MA2020 - Differential Equations-2017

Assignment - 5

1. Show that the Wronskian of the functions J (x) and J (x) is given by
2 sin
W (J , J )(x) =
x
where is not an integer.
Hint: Use Abels formula and look at the limit limx0+ xW (J (x), J (x)).

2. Show that
r
2
(i) J1/2 (x) = sin x
x
r
2
(ii) J1/2 (x) = cos x
x
sin 2x
(iii) J1/2 (x)J1/2 (x) =
x
2 2 2
(iv) J1/2 (x) + J1/2 (x) =
x
Hint: Use the definition of J for (i)-(ii)

3. Using the generating function, prove that Jn (x) = (1)n Jn (x), n is an integer.

4. Use generating function to prove that Jn (x) = (1)n Jn (x), where n is an integer.

5. Show that
  
x 1 X
exp t = J0 (x) + Jn (x)[tn + (1)n tn ], t 6= 0
2 t n=1

x 1


6. Let w(x, t) = exp 2
t t
.
(a) Show that w(x + y, t) = w(x, t)w(y, t)
(b) Show that Jn (x + y) =
P
k= Jk (x)Jnk (y)

(c) Show that J0 (2x) = [J0 (x)]2 + 2 k 2

P
k=1 (1) [Jk (x)] .

7. Use generating function to prove that

X
2
1 = [J0 (x)] + 2 [Jn (x)]2 .
n=1

1

Hence deduce that |J0 (x)| 1 and |Jn (x)| 1/ 2, n = 1, 2, 3, .
Hint: Use the product w(x, t)w(x, t).

8. Show that the substitution u = 2 exp(x/2) will transform the differential equation
d y 2
dy
y 00 + (exp(x) m2 )y = 0 into the Bessel equation u2 du 2 2
2 + u du + (u 4m )y = 0

and hence write the general solution for the given differential equation.

9. Use the transformation u(x) = x1/2 y(x) to transform the ordinary differential equa-
 2

tion u00 + 1 + 14k
4x2
u = 0, k real, to the Bessel equation x2 y 00 +xy 0 +(x2 k 2 )y = 0
and thus write the general solution for the given differential equation.

10. Use the trasnsformation u = x1/2 y(z), z = x2 /2 to reduce the differential equation
u00 + x2 u = 0 to the Bessel equation of order 1/4 and thus write the general solution
of the given differential equation.

11. Many differential equations are really Bessels equation in disguised form and are
therefore solvable by means of Bessel functions. Let Bessels equation may be written
as
d2 w dw
z2
+ z + (z 2 p2 )w = 0
dz 2 dz
and show that the change of variables defined by z = axb and w = yxc (a, b, c are
constants) transforms it into
d2 y dy
x2 + (2c + 1)x + [a2 b2 x2b + (c2 p2 b2 )]y = 0
dx2 dx
Write the general solution of this differential equation in terms of Bessel functions.

12. Show that the general solution of y 00 + xy = 0 is

y = x1/2 [c1 J1/3 (2x3/2 /3) + c2 J1/3 (2x3/2 /3)]

13. Show that the general solution of

dy
= x2 + y 2
dx
can be written as
J3/4 (x2 /2) + cJ3/4 (x2 /2)
y=x
cJ1/4 (x2 /2) J1/4 (x2 /2)

2
 Hint: The transformation y(x) = u0 (x)/u(x) transforms the given differential
equation to the second order differential equation u00 (x) + x2 u(x) = 0. Now use the
result of Problem 10.

14. Show that

J1 (x) 2 1
= 2+2
J (x) x x
2+41
x

Deduce that
1
tan x = 1 1
x
3
51
x
x

Hint: Use the recurrence formula

J1 (x) 2 1
= J (x)
J (x) x
J+1 (x)

repeatedly.

15. Show that

1
(i)J000 (x) = (J2 (x) J0 (x))
2
1
(ii)J100 (x) = J1 (x) + J2 (x)
x

16. Prove that, using the recurrence relations,

d  2  x  2 2

(i) Jn (x) = Jn1 (x) Jn+1 (x)
dx 2n  
d  2 2
 n 2 n+1 2
(ii) J (x) + Jn+1 (x) = 2 Jn (x) Jn+1 (x)
dx n x x

17. Express J4 (x) in terms of J0 (x) and J1 (x)

2
Hint : Use the recurrence formula J+1 (x) = x
J (x) J1 (x)

18. Show that Z r

r
xJ0 (ax)dx = J1 (ar)
0 a
d
Hint: Use the recurrence formula dx
[x J (x)] = x J1 (x)

3
19. Show that
r  
2 sin x
(i) J3/2 (x) = cos x
x x
r
2  cos x 
(ii) J3/2 (x) = + sin x
x x
2
Hint: Use the recurrence relation J+1 (x) = x
J (x) J1 (x) with = 1/2, 1/2
and the results of problem 2(i)-(ii)

20. Prove that

x2 J00 = ( 2 x2 )J (x) + xJ+1 (x)

Hint: Use the fact that J satisfies the Bessels differential equation of order and
the recurrence formula J0 (x) = x J (x) J+1 (x).

21. Expand f (x) = x2 , 0 < x < 1, in the series

X
f (x) = Ak J0 (k x),
k=1

where k denotes the k th positive zero of J0 ()

Ans:
2(2k 4)
Ak = , k = 1, 2, 3,
3k J1 (k )
22. Expand f (x) = x, 0 < x < 1 in its Fourier - Bessel series in the form

X
f (x) = Ak J1 (k x)
k=1

where k denotes the kth zero of J1 ().

Ans:
2
Ak = , k = 1, 2, 3, .
k J2 (k )
23. Let , are positive zeroes of J , 0. Prove that
RL x
(i) 0 xJ x



L
J L
dx = 0, 6=
RL 2
(ii) 0 xJ 2 x dx = L2 J+1

2
L
(), =

The End