Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Raymond Schmitz
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SP Maio 2015
PUBLIC - 5058-CO900H Copyright 2015 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Sistema com inversor
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Copyright 2005 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2015 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Sistema com Inversor
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Copyright 2005 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2015 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Harmnicas -Tpicos
Definio.
Efeitos das correntes harmnicas
Medindo as harmnicas (onde ?)
Porque os inversores produzem harmnicas ?
Entendendo a IEEE-519
Variao das harmnicas em funo da carga
Efeito das harmnicas sobre o fator de potncia
Como minimizar as harmnicas
Ferramenta para estimar as harmnicas
Concluso
A RSS da FFT
deve atender
a THD e a TDD
Recomendado pela IEEE no
PCC
IA IA
VAN
VAN
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Exemplos de Cargas lineares
Motores
Resistores de aquecimento
Transformadores ( apos energizao )
Lampadas encandescentes, etc.
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Copyright 2015 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Exemplos de Cargas no-lineares
Lmpadas Fluorecentes
Fontes Chaveadas
Fornos a Arco
Retificadores, etc.
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Harmnicas em um Retificador Tpico
( 6 Pulsos )
Copyright 2005 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Harmnicas de
EQUIPMENT
TELEPHONE
PCC EQUIPMENT
Corrente
DATA
PROCESSING
CENTER
IH
causam
HARMONIC SOURCE
Distoro de Tenso
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DIAGRAMA UNIFILAR
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Copyright 2005 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2015 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Porque os inversores produzem harmnicas ?
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AC Motor Output
AC Line Input
Converter DC Inverter
AC to DC Bus DC to AC
Filter
VMan2
75hp, 480V Converter Llink
+
V Ldclink
VMan1 D1 D2 D3
+
ET1
La Va Lar
Va Lsource Lreactor
I0 := 0 + +
V VMab V VMac bus_cap Cbus Load
ET2
Lb Vb Lbr V0 := Vstart
Vc Lsource Lreactor
I0 := load_cur I0 := load_cur
D4 D5 D6
FML_INIT2
333.3 333.3
0 0
-333.3 -333.3
-666.7 -666.7
-800.0 -800.0
50.00m 62.50m 75.00m 87.50m 100.00m
333.3 333.3
0 0
-333.3 -333.3
-666.7 -666.7
-800.0 -800.0
50.00m 62.50m 75.00m 87.50m 100.00m
600.0 600.0
400.0
Van 400.0
200.0
Ia 200.0
0 0
-100.0 -100.0
81.50m82.50m 85.00m 87.50m 90.00m 92.50m
93.50m
400A/ms
PUBLIC Copyright 2015 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Retificador de Entrada
Copyright 2005 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
VMan2
75hp, 480V Converter Llink
+
V Ldclink
VMan1 D1 D2 D3
+
ET1 Lar
La
Va Lsource Lreactor
I0 := 0 + +
V VMab V VMac bus_cap Cbus Load
ET2 V0 := Vstart
Lb Lbr
Vc Lsource Lreactor
I0 := load_cur I0 := load_cur
D4 D5 D6
FML_INIT2
333.3 333.3
0 0
-333.3 -333.3
-666.7 -666.7
-800.0 -800.0
150.0m 162.5m 175.0m 187.5m 200.0m
600.0 600.0
Van
400.0 400.0
200.0 200.0
Ia
0 0
-100.0 -100.0
181.5m182.5m 185.0m 187.5m 190.0m 192.5m
193.5m
80A/ms
PUBLIC Copyright 2015 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Importante
Harmnicas de corrente
criam
Distoro de tenso
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Copyright 2005 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2015 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Entendendo a IEEE-519
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Low-Voltage Systems
Application Maximum THD (%)
Special Applications - hospitals and airports 3.0%
General System 5.0%
Dedicated System - exclusively converter load 10.0%
Current distortion Limits for General Distribution Systems (120V through 69,000V)
Maximum Harmonic Current Distortion in Percent of Iload
Isc/Iload <11 11<=h<17 17<=h<23 23<=h<35 35<=h TDD (% )
<20 4.0 2.0 1.5 0.6 0.3 5.0
20<50 7.0 3.5 2.5 1.0 0.5 8.0
50<100 10.0 4.5 4.0 1.5 0.7 12.0
100<1000 12.0 5.5 5.0 2.0 1.0 15.0
>1000 15.0 7.0 6.0 2.5 1.4 20.0
Even harmonics are limited to 25% of the odd harmonic limits above
Table 10.3
Isc=maximum short circuit current at PCC
Iload=maximum demand load current (fundamental frequency component) at PCC
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O objetivo da IEEE 519(Primeiro Mandamento)
113Arms
PCC1 V(THD) <= 5%
981Arms
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Atender a IEEE-519 no Inversor ???
Copyright 2005 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
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70 Iharm
Ifund
60 I(THD)
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 % Load 60 80 100
I(THD) aumenta a medida que a carga diminue ;
NOTA : I(fund) diminue a medida que a carga diminue ;
I(THD) = Iharm / Ifund I(harm) diminue a medida que a carga diminue.
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h= k n 1
A = 1/h
Retificador
60
phase _ shift
number _ of _ sec ondary _ windings
para um retificador de 12 pulsos, o deslocamento de fase deve ser 60/2=30 (Ex : enrolamentos em
no secundrio e Y no tercirio).
para um retificador de 18 pulsos, o deslocamento de fase entre enrolamentos do secundrio sero de
20, 0 e -20 (Ex : configurao dos enrolamentos em delta ou estrela).
Rectificador de
12 Pulsos
Regenerative AC Drive
AC Motor Output
AC Line Input
Converter DC Inverter
AC to DC Bus DC to AC
Filter
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Copyright 2015 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Reator no barramento CC e/ou Reator de entrada
Copyright 2005 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
VMan2
75hp, 480V Converter Llink
+
V Ldclink
VMan1 D1 D2 D3
+
ET1 Lar
La
Va Lsource Lreactor
I0 := 0 + +
V VMab V VMac bus_cap Cbus Load
ET2 V0 := Vstart
Lb Lbr
Vc Lsource Lreactor
I0 := load_cur I0 := load_cur
D4 D5 D6
FML_INIT2
I(THD) de 4 at 7% %Z AC DC
DC AC
M
hp
-25.00m -20.00m -10.00m 0 10.00m Passive Filter
20.00m 24.90m
150.0 Ia = f( S,...
Motor
100.0 100.0 Load
50.0 50.0
0 0
-50.0 -50.0
-100.0 -100.0
-150.0 -150.0
-25.00m -20.00m -10.00m 0 10.00m 20.00m 24.90m
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Filtros Ativos
Drive
Transformer DC Link
xfmr Choke
I(THD) tpico de 3 6% %Z Ifund Ifund + Iharm AC DC
DC AC
Iharm AC
DC
M
hp
-25.00m -20.00m -10.00m 0 10.00m 20.00m 24.90m
150.0 Ia = f( S,... Active Filter
Motor
100.0 100.0
Load
50.0 50.0
0 0
-50.0 -50.0
-100.0 -100.0
-150.0 -150.0
-25.00m -20.00m -10.00m 0 10.00m 20.00m 24.90m
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Estrela-Tringulo (pseudo 12-Pulsos)
Drive
Transformer
Copyright 2005 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved. DC Link
xfmr Choke
%Z AC DC
DC AC
M
or
Soluo para dois inversores. reactor
Drive
Proporciona uma boa diminuio DC Link
Choke
do contedo harmnico. AC DC
1000.0
150.0m 162.5m 175.0m 187.5m 200.0m
La1.I = f... Carga : 50% em cada trafo.
500.0 500.0
(A corrente mostrada ao lado foi medida
com 100% de carga aplicada no
0 0
inversor superior e 25% de carga
-500.0 -500.0
aplicada no inversor inferior)
-1000.0 -1000.0
150.0m 162.5m 175.0m 187.5m 200.0m
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Custos das tcnicas de reduo de
harmnicas
$90,000
Copyright 2005 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
25 HP
50 HP
75 HP
100 HP
150 HP
200 HP
250 HP
300 HP
400 HP
500 HP
800 HP
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Custos das tcnicas de reduo de harmnicas -
2010
Copyright 2005 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Iharm, A 20 20 20 20
Ifund, A 10 20 100 1000
Itotal, A 22.4 28.3 102.0 1000.2
I(THD) 200% 100% 20% 2%
Lembre-se : I(THD) = Iharm/Ifund
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Exemplo IEEE-519
Copyright 2005 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Internet :
http://www.rockwellautomation.com
http://www.rockwellautomation.com.br
Muito obrigado!
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