1803 Vocabulary Terms

These terms are in no particular order; however all must be defined as a part of the set-exercises assessment task.

Term Definition
2D Shape A shape with only two dimensions such as width
1 and height and no thickness.
3D Shape 3D shape Has three dimensions. In a world with
three dimensions, you can travel forwards,
2 backwards, right, left, and even up and down.
5E Model The 5 E's is an instructional model based on the
constructivist approach to learning. Each of the 5
E's describes a phase of learning, and each phase
3 begins with the letter "E".
accommodation alteration of an environment, curriculum format, or
equipment that allows the students with
4 disabilities to pursue a regular course of study.
assimilation a term referring to a part of the adaptation
process. Through assimilation, we take in new
information or experiences and incorporate them
5 into our existing ideas.
cardinality the number of elements in a set or other grouping,
6 as a property of that grouping.
centration the tendency to focus on one salient aspect of a
situation and neglect other, possibly relevant
7 aspects.
Classification (Science process skill) Classification is the method used by scientists to
group the living organisms. All species have a
different classification that appears in a binomial
8 name. for example Vertebrates
Cognitive constructivism Students must build their knowledge not take the
information directly.
9 and this Knowledge is built through experience.
communicating (Science process skill) When two or more scientists share their ideas and
information. Graphing and mapping can be used to
10 communicate.
concept an abstract idea, and its the foundation of
11 developing knowledge.
conceptual subitizing Conceptual subitizing means recognizing a number
pattern without counting as a composite of parts
12 and as a whole.
conclusion (Scientific method) its the last step in the science activity to see the
results and decide if the theory is rejected or
13 accepted.
Concrete operational stage is the third Piaget's theory of cognitive
development, it starts at the age of 7 11 years
old. Its a period spans the time of middle childhood
and characterized by the development of logical
thought. The kids at this stage become more logical
about concrete and specific things, but they
14 struggle with abstract ideas.

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 1803 Vocabulary Terms

concrete pictorial abstract learning progression is a three-step instructional approach to Teach the
math concept using manipulatives, so it Makes
15 learning math accessible to all learners.
conservation it is when the object remains constant in a system
16 which is not subject to external influence.
Constructivist method Constructivist teaching is based on the learners are
actively involved in a method of meaning
construction as opposed to passively getting the
17 information.
controlling variables (More complex science process skill) the control variable is the tool that is kept the same
during the experiment, and it is not of fundamental
18 concern in the experimental result.
data The facts and information that is collected through
19 the experiment.
disequilibrium It occurs when the student finds out that he
doesn't
know or get the information that he thought he
understood before so that will lend to make him
20 unbalanced
equilibrium When a child's existing schemas can explain what it
can perceive around it, it is said to be in a state of
21 equilibrium
estimation a guess of the number, value, or amount of
22 something.
Formal Operations Stage This stage begins at around age 11 and continues
into adulthood. at this time, people improve the
ability to think about abstract concepts, and Skills
like deductive reasoning, logical thought, and
23 systematic planning also emerge through this stage
hypothesis (Scientific method) In science, a hypothesis is a thought or explanation
or a guess that you test during the study and
24 experimentation.
hypothesizing (More complex science process skill) Statements about the relationship between two
25 variables.
inferring (science process skill) Making conclusion and generalization.
26
informal experience is learning that is not formal learning, for example,
learning by themselves (inquiry) or learning from
27 an experience with some adult help.
inquiry-based learning (IBL) Inquiry-based learning is a type of active learning
that begins with posing questions, issues or cases,
so the students will search for the answer rather
than just getting the fact simply from the teacher
without an effort. A facilitator often assists this
28 process.
learning cycle It is a form of directions based on scientific inquiry.
This model supports students to improve their
29 knowledge of a scientific concept, explore and

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 1803 Vocabulary Terms

increase that understanding, and then use the

concept to new situations.
logical grouping Creating groups and sorting the common shared
factors of the
30 data
31 measuring Quantify observation using numbers, time, size
measuring (science process skill) measurement is the estimate of ratios of numbers
32 to collect data.
more knowledgeable other it applies to the person who has a greater
knowledge or a bigger ability level than the
33 student, for a special task, concept, or method.
naturalistic experience it is the learning through life experience and
activities, and it happens to the person without
34 others help.
observing (science process skill) the student get the information through using their
35 since.
one to one correspondence Its a math concept where a child do Match one
object to one other object. It can practice in all
36 sorts of different contexts.
perceptual subitizing Subitizing is a way of instantly counting. Infancy
math terms, it would be getting to the cardinal
number of a set (how many) without counting each
one's position. Perceptual sees the number of
37 objects immediately.
predicting (science process skill) It is an educated guess about what might occur in
the future, based on observations that you make of
38 an event.
pre-operational stage The pre-operational stage starts when the child
starts to learn to speak at age 2-7 years old. During
the Pre-operational Stage of cognitive
development, children in this stage do not yet
understand concrete logic and cannot mentally
39 manipulate information.
Principles of School Mathematics The elemental foundations that guide the students
40 to get a great level of math understanding.
process skill Using elemental mathematical principles like
measuring,
41 counting, and comparing to the science.
rational counting Rational counting relates to the children ability to
assign a number to the things they are counting. As
they count a set of objects, the children must
understand that the last number is equal to the
42 total number of items in the set.
reversibility It is a part of the concrete operational stage; it
means the knowledge that numbers and things can
change and then return to their first state, for
43 example counting from 10-1.
rote counting Rote counting is the most straightforward number
44 concept that children improve, and it simply

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 1803 Vocabulary Terms

consists of counting numbers sequentially.

Counting by rote is a skill that comes quite
naturally to most children, as it doesn't need direct
instruction to learn the skills needed to count.
scaffolding Scaffolding is a process within which a teacher
gives to support the students to improve learning
and help in the mastery of tasks. The teacher does
this by orderly building on students' skills and
45 knowledge as they are learning new skills.
science process skill science process skills: classifying, measuring,
communicating inferring, and predicting. The
simplest observations, made using only the senses,
46 are qualitative observations.
scientific method a method of the system that has defined natural
science, consisting of regular observation, and
experiment, and the formulation, and
measurement testing, and modification of
47 hypotheses.
Sensory motor stage The Sensory-motor stage is the first stage of Piaget
stages.
Uses to define cognitive development. Piaget
named the first two years of an infants life as the
sensorimotor stage. in this period; infants are busy
exploring relationships between their bodies and
48 the environment.
seriation Seriation is arranging and organizing the objects in
order by size, location or position. For example
asking the children to arrange objects from
smallest to largest, largest to smallest, shortest to
49 tallest or thinnest to thickest?
social constructivism The level of possible growth is the level at which
learning needs a place. It includes cognitive
structures that are still in the method of
developing, but which can only mature following
50 the direction of or in collaboration with others.
Sorting Arrange different things orderly in groups; separate
according to type. For example, arranging the
51 animals to pets and wild.
spatial awareness Spatial awareness is being conscious of oneself in
space. It is an accepted information of things about
oneself in that given space. It involves
understanding the relationship of these objects
52 when there is a change of position.
Standards for School Mathematics It is the plans that the students need to complete
the needed mathematical knowledge at a certain
53 grade.
structured experience It means experiential, supervised, in-depth.
Learning experiences that are planned to offer
students the opportunity to more fully to Explore
54 the valuable content of the subject.
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 1803 Vocabulary Terms

student- directed inquiry It is Engaging the learners to develop their style of

55 Experimenting by themselves.
teachable moment A teachable moment is an unplanned occasion that
occurs in the classroom where a lecturer has a
perfect chance to offer insight to his students. A
teachable moment is not something that you can
56 prepare for.
teacher- directed inquiry the Teacher starts with asking the guiding question
57 and leads the students while experimenting.
testable question A testable question is one of the questions that can
be answered by producing and conducting an
experiment using The Scientific Method. Testable
questions are always about changing one object to
58 see what the result is on another thing.
volume the amount of space that a thing or object holds or
59 that is enclosed within a case.
zone of proximal development The zone of proximal development, usually
shortened as ZPD, is the distinction between
something a student can do without help and what
60 he cannot do.

Name & ID: Amna Matar H00354331