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D) List and describe five (5) ways damage may be caused by:.................................5
E) Explain three reasons why the risk of damage from natural hazards are
F) Explain how each of the following can lessen the impact of a natural disaster by
G) State the precautionary measures which should be taken in the event of: ...........9
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K-Don Douglas Natural Hazards
I) Natural hazard
A natural hazard is a threat of a naturally occurring event that will have a negative effect on
Human-made hazards are threats having an element of human intent, negligence, and error
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K-Don Douglas Natural Hazards
A natural hazard is a situation where there is a threat to life, health, environment or property
while a natural disaster is an event that completely disrupts the normal ways of a community.
It brings on human, economical, and environmental losses to the community which the
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K-Don Douglas Natural Hazards
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K-Don Douglas Natural Hazards
I) Hurricane:
1) Property damage- roofs, doors and windows can be blown out during and hurricane.
2) Flooding- flooding can cause damage to road infrastructure and flood buildings.
4) landslides- landslide can be caused by consistent rainfall making the soil too saturated.
II) Earthquake:
1) Flooding- Earthquakes an earthquake can break dams or levees along a river. The water
from the river or the reservoir would then flood the area.
2) Fires- These fires can be started by broken gas lines and power lines, or tipped over wood
or coal stoves.
3) Ground displacement-
Ground displacement (ground movement) along a fault. If a structure (a building, road, etc.)
is built across a fault, the ground displacement during an earthquake could seriously damage
4) Collapsing of buildings- buildings can collapse during the intense vibration and shaking
of an earthquake.
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K-Don Douglas Natural Hazards
5) Road displacement- during an earthquake if the road is not on a equal piece of land it can
be destroyed.
1) Lava Flows- Lava flowing from a vent creates enormous amounts of pressure, which can
crush or bury whatever is in its path and whatever survives being burned.
2) Pyroclastic Density Currents- They are extremely hot - up to 400C (750F). The speed
and force of a pyroclastic density current, combined with its heat, mean that these volcanic
phenomena usually destroy anything in their path, either by burning or crushing or both.
Anything caught in a pyroclastic density current would be severely burned and pummelled
by debris.
3) Pyroclastic Falls- Some pyroclastic falls contain toxic chemicals that can be absorbed
into plants and local water supplies, which can be dangerous for both people and livestock.
4) Lahars- Lahars are not as fast or hot as other volcanic hazards, but they are extremely
destructive. They will either bulldoze or bury anything in their path, sometimes in deposits
dozens of feet thick. Whatever cannot get out of a lahar's path will either be swept away or
buried. Lahars can, however, be detected in advance by acoustic (sound) monitors, which
gives people time to reach high ground; they can also sometimes be channelled away from
buildings and people by concrete barriers, although it is impossible to stop them completely.
5) Gases- Volcanic gases are probably the least showy part of a volcanic eruption, but they
can be one of an eruption's most deadly effects. Most of the gas released in an eruption is
water vapour (H2O), and relatively harmless, but volcanoes also produce carbon dioxide etc.
All of these gases can be hazardous even deadly in the right condition.
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K-Don Douglas Natural Hazards
1) Persons are not precautious- some persons do not take hurricane warnings and measures
2) Building codes- Many persons are not using the right building structures and materials to
build houses and other buildings, also some person build their houses too close to the sea or
rivers.
3) Climate change- The Caribbean experiences changes from the effects of climate change.
For example, rising of the sea level, increasing of heat and also flash floods.
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K-Don Douglas Natural Hazards
I) Individuals- Person can protect their houses before a hurricane by using the proper
building codes when constructing their homes. They should also build in a safe
location that is less likely to be affected than coastal areas. Individuals should also
repair parts of the house that needs fixing and can cut down tall trees around their
houses.
II) Government agencies- Government agencies can inform the citizens of a disaster.
They can produce more shelter centres for the poor and they can provide materials for
house owners and also they can educate the public about the effects of a hurricane.
III) Other organisations- Organizations such as Red Cross can ensure that they have
bottled water, clothing and other necessities to ensure that they are comfortable after
the disaster.
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K-Don Douglas Natural Hazards
I) a hurricane-1) Before- cut down all tall trees around your house/ community, repair your
house to resist the impacts of a hurricane and also store can foods and water.
2) During- stay inside your shelters until the impacts of the hurricane are
finish, close all windows and doors and keep a first aid kit close.
3) After- Check your surroundings for damage, make sure your house is in
good condition and also check on relatives and neighbours to see if they are fine.
II) An earthquake- 1) Before- stay indoors and keep family members safe
3) After- check your property for any damage to walls and columns and
also stay away from lamp poles and other overhead buildings.
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K-Don Douglas Natural Hazards
The Agency was established in 1991 as CDERA (Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response
Agency) with primary responsibility for the coordination of emergency response and relief
efforts to Participating States that require such assistance. It transitioned to CDEMA in 2009
to fully embrace the principles and practice of Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM).
(CDM) is an integrated and proactive approach to disaster management and seeks to reduce
the risk and loss associated with natural and technological hazards and the effects of climate
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