spaced
- - from 7 to ll/in..
ARRANGEMENT AND MECHANICAL DESIGN providing an extended finned surface of 12 to 25 tknei
the outside surface of the base tubing. Tubes are
Figs. 9-1 and 9-2 show typical elevation and plan
Thermal Design
The basic equation to be satisfied is the same as
given in Section 8, Shell & Tube Exchangers:
Either method is equally valid and each is used Procedure and example
extensively by thermal design engineers. Fig. 9-5 Required data for hot fluid
gives typical overall heat transfer coefficients based
on both extended surface and outside bare surface, so Name and phase: 48' API hydrocarbon liquid
either method may be used. The extended-surface (Text cont'd. p. 9-7)
LIST OF SYMBOLS
-A, = outside bare tube surface, sq ft U = over-all heat transfer coefficient, BTU/hr/
sq ft/OF.
A, = outside extended surface of tube, sq ft W = flow rate, lb/hr
A, = tube inside cross-sectional area, sq in. P = viscosity of fluid at average fluid tem-
(Fig. 8-17) perature, centipoise
r Bay w~dth-
b
I
Un~tw~dth
/-
Tube
length
<--A
I
A
i b
,0--.
c-**
#;$\
4
/ \ \ \ /'.
I
\ \/
'.-.A'
TIrbe Tube
l e19th
~ w e - - - - - - - - length ----------- --- - - - - - -
/--\
'r.9.
---4/ -*-c/
I
!
FIG. 9-3
MTD correction factors Typical tube layouts
Inlet Inlet
1 pass-cross flow
Both fluids unmixed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nomenclature: ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ ~ ~ 0 0 0
TI =inlet temperature, tube side
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tr=outlet temperature, tube side -
tI = inlet temperature, air side
Outlet Outlet
t2 =outlet temperature, air side
1.0
0.9
.-
b
2 0.8
-
.-S
V
?
ij
V
0.7
0.6
0.5
0 0.1 0.2 03 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 09 1.0
P
R= -
TI- Tr
tr- tl
P= -
tr- 11
TI- t~
Courtesy the Ro~neyCarp
I
Physical properties & avg temp: Avg. T = 200°F. Flow quantity: W, = 273, 000 lb/hr
Cp = .55 BTU;lb°F. F = .51 cp Temp in & out: T, = 250°F. T, = 150°F.
k = .0766 BTU/hr/Sq ft OF/ft. Fouling factor r,,, = .001
(From this Data Book) Allowable pressure drop: AP, = 5 psi
Heat load: Q = 15, 000,000 BTU/hr.
Required data for air
Ambient temp: t, = 100°F.
FIG. 9-5
Elevation : Sea level
Typical overall heat-transfer coefficients
Basic assumptions
for air coolers
Type: Forced draft
Service Fintube Fintube: 1 in. OD with % in. high fins
ys i n by 9 % in. by 10
Tube pitch: 2% in. triangular
1. Water & water solutions
First trial
u,, u, u, ux
Engine jacket water (r, = .001) 1 10 - 7.5 130 -6.1 1. Pick approx. overall transfer
Process water (rf = .002) 95-6.5 110-5.2 coefficient for Fig. 9-5: U, = 4.2
50-50 Ethyl glycol-water (rf = .001) 90 - 6.2 105 -
4.9 2. Approximate air temp. rise:
50-50 Ethyl glycol-water (rf = .002) 80 - 5.5 95 -
4.4
FIG. 9-8
Physical property factor for hydrocarbons
.
. . A , . . .
. .
)... . . . .
.!,.. .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . -1;
. .
: .. : . : . :. . . -... .....
'- " . ,........,- . ...! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Courtesy The Oil and Gor Journal
. " ' "LIL"" .
o.ol a s e
. -
I 2 4
7 890.1 2
5 4 0 e 7 . .
1 .O 2
a 4 s e 7 . 9 10
Vircorily, cp
_I
-
8. Calc. tubeside mass velocity by assuming
number of passes and reading A, from Fig.
8-17 for a 1 in. OD x 16 BWG tube.
.04 x 273,000 x 3
FIG. 9-9 G, = = 186 lb/sec/sq f t
Air film coefficient 297 x .5945
(Assume 3 pass)
.a3 #
,t ' " --. -.' ' (0.0024) (14.5) (30) (3)
I
=
AP~
0.98
+ (0.25) (3)
&
! ,
0.15
u"
0.10
3
0.09
0.87
0.08
2
-0 12. Calc. air quantity:
g 0.07
3
la)
a 0.06
==a
0.05 b
0.04
C
. -.- i
13. CalG air face . q ..
~_velocit@
--, - .
0.03 - ' w.- 2-
1,OOo 2,000 3,000 4,000 G, 5 - = lb/hr/sq f t face area
Air face mass velocity, Fa
Ib/hr-sq ft face area