Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence.

Type your response in the box

at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be
judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points
in the passage.

Public figures include politicians and other public officials such as judges and civil servants
as well as celebrities such as film stars, musicians and sports stars. The very nature of these
roles opens these people to scrutiny by the press. The extent to which the media are legally
free to investigate and publish details of public figures private lives varies from country to
country. Countries like France are much stricter on protecting personal privacy than, for
example, Britain.

People have a right to know about those in power. Whether through taxes, in the case of
politicians and civil servants, or by revenue generated by films, music, TV, sporting
appearances or concerts in the case of celebritiesthese peoples income is dependant on the
general public.

People have the right to make informed judgements about the kind of leaders they have.
Attempts to restrict what may be reported about public figures in the press could easily
become a conspiracy to keep voters in the dark and to manipulate them. All elections are to a
greater or lesser extent about the character of the leading politicians involved. Unless the
voters are allowed insights into their private lives they will lack the information needed to
make a fair decision at the polling booth. For example, some people believe that a politician
who betrayed his wife in an affair was equally capable of breaking his promises and lying to
his country.

Exposing corruption and dishonesty on the part of public officials and businesses is a critical
part of the function of a free press, and it is essential to the functioning of a free-market
economy. If investigative journalists are prevented from scrutinising the private lives of
public figures, then corruption and crime will be much easier to hide.

Public figures know that with fame comes a price and that price is constant scrutiny. In fact,
many celebrities actively seek media exposure in order to advance their careers, revealing to
the media many aspects of their personal lives. Once success has been bought in such a
fashion it is then somewhat hypocritical to complain of press intrusion into those few
aspects the star would prefer to remain hidden.
Kids mimic what their parents do and a new study on TV-viewing habits proves just that.

Research published July 15 in Pediatrics shows that the amount of time parents watch TV is
connected to how much TV their children watch, even more so than the location of the TV in
the home or the familys rules for television watching. The American Academy of Pediatrics
suggests that children and teens should only be allowed to use high-quality entertainment
media for one to two hours per day. In addition, the house should have screen-free zones
like the childrens bedroom, where there are no TVs, computer games or video games. The
TV should be turned off during dinner, the academy adds.

Each hour of TV viewed by the parents was linked to an additional half hour of viewing time
for children. Children whose parents watched more than the average also watched more
compared to kids whose parents stuck to the four hours daily.

Parents TV time had a stronger association to how much time children watched television
compared to house rules on time limits, whether the children had a TV in the bedroom and
whether the family was watching together. Parents who restricted television time only were
able to cut down viewing times for children who were in the 6 to 11-year-old age group.
Adolescents watched about one more hour of TV than their parents thought they did, the
results also showed.

Humans lack the enzyme necessary to digest cellulose. Hay and grasses are particularly
abundant in cellulose, and both are indigestible by humans (although humans can digest
starch). Animals such as termites and herbivores such as cows, koalas, and horses all digest
cellulose, but even these animals do not themselves have an enzyme that digests this material.
Instead, these animals harbor microbes that can digest cellulose.

Animals such as cows have anaerobic bacteria in their digestive tracts which digest cellulose.
Cows are ruminants, or animals that chew their cud. Ruminants have several stomachs that
break down plant materials with the help of enzymes and bacteria. The partially digested
material is then regurgitated into the mouth, which is then chewed to break the material down
even further. The bacterial digestion of cellulose by bacteria in the stomachs of ruminants is
anaerobic, meaning that the process does not use oxygen. One of the by-products of
anaerobic metabolism is methane, a notoriously foul-smelling gas. Ruminants give off large
amounts of methane daily. In fact, many environmentalists are concerned about the
production of methane by cows, because methane may contribute to the destruction of ozone
in Earths stratosphere.

Although cellulose is indigestible by humans, it does form a part of the human diet in the
form of plant foods. Small amounts of cellulose found in vegetables and fruits pass through
the human digestive system intact. Cellulose is part of the material called fiber that
dieticians and nutritionists have identified as useful in moving food through the digestive
tract quickly and efficiently. Diets high in fiber are thought to lower the risk of colon cancer
because fiber reduces the time that waste products stay in contact with the walls of the colon
(the terminal part of the digestive tract).
Hypergrowth. If you have not yet heard of the term, it mean company growth accelerated far
beyond normal expectations. There are companies that grow quickly, but a company
undergoing hypergrowth will see rapid increases in demand for products and services. This is
very common in Chinese markets because of their global economic power and the massive
size of their population.

While hypergrowth may seem both profitable and exciting, such rapid growth causes a
number of problems that are not easily managed. The first is customer satisfaction and
responsiveness. With skyrocketing growth, the pressure not only to deliver but to address
legitimate customer concerns greatly increases. A company may gain customers, but if it
loses them through subpar service or product quality, the momentum can quickly be lost.

Unexpected growth also places extreme pressure on hiring enough people to do the essential
tasks. It is not just a numbers game. The quality must be there as well, as the hiring of
employees who fail to meet company and product standards will cause system wide problems.
If new hires are found to be substandard, then they will have to be replaced, which requires
more time and reduced short-term productivity.

The new hire problem is an issue, but an equally important issue is retaining key people.
There will be enormous expectations placed on managers and employees alike during rapid
expansion, but the rewards will normally be down the road. This means that your best talent
will be strained, yet the company will be depending on these key people to adjust to the
hypergrowth. It is likely you will have some turnover, and replacing their experience and
knowledge will not be easy.

Australian Education

Different cultures have different ideas on relationships and how they are viewed and acted
out. For example love and romance are seen to be very important in the western cultures and
marriages are based on this, however in non-western cultures, such as china, love and
romance are less important. To Western cultures falling in love is seen to be a vital part of
growing up and Erikson (1968) believed that the establishment of an intimate relationship is
an essential part of young adulthood which if unsuccessful can lead to social isolation.

A study which supported the fact that different cultures have their own ideas on relationships
was carried out by Moore and Leung (2001) who compared 212 students, born and studying
in Australia, with 106 students born in China but studying in Australia. They found that 61%
of the Australian students were in relationships compared to only 38% of Chinese students.
They also found that Australian males were more casual about relationships than Australian
females whereas both Chinese males and females shoed similar levels of romance. This
shows that there is a difference in the nature of relationships in different cultures as the
Australian students and the Chinese students showed different results and different ideas on
relationships.

This study however is lacking in population validity and can therefore not be generalised to
everybody in other cultures. This is because it was carried out on a sample of all similar aged
people of only two different cultures who were all living in Australia which is not a
representative sample of the whole population causing the study to have low external validity.
1. Read the given text and summarize it in your words.

It is obvious from the visible garbage around us that solid wastes are not being managed
properly. However, housing colonies are the most disorganized sector as far as garbage is
concerned. As a result, the legal garbage dumps are overflowing and the number of illegal
garbage dumps in the by-lanes, parks and roadside is on the increase in most colonies of
Delhi, and for that matter in all Indian cities.

At present five percent of Delhis land mass is being choked by the garbage. This five
percent has become a wasteland, its utility is steadily declining and soil quality is
deteriorating. Besides being eyesores, these garbage dumps pose health and environment
hazard for the ten million people who live in Delhi. They are the breeding grounds for the
germs of infectious diseases like plague, tuberculosis, dysentery, diarrhoea, eye-infections
and numerous skin ailments.

Scientific management of garbage thus is one of the most important services that need to be
regularized in all residential colonies. After exploring all viable solutions to this problem, I
have successfully launched an indigenous scheme Cleaning Brigade in many colonies of
Delhi. The Cleaning Brigades are managing solid wastes for at least 25 thousand Delhites. A
year and a half back the first cleaning brigade was launched during the Asiad. Since then it
has been constantly expanding.

2. Read the given text and summarize it in your words.

All work and no play make Jack a dull boy, says a proverb. This dictum has become true
only if we know that what play means. The dictum incorporates every kind of entertainment
along with playing in its meaning. Playing is immensely helpful. It builds our reflexes,
stamina, strength and energy. It builds a spirit of sportsmanship and a sense of comradeship
in us. It also increases our intelligence and memory because we inhale more oxygen while
playing.

Coming to entertainment, we must first establish as to what constitutes entertainment? Most

students I have spoken to watch films or television, go to discos or listen to violent, deafening
music because they want to be entertained. When I ask them why they dont read something
truly worthwhile, they say it bores them. I wonder why the stupid and the insane entertain
them and the profound bores them? I wish someone would probe the very basis of our
existence. Most of us glamorize laziness. We seek religion mainly because it is a license to be
lazy and not to think. We accumulate people for all sorts of causes in order to fill the
emptiness of our minds. Fathers retire at 60 and stop working in offices at 35. Mothers are
choked with domestic work. They may be both do no more than three hours of creative work
but they expect their child to work for twelve. They have perhaps forgotten that best impetus
for a child is inspiration through personal example.
1. Read the given text and summarize it in your words.

Do we know the difference between knowledge and wisdom? Is there a need to know the
difference between them? Are we well equipped to handle the vagaries of existence with
what is known to us? Knowledge means all that we acquire from what we read, hear or see.
Wisdom means the ability to choose from what is available to us and then use it for our own
benefit. Today, the world has started talking about the value based education. What does it
mean? In simple terms it means two things. First, it accept that current education has badly let
down.

Secondly, it lays stress on values, and hence wisdom, instead of mere knowledge. How do we
acquire this value based education? The answer becomes simple if we need education. We
need education only to make us live better and more joyously. Once we know this we must
add only those things in education which achieve this aim. The dictum that a healthy mind
can exist only in a healthy body is a time tested one. Schools, thus become sources of
healthy bodies too. This can best be achieved by yoga because games are beyond our
financial capabilities. Yoga is very beneficial. It occupies so little space, and can be done
without the least bit of fuss. One wonders why schools have not adopted it as a mandatory
subject at all levels.

2. Read the given text and summarize it in your words.

A famous English proverb states that a friend in need is a friend indeed. We have come to
accept this as a definition of friendship to such a large extent that we fail to see the inherent
flaw in it. A friend who is deemed to be so only because he comes to our help suggests that
we cannot help ourselves. This means that the friendship must benefit parasites and looters in
order to be truly divine.

The Indian Shastras have talked endlessly about the evolution of virtues before interacting
with any person. A persons ability, his moral and intellectual values and his ability to walk
on the path of truth must be evaluated before he is deemed to be fit for our friendship. It
would have been much better if the proverb had read, A friend in deed is a friend indeed. A
person whose deeds are virtuous and pro-life in his own best friend, and hence, is primed to
be our friend as well. Friendship must not be based on mutual dependence and moral slavery
but on joyous existence and intellectual freedom.

You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below.
Your response will be judged on how well you develop a position, organize your ideas,
present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should
write 200300 words.

Age discrimination occurs when a decision is made on the basis of a persons age. In the
workplace, these are most often decisions about being employed in the first place,
winning promotions or being unfairly dismissed. Should discrimination against older
workers be made illegal?
You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below.
Your response will be judged on how well you develop a position, organize your ideas,
present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should
write 200300 words.

The claim that animals have rights has been the subject of much debate since the
1970s. Are zoos helping or hurting our animals? Should zoos be banned? Do you agree
or disagree?

You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below.
Your response will be judged on how well you develop a position, organize your ideas,
present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should
write 200300 words.

Parents have more influence on a child's development than school does. How far do you
agree with this statement? Support your point of view with examples from your own
experience.

You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below.
Your response will be judged on how well you develop a position, organize your ideas,
present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should
write 200300 words.

People today rely too much on the internet. To what extent do you agree? Support your
argument with reasons and examples.

You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below.
Your response will be judged on how well you develop a position, organize your ideas,
present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should
write 200300 words.

Doing a part-time job while studying is important and useful for most university
students. How far do you agree with this statement? Support your opinion with reasons
and examples from your own experience.

You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below.
Your response will be judged on how well you develop a position, organize your ideas,
present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should
write 200300 words.

All children should learn to play a range of different sports while they are at school.
How far do you agree with this statement? Support your point of view with reasons and
examples from your own experience.