SIERRA LEONE DEVELOPMENT

(TIPS FOR SMALL BUSSINESS DEVELOPMENT)

1- Abstract:
This research proposes a new tips that may results in helping
progressing the national developing plan for SIERRA LEONE.

These tips are related to people daily requirements through

housing, infrastructure and transportation.

2- General :
In simple form, one of the most problems facing the developing
countries is how to minimize the funds of its people daily
requirement and maximize the funds of developing plans such as
education, agriculture, industry, technology.etc.

On the other hand, there is a simple rule that said mega plans
consists of small plans.

So, this research focusing on some tips that may minimize funds
for daily requirements and sharing the people their dream through
workshops to finally get better life of their own.

3- Research Targets :
As SIERRA LEONE is one of the most promising counties in the
west Africa, this research proposes a new tips in housing,
infrastructure and transportation to get the following deliverables :

1- Minimize funds for people daily requirements.

2- Maximize the GNP trough building factories for special
products.
3- Encourage people to share the country developing plans
through small workshops to practice small business and
working techniques.
4- Getting new urban plans into activation phase.
5- Try to use national raw material in developing plans.

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4- Research Methodology:
The research methodology following the DELPHI METHOD, The
technique allows experts to deal systematically with a complex
problem or task. The essence of the technique is fairly
straightforward. It comprises a series of questionnaires sent either
by mail or via computerized systems, to a pre-selected group of
experts. These questionnaires are designed to elicit and develop
individual responses to the problems posed and to enable the
experts to refine their views as the groups work progresses in
accordance with the assigned task. The main point behind the
Delphi method is to overcome the disadvantages of conventional
committee action.

5- Research Application Area :

The research application area will be in the following branches:

1- Housing Construction specially small low cost housing.

2- Infrastructure specially electricity, water and waste water
systems.
3- Transportation specially roads and small bridges.

6- Tips according to application area:

1- Housing Construction
Interlock brick retaining wall system.
Light steel-wood structural sections for roofing system.
2- Infrastructure
Solar Panel Low Cost.
Compacted WWTP.
3- Transportation
Soil stabilization for category D roads.
Light weight self-erected bridges.

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HOOUSING G CONSTRUCTION
Interloc
ck brick
k retainiing walll system
m
Self-Building Con
ncrete Blo
ocks

The Blo ock ARMO system m allowss builderrs to cre eate concrete
structure
es that are as strrong as any a er, but it reduces total
othe
building time by a as much as 50 pe ercent. Fu
unded byy the Mexxican
Council for Scien nce and Technolo ogy, the single-m
module bllocks
can be assemble ed witho out any binders
b o
or mixturres, and their
design iss so intuiitive that there is no need for skille
ed labor w
when
using the
em.

Block ARMO
A bllocks co onsist of six diffferent pie eces sha aped
similarly to jigsaw w puzzle e pieces. But while jigsaw w puzzless are
notoriouss time-killers, Blo ock ARM MO is jusst the op pposite. Each
E
piece inttuitively fits into the next, w
with differe
ent piece
es for corners,
straight wwalls, et cetera. T The onlyy additionn on top of the bllocks
themselvves are m metal rodss that gett insertedd into the blocks' h
holes
every 800 centimetters.

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RRA LEONE DEVELOPMENT P
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HO
OUSING G CONSTRUCTION
Liight stee d structural sec
el-wood ctions fo
or roofing systtem
This system is a new tren nd of sup
pporting system
s fo
or light roofing
using the light w weight of wood se ection in combinaation withh the
steel secction with the adva
antage of high tenssion.

So, it woould be e
easy to m make a loow cost rooofing typical systems
that allow
w long sppans strucctures rested on retaining
r brick wallls by
using wo ood steel section.

The key idea is to

o fabricatte a speccial piecess of steell sectionss that
he wood ssections tto be colle
allows th ected or sstiffened.

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RRA LEONE DEVELOPMENT P
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INFRAASTRUC CTURE
Solar P
Panel Lo
ow Cost
hybrid ph
hotovoltaic and the
ermal solar panel

using a stand-alone pho otovoltaic / metha ane electtric geneerator

(methane e generate from the
e can be t comppacted WWWTP) hybrid
power syystem forr low-costt electricity producction whicch can sa
atisfy
the enerrgy load requiremments of a typical remote and isolated
rural area.

The PV array work to satisfy the DC D load and

a AC lo oad demaands.
When th he outputt power o of the PVV array, which
w depends onn the
solar raddiation va ariations, is abundant, the ggenerated
d power, after
satisfyingg the loa ad deman nd, will b
be supplie
ed to fee
ed the ba
attery
bank unttil it is fullyy charged
d.

On the ccontrary, during th

he nightss or days with loww sunlightt, the
output po
ower is p
poor; the battery
b baank will release po
ower to assist
a
the hybrid system
m to meett the loadd requirem ments unntil the ba
attery
bank is d
depleted then
t the generato
g r starts.

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INFRASTRUCTURE
Biological Wastewater Treatment Plants FEL 425
The biological process which is very similar to the existing
processes in nature takes place inside FEL domestic wastewater
treatment plant. To treat domestic wastewater biologically the
aerobic microorganisms are used.

The plant comprises of two chambers. Inner chamber is air tank,

in which the biological process takes place; the outer chamber is
the secondary settler, where sedimentation of the excess sludge
takes place and also treated wastewater rises to the outlet pipe.
Feeding the compressed air from the air blower to the fine
perforated membrane diffuser, the ideal conditions are created for
the microorganisms to grow and multiply. In this way the
circulating flow of wastewater and compressed air is formed in air
tank. As a result, the activated sludge is formed, which is
necessary for purification of organic pollutions. Activated sludge
disperses organic wastewater pollutants to water, carbon dioxide,
nitrogen etc. The mixture of the activated sludge from the air tank
gets into the conical part of the secondary settler, where there is
the settled and the compacted activated sludge. During the
filtration of the sludge mixture through the compressed sludge,
minor sludge flakes are also restrained, thus a lower
concentration of sinking materials is ensured in the treated
wastewater. The treated wastewater rises to the top of secondary
settler, reaches the duct of the treated wastewater, and then
through the outlet removed from the plant. During the operation of
the plant, it is necessary periodically to remove the sludge from 1
to 4 times per year, depending on the model and intensity of use.
This has to be done by meaning of sludge disposal truck.

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WWTP F
FEL 425
5 ADVANT
TAGES

Hig
gh pollutinng substaances cle eaning;
Duurable ligh
ht plastic constructtion (easyy to ship);
Tre
eated wasstewater is clear and a odorle ess;
Noo need in additiona al filtering equipme
ent;
Quuiet and ddoes not ddiffuse sm mell;
Noo moving parts inside which equire maintenancce or
h would re
rep
placemen nt.

ation
Specifica

1 leveel of the e water, 2 - the collection n duct o of the tre

eated
wastewa ater, 3 - a
air tank, 4 - bioloa
ad, 5 - slu
udge remmoval pipee, 6 -
secondary settlerr, 7 - air supply
s pipe, 8 - d
diffuser, 9 - compaacted
sludge lo
ocation, 10 - air blo
ower

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TRAN NSPORT TATION

S
Soil sta on for category
abilizatio y D road
ds
Necessitty:
Usse of Loca ally Availa
able Mate erials in R
Road Connstruction
Scarcity off good quality aggrega ates / ssoil for road
con nstruction
n
Pro oduction and accu umulation of differe ent waste
e materials
Dissposal an nd environnmental p problem
Economicall and gain nful utiliza
ation

Industria
al wastes:
Therm mal Powerr Stationss
- Fly ash
- Botttom ash
- Pon nd ash
Steel Plants
- Blast furnace slag
- Gra anulated blast
b furn
nace slag
- Ste eel slag

Favorablle propertties of flyy ash

- Lighht weightt, lesser pressure
p o
on sub-so oil
- Hig
gh shear sstrength
- Coaarser ashhes have high CBR R value
- Pozzzolanic nnature, ad dditional sstrength d
due to se elf-harden
ning
- Ammenable to o stabiliza ation
- Easse of commpaction
- Hig
gh permea ability
- Nonn plastic
- Fasster rate o
of consoliidation an nd low co ompressib bility
- Cann be com mpacted using vibra atory or static
s rolle
er

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TRAN
NSPORT TATION
Lightt weightt self-errected b
bridges
A scissoors structuure, whicch is applied to the
e structurral form o
of an
MB, is tyypically a deployable structture that has good d storagee and
conveyance perfformance e and iss thusly named because e its
al form co
structura ombines the mem mber in the shape e of scissors.
The jointt that connnects thhe member of scisssors is named a pin-
junction, which iss joined by a flexxible hing ge and thhe pin jooining
section is called a pivot, which exists in thhe centraal portion of a
scissors member intersectt.

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