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Fallacy Definition Lots of individuals purchased this collection, so it

A fallacy is an erroneous argument dependent upon must be great.


an unsound or illogical contention. There are many fallacy Example #4
examples that we can find in everyday conversations. Association Fallacy
Types of Fallacies Hitler was a veggie lover, in this way, I dont trust
Here are a few well-known kinds of fallacies you vegans.
might experience when making an argument: Example #5
1. Appeal to Ignorance Attacking the Person
Appeal to ignorance happens when one individual utilizes Dont listen to Eddies contentions on instruction,
another individuals lack of information on a specific subject hes a simpleton.
as proof that his or her own particular argument is right. Example #6
2. Appeal to Authority Begging the Question
This sort of error is also known as Argumentum If outsiders didnt take my daily paper, who did?
Verecundia (argument from modesty). Instead of (accept that the daily paper was really stolen).
concentrating on the benefits of an argument, the arguer will Example #7
attempt to append their argument to an individual of power Circular Argument
or authority in an effort to give trustworthiness to their I accept that Frosted Flakes are incredible since it
argument. says as much on the Frosted Flakes bundling.
3. Appeal to Popular Opinion Example #8
This sort of appeal is when somebody asserts that a thought Relationship Implies Causation Fallacy
or conviction is correct since it is the thing that the general I saw a jaybird and ten minutes after the fact, I
population accept. crashed my auto, in this manner, jaybirds are terrible
4. Association Fallacy fortunes.
Sometimes called guilt by affiliation, this happens when Example #9
somebody connects a particular thought or drill to False Dilemma/dichotomy
something or somebody negative so as to infer blame on If you dont vote for this applicant, you must be a
another individual. Communist.
5. Attacking the Person Example #10
Also regarded as Argumentum ad Hominem (argument Illogical Conclusion
against the man), this is a common fallacy used during All Dubliners are from Ireland. Ronan is not a
debates where an individual substitutes a rebuttal with a Dubliner, in this manner, he is not Irish.
personal insult. Example #11
6. Begging the Question Slippery Slope
The conclusion of a contention is accepted in the statement If we permit gay individuals to get hitched, whats
of the inquiry itself. afterward? Permitting individuals to wed their pooches?
7. Circular Argument Example #12
This fallacy is also known as Circulus in Probando. This Syllogism Fallacy
error is committed when an argument takes All crows are black and the bird in my cage is black.
its evidence from an element inside the argument itself So, the bird in my cage is a crow.
instead of from an outside one. Functions of Fallacy
8. Relationship Implies Causation Fallacy Literary critics find the weaknesses of literary pieces
Also called Cum Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc, this fallacy is a by searching for fallacies in the pieces being critiqued.
deception in which the individual making the contention Because of this, there is a tendency for critics to distort the
joins two occasions that happen consecutively and accepts intentions of the writer
that one made the other.
9. False Dilemma/Dichotomy
Sometimes called Bifurcation, this sort of error happens
when somebody presents their argument in such a way that
there are just two conceivable alternatives left.
10. Illogical conclusion
This is a fallacy wherein somebody attests a conclusion that
does not follow from the suggestions.
11. Slippery Slope
The error happens when one contends that an exceptionally
minor movement will unavoidably prompt great and
frequently ludicrous conclusions.
12. Syllogism Fallacy
This fallacy may also be used to form incorrect
conclusions that are odd. Syllogism fallacy is a false
argument as it implies an incorrect conclusion.
Fallacy Examples
To understand the different types of fallacies better,
check out the following examles of fallacy:
Example #1
Appeal to Ignorance
You cant demonstrate that there arent Martians
living in caves on the surface of Mars, so it is sensible for me
to accept there are.
Example #2
Appeal to Authority
Well, Isaac Newton trusted in Alchemy, do you
suppose you know more than Isaac Newton?
Example #3
Appeal Popular Opinion
Dr. Gass HCOM 235 Fallacy Dialogue Extra Credit Correlation Implies Causation Fallacy - Otherwise
Assignment known as Cum Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc, this is a
fallacy in which the person making the argument
Your task is to write a brief script or dialog involving connects two events which happen sequentially
two or more characters. During the course of their and assumes that one caused the other.
conversation the characters must commit a minimum of For example: I saw a magpie and ten minutes later, I
three fallacies in reasoning. The fallacies may include crashed my car, therefore, magpies are bad luck.
any of those covered in class. Either or both characters False Dilemma/Dichotomy - Sometimes referred to
may commit the fallacies. The fallacies must fit the as Bifurcation, this type of fallacy occurs when
narrative flow of the dialogue. You should label each someone presents their argument in such a way
fallacy clearly in parentheses. that there are only two possible options.
For example: If you dont vote for this candidate, you
If you would like to see an excellent example of a story must be a Communist.
in which fallacies are embedded, read Love is a Non Sequitur - A fallacy wherein someone asserts a
Fallacy by Max Shulman. conclusion that does not follow from the
propositions.
This assignment is worth 1-3 points of extra credit, For example: All Dubliners are from Ireland. Ronan is
which will count toward your next exam. Feel free to not a Dubliner, therefore, he is not Irish.
stop by if you need help. Slippery Slope - Assuming that a very small action
will inevitably lead to extreme and often ludicrous
Fallacies are defined as mistakes in belief based on an outcomes.
unsound argument. There are many different types of For example: If we allow gay people to get married,
such mistakes that can occur. whats next? Allowing people to marry their dogs?
As you can see, there are many different types of
Fallacies in Arguments fallacies that you may encounter. Arguing with
someone who uses false logic like this can be a
Here are some examples of fallacies you may encounter
frustrating experience, but now that you know these are
when making an argument:
examples of fallacies, you can identify what they are
Appeal to Ignorance - An appeal to ignorance doing and spot the lapse in logic right away.
occurs when one person uses another persons lack
of knowledge on a particular subject as evidence
that their own argument is correct.
For example: You cant prove that there arent
Martians living in caves under the surface of Mars, so it
is reasonable for me to believe there are.
Appeal to Authority - This type of fallacy is also
referred to as Argumentum ad Verecundia
(argument from modesty). In this case, rather than
focusing on the merits of an argument, the arguer
will try to attach their argument to a person of
authority in an attempt to give credence to their
argument.
For example: Well, Isaac Newton believed in Alchemy,
do you think you know more than Isaac Newton?
Appeal to Popular Opinion - This type of appeal is
when someone claims that an idea or belief is true
simply because it is what most people believe.
For example: Lots of people bought this album, so it
must be good.
Association Fallacy - Sometimes called "guilt by
association," this occurs when someone links a
specific idea or practice with something or
someone negative in order to infer guilt on another
person.
For example: Hitler was a vegetarian, therefore, I dont
trust vegetarians.
Attacking the Person - Also known as
Argumentum ad Hominem (argument against the
man), this is quite a common occurrence in debates
and refers to a person who substitutes a rebuttal
with a personal insult.
For example: Dont listen to Eddies arguments on
education, hes an idiot.
Begging the Question - This type of fallacy is when
the conclusion of an argument is assumed in the
phrasing of the question itself.
For example: If aliens didnt steal my newspaper, who
did? (assume that the newspaper was actually stolen).
Circular Argument - Also referred to as Circulus in
Probando, this fallacy is when an argument takes
its proof from a factor within the argument itself,
rather than from an external one.
For example: I believe that Frosted Flakes are great
because it says so on the Frosted Flakes packaging.

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