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PROFESSIONAL
STANDARDS
FOR TEACHERS
TEACHER ACCREDITATION
Professional Knowledge 8
Professional Practice 12
Professional Engagement 18
Glossary 20
Acknowledgements 22
Notes 24
DSSP-28195
Teaching is a dynamic and rewarding profession. Good teachers provide students with
rich, interesting and well-structured learning experiences. Teachers who provide these
experiences enjoy the opportunities offered by the profession and recognition of their
achievements by the community.
The capacity to provide experiences for students requires a foundation of knowledge,
skills and capacities built in the early years of teaching. The Australian Professional
Standards for Teachers describe the knowledge, skills and understanding expected of
competent and effective teachers. Accreditation is the structure through which teachers
are recognised as meeting these Standards. It ensures the integrity and accountability
of the profession.
The NSW Education Standards Authority (NESA) continues to oversee the processes
of accreditation for all teachers in NSW, in consultation with teacher accreditation
authorities across the state.
This booklet contains important information regarding the roles of teachers and
their employers in the process of accreditation, the purpose and organisation of the
Standards, and the Standards themselves.
01
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
Introduction
The crucial role of the teacher Internationally6 and locally, education systems universities, school sectors and individual schools
are developing professional standards for have a responsibility to work together to support
Teachers share a significant responsibility in teachers to attract, develop, recognise and high-quality teaching and school leadership,
preparing young people to lead successful and retain quality teachers. High performing school including by enhancing pre-service10 teacher
productive lives. The Australian Professional systems, though strikingly different in construct education.11
Standards for Teachers (the Standards) reflect and context, [maintain] a strong focus on
and build on national and international evidence
that a teachers effectiveness has a powerful
improving instruction because of its direct impact Purpose of the Standards
upon student achievement.7
impact on students,1 with broad consensus that The Australian Professional Standards for
teacher quality is the single most important in- Teachers are a public statement of what
school factor influencing student achievement.2
Professional standards for constitutes teacher quality. They define the work
Effective teachers can be a source of inspiration
teachers of teachers and make explicit the elements of
and, equally importantly, provide a dependable Developing professional standards for teachers high-quality, effective teaching in 21st-century
and consistent influence on young people as they that can guide professional learning, practice schools that will improve educational outcomes
make choices about further education, work and and engagement facilitates the improvement for students. The Standards do this by providing
life. of teacher quality and contributes positively to a framework that makes clear the knowledge,
the public standing of the profession. The key practice and professional engagement required
As stated in the National Partnership on
elements of quality teaching are described in across teachers careers. They present a common
Improving Teacher Quality3 and the Melbourne
the Standards. They articulate what teachers are understanding and language for discourse
Declaration on Educational Goals for Young
expected to know and be able to do at four career between teachers, teacher educators, teacher
Australians,4 improving teacher quality is
stages: Graduate, Proficient, Highly Accomplished organisations, professional associations and the
considered an essential reform as part of
and Lead. public.
Australias efforts to improve student attainment
and ensure it has a world-class system of The Standards and their Standard Descriptors
education. The greatest resource in Australian represent an analysis of effective contemporary
schools is our teachers. They account for the vast practice by teachers throughout Australia.
majority of expenditure in school education and Their development included a synthesis of the
have the greatest impact on student learning, far descriptions of teachers knowledge, practice
outweighing the impact of any other education and professional engagement used by teacher
program or policy.5 accreditation and registration authorities,
employers and professional associations. Each
Standard Descriptor has been informed by
teachers understanding of what is required at
different stages of their careers. An extensive
validation process involving almost 6000 teachers
ensured that each Standard Descriptor was
shaped by the profession.
02
Teacher standards also inform the development The Graduate Standards underpin the
of professional learning goals, provide a accreditation of initial teacher education
framework by which teachers can judge the programs. Graduates from accredited programs
success of their learning and assist self-reflection qualify for registration or accreditation in each
and self-assessment.12 Teachers can use state and territory.
the Standards to recognise their current and
The Proficient Standards underpin processes for
developing capabilities, professional aspirations
full registration and accreditation as a teacher
and achievements.
and support the requirements of nationally
Standards contribute to the professionalisation of consistent teacher registration.
teaching and raise the status of the profession.
The Standards at the career stages of Highly
They could also be used as the basis for a
Accomplished and Lead are the basis of voluntary
professional accountability model,13 helping to
certification.14
ensure that teachers can demonstrate appropriate
levels of professional knowledge, professional
practice and professional engagement.
03
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
Organisation of the Standards
The Australian Professional Standards for Teachers comprise seven Standards that outline what teachers should know and be able to do.
The Standards are interconnected, interdependent and overlapping.
The Standards are grouped into three domains of teaching: Professional Knowledge, Professional Practice and Professional Engagement.
In practice, teaching draws on aspects of all three domains.
Within each Standard, focus areas provide further illustration of teaching knowledge, practice and professional engagement. These are then
separated into Standard Descriptors at four professional career stages: Graduate, Proficient, Highly Accomplished and Lead.
Professional Knowledge 1. Know students and how they learn Refer to the Standard at each career stage
04
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
Domains of teaching
Professional Knowledge Professional Practice Professional Engagement
Teachers draw on a body of professional Teachers are able to make learning Teachers model effective learning. They identify
knowledge and research to respond to engaging and valued. They are able to create their own learning needs and analyse, evaluate
the needs of their students within their and maintain safe, inclusive and challenging and expand their professional learning both
educational contexts. learning environments and implement fair collegially and individually.
and equitable behaviour management plans.
Teachers know their students well, Teachers demonstrate respect and
They use sophisticated communication
including their diverse linguistic, cultural professionalism in all their interactions with
techniques.
and religious backgrounds. They know how students, colleagues, parents/carers and the
the experiences that students bring to their Teachers have a repertoire of effective community. They are sensitive to the needs of
classroom affect their continued learning. teaching strategies and use them to parents/carers and can communicate effectively
They know how to structure their lessons implement well-designed teaching programs with them about their childrens learning.
to meet the physical, social and intellectual and lessons. They regularly evaluate all
Teachers value opportunities to engage with
development and characteristics of their aspects of their teaching practice to ensure
their school communities within and beyond the
students. they are meeting the learning needs of their
classroom to enrich the educational context for
students. They interpret and use student
Teachers know the content of their subjects students. They understand the links between
assessment data to diagnose barriers
and curriculum. They know and understand school, home and community in the social and
to learning and to challenge students to
the fundamental concepts, structure and intellectual development of their students.
improve their performance.
enquiry processes relevant to programs
they teach. Teachers understand what They operate effectively at all stages of
constitutes effective, developmentally the teaching and learning cycle, including
appropriate strategies in their learning and planning for learning and assessment,
teaching programs and use this knowledge developing learning programs, teaching,
to make the content meaningful to students. assessing, providing feedback on student
learning and reporting to parents/carers.
Through their teaching practice, teachers
develop students literacy and numeracy
within their subject areas. They are also
able to use information and communication
technology to contextualise and expand
their students modes and breadth of
learning.
05
Organisation of the Standards
The Australian Professional Standards for Teachers Graduate teachers demonstrate knowledge
of practical strategies to create rapport with
The seven Standards identify what is expected of teachers within three domains of teaching. students and manage student behaviour.
Teachers demonstration of the Standards and the Standard Descriptors will occur within their They know how to support students
specific teaching context at their stage of expertise and reflect the learning requirements of wellbeing and safety, working within school
the students they teach. and system curriculum and legislative
requirements.
Standard 1: Know students and how they learn
They understand the importance of working
Standard 2: Know the content and how to teach it
ethically, collaborating with colleagues,
Standard 3: Plan for and implement effective teaching and learning external professional and community
representatives, and contributing to the
Standard 4: Create and maintain supportive and safe learning environments
life of the school. Teachers understand
Standard 5: Assess, provide feedback and report on student learning strategies for working effectively, sensitively
Standard 6: Engage in professional learning and confidentially with parents/carers
and recognise their role in their childrens
Standard 7: Engage professionally with colleagues, parents/carers and the education.
community
Proficient teachers
Focus areas and standard descriptors Graduate teachers Proficient teachers meet the requirements
for full registration or accreditation through
The focus areas and Standard Descriptors Graduate teachers have completed a
demonstrating achievement of all the
identify the components of quality teaching qualification that meets the requirements
Standard Descriptors at this level.
at each career stage. They constitute agreed of a nationally accredited program of
characteristics of the complex process of initial teacher education. The award of this These teachers create effective teaching
teaching. An effective teacher is able to qualification means that they have met the and learning experiences for their students.
integrate and apply knowledge, practice and Graduate Standards. They know the unique backgrounds of their
professional engagement as outlined in the students and adjust their teaching to meet
On successful completion of their initial
Standard Descriptors to create teaching students individual needs and diverse
teacher education, graduate teachers
environments in which learning is valued. cultural, social and linguistic characteristics.
possess the requisite knowledge and skills
They develop safe, positive and productive
to plan for and manage learning programs
Professional capability at learning environments where all students
for students. They demonstrate knowledge
four career stages are encouraged to participate.
and understanding of the implications
The four career stages in the Standards for learning of students physical, They design and implement engaging
provide benchmarks to recognise the cultural, social, linguistic and intellectual teaching programs that meet curriculum,
professional growth of teachers throughout characteristics. They understand principles assessment and reporting requirements.
their careers. The Standard Descriptors of inclusion and strategies for differentiating They use feedback and assessment
across the four career stages represent teaching to meet the specific learning needs to analyse and support their students
increasing levels of knowledge, practice of students across the full range of abilities. knowledge and understanding. Proficient
and professional engagement for teachers. teachers use a range of sources, including
Graduate teachers have an understanding
Progression through the stages describes student results, to evaluate their teaching
of their subject(s), curriculum content
a growing understanding, applied with and to adjust their programs to better meet
and teaching strategies. They are able to
increasing sophistication across a broader student needs.
design lessons that meet the requirements
and more complex range of situations.
of curriculum, assessment and reporting.
They demonstrate the capacity to interpret
student assessment data to evaluate
student learning and modify teaching
practice. They know how to select and apply
timely and appropriate types of feedback to
improve students learning.
06
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
Proficient teachers are active participants Highly Accomplished teachers have in-depth They are skilled in mentoring teachers
in their profession and with advice from knowledge of subjects and curriculum and pre-service teachers, using activities
colleagues identify, plan and evaluate their content within their sphere of responsibility. that develop knowledge, practice and
own professional learning needs. They model sound teaching practices professional engagement in others. They
in their teaching areas. They work with promote creative, innovative thinking among
Proficient teachers are team members. They
colleagues to plan, evaluate and modify colleagues. They apply skills and in-depth
work collaboratively with colleagues; they
teaching programs to improve student knowledge and understanding to deliver
seek out and are responsive to advice about
learning. They keep abreast of the latest effective lessons and learning opportunities,
educational issues affecting their teaching
developments in their specialist content and share this information with colleagues
practice. They communicate effectively with
area or across a range of content areas for and pre-service teachers. They describe
their students, colleagues, parents/carers
generalist teachers. the relationship between highly effective
and community members. They behave
teaching and learning in ways that
professionally and ethically in all forums. Highly Accomplished teachers are skilled in
inspire colleagues to improve their own
analysing student assessment data and use
professional practice.
Highly Accomplished teachers it to improve teaching and learning.
They lead processes to improve student
Highly Accomplished teachers are They are active in establishing an
performance by evaluating and revising
recognised as highly effective, skilled environment that maximises professional
programs, analysing student assessment
classroom practitioners and routinely learning and practice opportunities for
data and taking account of feedback from
work independently and collaboratively to colleagues. They monitor their own
parents/carers. This is combined with a
improve their own practice and the practice professional learning needs and align them
synthesis of current research on effective
of colleagues. They are knowledgeable and to the learning needs of students.
teaching and learning.
active members of the school.
They behave ethically at all times. Their
They represent the school and the teaching
Highly Accomplished teachers contribute interpersonal and presentation skills are
profession in the community. They are
to their colleagues learning. They may also highly developed. They communicate
professional, ethical and respected
take on roles that guide, advise or lead effectively and respectfully with students,
individuals inside and outside the school.
others. They regularly initiate and engage colleagues, parents/carers and community
in discussions about effective teaching to members.
improve the educational outcomes for their
Conclusion
students. Lead teachers The development of the Australian
Professional Standards for the teaching
They maximise learning opportunities Lead teachers are recognised and
profession is an integral part of ensuring
for their students by understanding their respected by colleagues, parents/carers
quality learning and teaching in Australian
backgrounds and individual characteristics, and the community as exemplary teachers.
schools. With their development and
and the impact of those factors on their They have demonstrated consistent
implementation, Australian education
learning. They provide colleagues, including and innovative teaching practice over
systems are well placed to be among the
pre-service teachers, with support and time. Inside and outside the school they
best in the world.
strategies to create positive and productive initiate and lead activities that focus on
learning environments. improving educational opportunities for all These Standards build upon the significant
students. They establish inclusive learning work undertaken previously in Australia.
environments that meet the needs of They are a fundamental component of
students from different linguistic, cultural, the reforms agreed to in the National
religious and socio-economic backgrounds. Partnership on Improving Teacher Quality
They seek to improve their own practice and and will help to realise the goals and
to share their experience with colleagues. commitments set out in the Melbourne
Declaration.
07
Professional Knowledge
STANDARD 1
KNOW STUDENTS AND HOW THEY LEARN
1
FOCUS GRADUATE PROFICIENT HIGHLY ACCOMPLISHED LEAD
08
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
STANDARD 1
KNOW STUDENTS AND HOW THEY LEARN
1
FOCUS GRADUATE PROFICIENT HIGHLY ACCOMPLISHED LEAD
09
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
ProfessionalKnowledge
Professional Knowledge
STANDARD 2
KNOW THE CONTENT AND HOW TO TEACH IT
2
FOCUS GRADUATE PROFICIENT HIGHLY ACCOMPLISHED LEAD
10
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
STANDARD 2
KNOW THE CONTENT AND HOW TO TEACH IT
2
FOCUS GRADUATE PROFICIENT HIGHLY ACCOMPLISHED LEAD
11
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
Professional Practice
STANDARD 3
PLAN FOR AND IMPLEMENT EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING
3
FOCUS GRADUATE PROFICIENT HIGHLY ACCOMPLISHED LEAD
12
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
STANDARD 3
PLAN FOR AND IMPLEMENT EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING
3
FOCUS GRADUATE PROFICIENT HIGHLY ACCOMPLISHED LEAD
13
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
Professional Practice
STANDARD 4
CREATE AND MAINTAIN SUPPORTIVE AND SAFE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS
4
FOCUS GRADUATE PROFICIENT HIGHLY ACCOMPLISHED LEAD
14
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
STANDARD 4
CREATE AND MAINTAIN SUPPORTIVE AND SAFE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS
4
FOCUS GRADUATE PROFICIENT HIGHLY ACCOMPLISHED LEAD
15
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
ProfessionalPractice
Professional Practice
STANDARD 5
ASSESS, PROVIDE FEEDBACK AND REPORT ON STUDENT LEARNING
5
FOCUS GRADUATE PROFICIENT HIGHLY ACCOMPLISHED LEAD
16
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
STANDARD 5
ASSESS, PROVIDE FEEDBACK AND REPORT ON STUDENT LEARNING
5
FOCUS GRADUATE PROFICIENT HIGHLY ACCOMPLISHED LEAD
17
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
Professional Engagement
STANDARD 6
ENGAGE IN PROFESSIONAL LEARNING
6
FOCUS GRADUATE PROFICIENT HIGHLY ACCOMPLISHED LEAD
18
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
STANDARD 7
ENGAGE PROFESSIONALLY WITH COLLEAGUES, PARENTS/CARERS AND THE COMMUNITY
7
FOCUS GRADUATE PROFICIENT HIGHLY ACCOMPLISHED LEAD
19
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
Glossary
A C E
Accreditation Career stage Effective teaching strategies
AITSL: Endorsement that a program meets Benchmarks that recognise the professional Strategies that research and workplace
approved standards. growth of teachers throughout their careers, knowledge suggest contribute to successful
represented by increasing levels of knowledge, learning outcomes for students.
NSW: Achievement of the Australian Professional
practice and professional engagement.
Standards for Teachers at one of the key stages.
Evidence
Advocate Certification Data that is considered reliable and valid
Certification is a term used nationally to refer which can be used to support a particular idea,
Promote a view or position, or provide support to
to Highly Accomplished and Lead Teacher conclusion or decision.
others.
processes.
Assessment formative
Colleague I
Evaluating student learning to provide feedback
Other professionals and paraprofessionals (inside
to students and devise/change teaching and
and outside the school) including ICT
learning programs.
but not limited to teachers, principals, specialist Information and communication technology:
teachers, pre-service teachers, industry partners, the generation and application of knowledge
Assessment informal
education assistants, teachers aides. and processes to develop devices, methods and
Evaluating student performance through
systems.
techniques such as observation and anecdotal Context
records.
The set of circumstances or facts that surround a
particular event, situation or environment.
Assessment summative
Evaluating student achievement of learning goals Curriculum content
at a point in time.
What teachers are expected to teach and
students are expected to learn. Curriculum
B content includes knowledge, skills and
understanding that students are expected to learn
Broad
and is usually described for a particular learning
Ensuring variety, not narrow or limited; ie area at a particular year level.
comprehensive in content, knowledge, experience,
ability, or application. D
Demonstrate
To show or make evident knowledge and/or
understanding.
20
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
L R
Learning and teaching program Registration
An organised and sequenced program of teaching Regulatory processes for entry and continued
activities and strategies, assessment strategies employment in the teaching profession.
and resources.
S
Learning goals
The specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and Stages of learning
time-targeted (SMART) objectives set with, by and Levels of learning aligned to the age or
for students. development of students.
M Subject
Specific, recognised body of learning that is
Mentor described in a curriculum document or is the
A more experienced person who supports and focus of undergraduate studies.
assists another person in growing and learning in
their role. T
N Teacher Accreditation Authority
Person or body authorised to determine if a
NESA teacher meets the requirements for accreditation.
The NSW Education Standards Authority (NESA)
commenced operation on 1 January 2017. NESA W
has an increased focus on developing evidence-
based policy to improve student achievement and Workplace knowledge
support teachers, and risk-based monitoring of
Knowledge of learning and teaching developed
Teacher Accreditation Authorities and schools.
by practitioners within the context of their work
environment.
Non-verbal communication
The use of unspoken cues generated by both the
teacher and their environment that have potential
message value to students. This could include but
is not limited to eye contact, gestures, proximity
and visual aids.
P
Pre-service teachers
Students in initial teacher education programs
provided by higher education institutions.
21
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
Acknowledgements
The Australian Professional For work in 2012, special Ms Kerrie Moss,
22
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
National Standards Validation University of New England
Steering Group The National Centre of Science, ICT
Mr Scott Bulfin,
and Mathematics Education for Rural
Australian Association for the Teaching
and Regional Australia (SiMERR)
of English Professor John Pegg,
Project Team Leader,
Ms Fran Cosgrove,
Director of SiMERR National Centre
Victorian Institute of Teaching
Dr Greg McPhan,
Mr Rob Durbridge,
Project Executive Office,
Australian Education Union
Postdoctoral Research Fellow
Ms Sandra Harvey,
Dr Bruce Mowbray,
Australian Primary Principals Association
Psychometric Analyst,
Mr Will Morony, Research Fellow
Australian Association of Mathematics
Mr Trevor Lynch,
Teachers
Research Fellow
Mr Kim Tsolakis,
Australian Professional Teachers Teaching Australia
Association
Dr Gregor Ramsay AM CEO
Ms Sheree Vertigan,
Ms Fran Hinton CEO
Australian Secondary Principals Association
Ms Helen Tracey
Mr Chris Watt,
Independent Education Union of Australia
23
Notes
1. J Hattie, Teachers make a difference: what 6. OECD, Teacher evaluation: a conceptual 10. The terminology initial teacher education
is the research evidence? paper presented to framework and examples of country practice, has replaced the term pre-service teacher
Australian Council for Educational Research paper presented at the OECD-Mexico education.
Annual Conference, Melbourne, 1921 October workshop, towards a teacher evaluation
11. Ministerial Council for Education Employment,
2003. framework in Mexico: international practices,
Training and Youth Affairs, Melbourne
criteria and mechanisms, Mexico City, 12
2. Organisation for Economic Co-operation declaration on educational goals for young
December 2009.
and Development (OECD), Teachers matter: Australians, Melbourne, 2008, viewed 31
Attracting, developing and retaining effective 7. M Barber & M Mourshed, How the January 2011, p 11, <http://www. curriculum.
teachers, 6th edn, Paris, OECD Publishing, worlds best-performing school edu.au/verve/_resources/National_
2005. systems come out on top, London, McKinsey & Declaration_on_the_Educational_Goals_
Company, 2007, p 13. for_Young_Australians.pdf>.
3. Council of Australian Governments (COAG),
National partnership on improving teacher 8. Ministerial Council for Education, Employment, 12. RJ Yinger & MS Hendricks-Lee, The language
quality, Canberra, 2008, viewed 31 January Training and Youth Affairs, Melbourne of standards and teacher education reform,
2011, <http://www.coag.gov.au/intergov_ declaration on educational goals for young Educational Policy, 14(1), 2000, 94106,
agreements/federal_financial_relations/docs/ Australians, Melbourne, 2008, viewed 24 viewed 18 January 2011, <http://epx.sagepub.
national_partnership/national_partnership_on_ November 2010, <http://www.curriculum.edu. com/content/14/1/94>.
improving_teacher_quality.pdf>. au/verve/_resources/National_Declaration_
13. ibid.
on_the_Educational_Goals_ for_Young_
4. Ministerial Council for Education, Employment,
Australians.pdf>. 14. Accreditation in NSW.
Training and Youth Affairs, Melbourne
declaration on educational goals for young 9. Although Australian education systems 15. Great Teaching, Inspired Learning: What does
Australians, Melbourne, 2008, viewed 31 perform strongly against other OECD the evidence tell us about effective training?
January 2011, <http://www.curriculum.edu. countries, low equity is still a significant issue. NSW Department of Education and
au/verve/_resources/National_Declaration_ In response to this, the Melbourne Declaration Communities, Centre for Education Statistics
on_the_Educational_Goals_ for_Young_ commits to specific actions such as improving and Evaluation, Office of Education, 2013, p 4.
Australians.pdf>. educational outcomes for Indigenous youth
and students with disability.
5. B Jensen, What teachers want: Better
teacher management, Melbourne, Grattan
Institute, 2010, p 5.
24
Australian Professional Standards for Teachers
The Australian* Professional Standards for Teachers were approved by the NSW
Minister for Education on 27 July 2012.
Work on the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers (the Standards)
commenced under the auspices of the Ministerial Council for Education, Early Childhood
Development and Youth Affairs (MCEECDYA) in 2009. Significant work was undertaken
by the National Standards Sub-group of the Australian Education, Early Childhood
Development and Youth Affairs Senior Officials Committee (AEEYSOC) during 2009
10. The Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership (AITSL) assumed
responsibility for validating and finalising the Standards in July 2010.
The Australian Professional Standards for Teachers were endorsed by MCEECDYA in
December 2010. AITSL appreciates ministers commitment to quality teaching and to
the National Partnership on Improving Teaching Quality, and looks forward to continuing
work with them on these important national reforms.
2011 Education Services Australia as the legal entity for the Ministerial Council for Education, Early Childhood Development and Youth Affairs (MCEECDYA).
ISBN: 978-0-9871650-2-2 Other than as permitted above or by the Copyright The Australian Institute for Teaching and School
Act 1968 (Commonwealth), no part of this Leadership was formed to provide national
Education Services Australia, as the legal
publication may be reproduced, stored, published, leadership for the Commonwealth, state and
entity for the Ministerial Council for Education,
performed, communicated or adapted, regardless territory governments in promoting excellence
Early Childhood Development and Youth
of the form or means (electronic, photocopying or in the profession of teaching and school
Affairs (MCEECDYA) owns the copyright in
otherwise), without the prior written permission of leadership with funding provided by the Australian
this publication. This publication or any part
the copyright owner. Address enquiries regarding Government.
of it may be used freely only for non-profit
copyright to:
education purposes provided the source is clearly
acknowledged. The publication may not be sold or MCEECDYA Secretariat, PO Box 202,
used for any other commercial purpose. Carlton South, VIC 3053, Australia.
25
Outstanding teaching is
what drives the profession.
Outstanding teaching is what
reassures all other members
of the profession that this is
something worth doing.
Tom Alegounarias, Chairperson, NSW Education Standards Authority