A T T MA T B SA LUN (S.

Abhidharmavibhasa-sastra)

i t-b-sa lun trnh by quan im chnh thc ca Thuyt nht thit hu b v l tc phm
c hon tt cui cng trong by tc phm ca Lun tng (sa. abhidharmapiaka, xem A-t-t-
ma). Mt s tc phm khc cn c nhc ti l A-t-m tm lun (sa. abhidharma-hdaya), l
b lun trung tm ca A-t-t-ma vi mi chng. T-b-sa lun ca Ca-chin-din t cng vit
tng qut v gio l b ny.

Gio php ca Thuyt nht thit hu b c tnh a nguyn, xut pht t s ph nhn ci ng (V
ng), mt tnh cht c nhn hoc linh hn v tha nhn nhng n v lun chuyn theo thi gian,
c gi l php. B ny cho rng c 75 php, v cho l nhng n v cui cng, khng th
chia ct (tng t khi nim "nguyn t" ca u Chu thi thng c) u hin hu ng thi.
Ch cc php ny l "c tht." H phn bit cc php tu thuc, Hu vi (sa. saskta) v cc php
c lp, V vi (sa. asaskta).

Cc php c lp l H khng (sa. ka), Nit-bn v tr (sa. apratihita-nirva) v Nit-bn

thng tr (sa. pratihita-nirva).

Cc php hu vi c chia lm bn nhm: Sc php (sa. rpadharma), Tm (Thc) php (sa.

citta, vijna), cc hot ng ca nhng Tm s hu php (sa. cetasikadharma) v Tm bt
tng ng hnh php (sa. cittaviprayuktasaskra)cc php khng thuc tm khng thuc vt
nh gi, cht, V thng...

Cc php hu vi nytheo quan im ca Thuyt nht thit hu bkhng phi t u sinh ra

m lun lun c, ch i t trng thi tim tng qua hin hu. V quan im ny m Thuyt
nht thit hu b c tn "Nht thit hu", ngha l qu kh v lai u c cha trong mt "php"
duy nht. Trong Thuyt nht thit hu b, ngi ta cng khm ph vi yu t nguyn thu ca i
tha, nh quan im Tam thn (sa. trikya) v nim tin ni B Tt Di-lc, v Pht tng lai

B Lun gm 200 quyn gi tt l i T B Sa Lun. Huyn Trang i nh ng dch. Ni

dung b lun gii thch cun Pht tr lun ca Lun s Hu B ni ting Ca din ni t
(Katyayanitra). Pht tr lun l b lun cn bn ca Nht thit hu b (Sarvastivada).

T B Sa: Phn ng l Vibhs, dch l Gii thch rng, thuyt minh rng. i T B Sa: Tc s
gii thch qung din y l v cng chi tit, v cng rng khp. Hc gi Kimura Taiken, trong
sch Tiu Tha Pht Gio T Tng Lun I gi l Ch mn phn bit ngha l ng trn
nhiu lp trng khc nhau lun cu v tnh cht ca vn php (Sd, Thch Qung dch.
Tu Th i Hc Vn Hnh xb, S, 1970, trang 21 51)

* Bn 1 (Dch trc): Do hai i s Ph Bt Ma (Budhavarman, th k 5 TL) v o Thi (Th

k 5 TL) Hn dch, vo khong nm 437 439 TL i Bc Lng (397-439), mang tn Lun A T
m T B Sa, gm 100 quyn (Hoc 110 quyn), do binh la nn hin ch cn 60 quyn u
(TK/CTT, Tp 28, N0 1546, trang 1 - 414C).

* Bn 2 (Dch sau): Hn dch l Php s Huyn Trng (602-664) mang tn Lun A T t Ma i

T B Sa, gm 200 quyn (TK/CTT, Tp 27, N0 1545, trang 1 1004A).

Lun A T t Ma i T B Sa ny, ngoi tr chng M u (Quyn 1) ghi nhn mt s vn

tng qut c tnh dn nhp (Tc gi Lun bn. Phng thc to lun. c im ca ba Tng,
lm r v Tng A T t Ma. Nu tm tt v Lun A T t Ma Pht Tr), phn cn li, tc t
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quyn th 2 n quyn th 200, l cn c theo th lp ni ni dung ca Lun gc (Lun A T t
Ma Pht Tr) gm 8 un, 44 phm ch gii, bn rng.

8 un vi 44 phm ni Lun gc l: (1) Tp Un: Gm 8 phm: Php Th Nht. Tr. B c

Gi La. i Knh. Khng H. Tng. V Ngha. T.

(2) Kit Un: Gm 4 phm: Bt Thin. Nht Hnh. Hu Tnh. Mi Mn.

(3) Tr Un: Gm 5 phm: Hc Chi. Nm Chng. Tha Tm Tr. Tu Tr. By Thnh.

(4) Nghip Un: Gm 5 phm: c Hnh. T Ng. Hi Sinh. Biu V Biu. T Nghip.

(5) i Chng Un: Gm 4 phm: i To. Duyn. Thy Bit . Chp Th.

(6) Cn Un: Gm 7 phm: Cn. Hu. Xc. ng Tm. Nht Tm. Ng. Nhn Duyn.

(7) nh Un: Gm 5 phm: c. Duyn. Gm Thu. Bt Hon. Nht Hnh.

(8) Kin Un: Gm 6 phm: Nim Tr. Ba Hu. Tng. Tr. Kin. Gi Tha. (Ch ch gii qung
din 43 phm. Khng ch gii phm sau cng l phm Gi Tha (K) v cho l ngha hin by,
d lnh hi).

Khng ch ch gii ht sc chi tit, qung din ht sc bao qut, Lun A T t Ma i T B Sa

cn dnh nhiu cng sc nu dn, bin chnh, ph v kh nhiu lun im phn ln l
thuc lnh vc nhn thc ca cc Hc phi thuc Ni o, cng mt s lun im sai tri ca
Ngoi o. Tt nhin, nhng bin chnh y u theo quan im ca Hu B. V nh th l
Lun ny vt qu ni dung ca Lun Thch, tr thnh mt B Lun tng hp mang tnh tp
i thnh cho gio l ca Pht gio B phi n din tin qua hng my th k.

Tm tt v ni dung ca Un th 2 (Kit Un) ngi c thy c phn no tnh cht

i T B Sa (*) ca Lun.

Chng Kit Un ny tuy ch c 4 phm, l mt trong 2 chng c s phm t nht, nhng li l

chng c bin gii qung din c s lng quyn nhiu nht (T quyn 46 n quyn 92 =
47 quyn. Trong y, phm 4: Bn V Mi Mn, gm n 22 phn = 22 quyn, l phm di nht
ca Lun).

Phm 1: Bn V Bt Thin: Phn lm 10 phn (T quyn 46 n quyn 55): Ln lt bin gii v:

* V sao 5 kit v 98 ty min (Bn dch trc dch l S) khng do Kh kinh ni nhng vn c
nu dn qung din?

* Bin gii v ba kit (Kit hu thn kin. Kit gii cm th. Kit nghi). * Ba cn bt thin (Cn bt
thin tham, sn, si). * Ba lu (Dc lu. Hu lu. V minh lu).

* Bn bc lu (Bc lu dc. Bc lu hu. Bc lu kin. Bc lu v minh). * Bn ch (ch dc.

ch hu. ch kin. ch v minh). S sai bit gia bc lu v ch. * Bn th (Dc th. Kin th.
Gii cm th. Ng ng th). * Bn s tri buc thn (Tri buc thn do tham, do sn, do gii cm
th, do chp cho y l tht).

* Nm ci (Tham dc. Gin d. Hn trm thy min. Tro c tc. Nghi). * Nm kit (Kit
tham. Sn. Mn. Tt: Ganh ght. Xan: Keo kit).

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* Nm kit thun phn di (Tham dc. Gin d. Hu thn kin. Gii cm th. Nghi). * Nm kit
thun phn trn (Sc tham. V sc tham. Tro c. Mn. V minh).

* Nm kin (Hu thn kin. Bin chp kin. T kin. Kin th. Gii cm th). * By ty min (Dc
tham. Gin d. Hu tham. Mn. V minh. Kin. Nghi). * Chn kit (i. Sn. Mn. V minh. Kin.
Th. Nghi. Tt. Xan).

* 98 ty min: Cn c theo hnh tng, ci, b c khc nhau nn t by ty min lp thnh 98

ty min (Ci Dc: 36. Ci Sc: 31. Ci V sc: 31).

* Ba kit cho n 98 ty min: Bao nhiu th l bt thin? V k? Bao nhiu th l c d thc (Qu
bo), khng c d thc? Bao nhiu th do kin o on, do tu o on? Bao nhiu th do kin
kh on? Cho n bao nhiu th do tu o on? Bao nhiu th l kin, khng phi l kin?
Bao nhiu th c tm c t, khng tm ch c t, khng tm khng t? Bao nhiu th tng ng
vi lc cn, kh cn, u cn, h cn, x cn? Bao nhiu th thuc ci Dc, thuc ci Sc, thuc
ci V sc?...

* Bin gii v nm loi B-c-gi-la (Ty tn hnh. Ty php hnh. Tn thng gii. Kin ch. Thn
chng). * Th no l B-c-gi-la tu gii thot, cu gii thot?

* Hu thn kin cng vi hu thn kin lm bao nhiu duyn? Hu thn kin cng vi gii cm
th, cho n ty min v minh ca ci V sc do tu o on lm bao nhiu duyn?...

Phm 2: Bn V Nht Hnh: Phn lm 8 phn (T quyn 56 n hn quyn 63): Ln lt bin

gii v: * Nu dn nm th s vic. * Nu i vi s vic ny c kit i tri buc th cng c kit
gin tri buc chng? * Nu i vi s vic ny c kit i tri buc th cng c kit mn tri buc
chng? * Nu i vi s vic ny c kit i tri buc th cng c kit v minh tri buc chng? *
Nu i vi s vic ny c kit i tri buc th cng c kit kin tri buc chng? * Nu i vi s
vic ny c kit i tri buc th cng c kit th tri buc chng? * Nu i vi s vic ny c kit
i tri buc th cng c kit tt tri buc chng? * i vi tm kit cn li trong chn kit, ty theo
s lin h ca chng, cng nu ln cc cu hi nh trc bin gii.

* Li bin v kit i ni ba i tri buc, lin h vi cc th kit kia, cng trong ba i tri
buc.

* Ba kit cho n 98 ty min, trong 98 ty min, mi mi kit gm thu bao nhiu ty min? *
Ba kit cho n 98 ty min: L trc gm thu sau hay sau gm thu trc? * Ba kit cho n
98 ty min, c bao nhiu th khin cho dc hu ni tip nhau? Bao nhiu th khin cho sc hu,
v sc hu cng ni tip?

* Nu dn v by hu. Bin gii v hu.

* Ba kit cho n 98 ty min da vo nh no dit? Cc kit qu kh v lai hin ti: Cc kit y

l tri buc, s tri buc v hin ang tri buc chng?

* V phin no hin tin nn thoi chuyn, hay v thoi chuyn ri phin no mi hin tin? * C
ba th thoi chuyn ( c thoi chuyn. Cha c thoi chuyn. Th dng thoi chuyn). *
ni x no c thoi chuyn?

* Bin gii v su hng A la hn (Php thoi. Php t. Php h. Php tr. Php gng t. Php
bt ng). * Bin gii v chn th nhn bit khp. * Chn th nhn bit khp nh th, nhng v no
t c, t c bao nhiu?
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* Nu dn, bin gii v tm loi B c gi la (Hng qu D lu. Hng qu Nht lai.
Hng qu Bt hon. Hng qu A la hn). * Tm B c gi la ny i vi chn th nhn
bit khp, c bao nhiu th thnh tu, khng thnh tu?

Phm 3: Bn V Hu Tnh: Phn lm 8 phn (T non quyn 63 n quyn 70): Ln lt nu

dn, bin gii v: * Ba ci, mi ci u c hai b kit: L kit do kin o on v kit do tu o
on. * i vi hai b kit ni ci Dc, hai b kit ni ci Sc, ci V sc: Tng c b tri buc tc
khc chng? Tng c la tri buc tc khc chng? Tng c b tri buc dn chng? Tng c la
tri buc dn chng?

* Phm phu, Thnh gi, theo thi gian la nhim ni chn phm, c bao nhiu o v gin, o
gii thot nn c la?

* Sinh ni ci Dc: Thnh gi c ba s mng chung: Hon ton la nhim. Hon ton thoi
chuyn. La nhim tng phn. Phm phu ch c hai: Khng c la nhim tng phn m mng
chung. Sinh ni ci Sc, ci V sc: Thnh gi c hai s mng chung: Hon ton la nhim v la
nhim tng phn. Phm phu ch c mt s: Hon ton la nhim m mng chung.

* Khi la nhim ca ci Dc th chn o v gin, chn o gii thot u duyn ni a no? Trong
o v gin, o gii thot ca th tc, ni mi mi o c th tu bao nhiu th hnh tng.

* Kit ca ci Dc do kin o on tr ht l thuc v qu no? Kit ca ci Dc do tu o on

tr ht l thuc v qu no? * Kit ca ci Sc, ci V sc do kin o on tr ht, do tu o
on tr ht, l thuc v qu no?

* C nm b kit: L kit do kin kh on, cho n kit do tu o on: Cc kit do kin kh,
kin tp, kin dit, kin o cng tu o on tr ht l thuc v qu no?

* C chn b kit: L kit do kh php tr on, cho n kit do tu o on: Cc kit do kh php
tr, kh loi tr, tp php tr, tp loi tr, dit php tr, dit loi tr, o php tr, o loi tr cng tu
o on tr ht l thuc v qu no?

* C mi lm b kit: Tc ba ci, mi ci c nm b, l kit do kin kh on cho n kit do tu

o on: Kit ca ci Dc do kin kh, kin tp, kin dit, kin o cng tu o on tr ht l
thuc v qu no? Kit ca hai ci Sc, V sc do kin kh tp dit o cng tu o on tr ht
l thuc v qu no?

* Ba kit cho n 98 ty min, mi mi th on dt ht l thuc v qu no?

* Cc kit trong hng D lu qu D lu, hng Nht lai qu Nht lai, hng Bt hon
qu Bt hon, hng A la hn qu A la hn c on dt ht l thuc v qu no?

* Nu dn v bin gii v bn qu Sa-mn.

* Cc ngi D lu, Nht lai, Bt hon thnh tu php hc th cc php y l thuc v qu D

lu, Nht lai, Bt hon chng? Cc A la hn thnh tu php v hc th php y thuc v qu A
la hn chng?

* Cc v D lu, Nht lai, Bt hon, A la hn thnh tu php v lu th cc php v lu y l thuc

v bn qu kia chng?

* Cc php do v D lu, Nht lai, Bt hon, A la hn thnh tu th cc php y gm thu

bn qu kia chng?
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* Nu dn v bin gii v tn thng gii luyn cn to kin ch.

* Cc ngi sng cht ci Dc, ci Sc, ci V sc u th nhn dc hu, sc hu, v sc

hu chng? Tc l bn v sinh hu, t hu, trung hu ni ba ci.

* Phm phu, Thnh gi ni ci Dc, ci Sc, ci V sc: C bao nhiu ty min ty tng? Bao
nhiu kit tri buc.

* Nu dn v bin v Trung hu (Trung m): Cc thuyt tha nhn c trung hu. Tr phn v
trung hu tri qua bao nhiu thi gian? Hnh lng ca trung hu. Cc cn ca thn trung hu.
Hnh tng ca trung hu ni cc no? Nhng tn gi ca trung hu (Trung hu. Kin t
phc. Cu hu. thnh). Trung hu vo thai m x no?...

Phm 4: Bn V Mi Mn: Phn lm 22 phn (T quyn 71 n quyn 92): Ln lt nu dn

bin gii v: * Ni v hai mi hai cn. * Bin gii v mi tm gii (Bin gii chung. Gii thch
tng gii).

* Bin v nhp nh thun nghch. V qu ca nh ni nhp nh. V mng chung, th sinh.

* Su thc thn: Bao nhiu th c phn bit, khng phn bit.

* Hi - p v s thnh tu cc gii c tng quan: Hnh gi thnh tu nhn gii th cng thnh
tu sc gii chng? Hnh gi thnh tu nhn gii th cng thnh tu nhn thc gii chng? Hnh
gi thnh tu sc gii th cng thnh tu nhn thc gii chng?...

* Bin gii v mi hai x: Gii thch chung. Gii thch tng x. V sao phi kin lp ni x, ngoi
x?

* Bin v nm un: Gii thch tng un. Bin gii chung. Th lp ca nm un.

* Ni v nm th un cng c. * Bin v nm th un.

* Bin v su gii (a, thy, ha, phong, khng, thc).

* Ni v hai php: C sc khng sc. C thy - khng thy. C i khng i. Php hu lu -

v lu. Php hu vi v vi.

* Ni v ba php: Qu kh, v lai, hin ti.

* Nu dn, bin gii v bn lun im ca bn v i Lun s thuc Hu B (Php Cu. Diu m.

Th Hu. Gic Thin), gii thch v ba i c khc nhau.

* Ni v ba php: Thin, bt thin, v k. * Ba php: Thuc ci Dc, thuc ci Sc, thuc ci V

sc. * Ba php: Hc, v hc, phi hc phi v hc. * Ba php: Do kin o on, do tu o on,
khng on.

* Bin v bn . Hai (Th tc, Thng ngha).

* Nu dn, bin gii v mi su hnh tng khi hin khi duyn ni bn Thnh .

* Bin gii v bn tnh l. * Mi tm chi ni bn tnh l. * Bn th thin o. * Nhng c im

ca bn tnh l.

* Bin v bn v lng. * Ni v ba th s vic phc nghip. * c im ca nh t khi tu tp

an tr.
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* Bin gii v bi v i bi. * Bin gii v bn v sc. * Tm gii thot. * Tm thng x. * Mi bin
x.

* Nhn cn cho n ty min v minh ca ci V sc do tu o on tr, i vi 98 ty min,

trong y ni mi mi th kia c bao nhiu th ty min ty tng?

* Nhn cn cho n ty min v minh ca ci V sc do tu o on, duyn ni thc cng duyn

ni thc duyn, i vi 98 ty min, mi mi th kia c bao nhiu ty min ty tng?

* Nhn cn cho n ty min v minh ca ci V sc do tu o on tr, mi mi th ty min

ty tng, nn ni l c tm c t, hay khng tm ch c t, hoc khng tm khng t?

* Nhn cn cho n ty min v minh ca ci V sc do tu o on tr, khi mi mi th u

c nhn bit khp th trong s 98 ty min, c bao nhiu th ty min c nhn bit khp, v
trong chn kit, c bao nhiu kit dt ht?

* Nhn cn cho n ty min v minh ca ci V sc do tu o on tr, mi mi th khi dit tc

chng th trong s 98 ty min, c bao nhiu th ty min dit tc chng v trong chn kit c bao
nhiu kit c dt ht?...

* Nhn cn cho n ty min v minh ni ci V sc do tu o on tr dit, duyn ni thc v

duyn ni thc duyn, trong 98 ty min, mi mi th kia c bao nhiu ty min ty tng?

* Nhn cn cho n ty min v minh ni ci V sc do tu o on tr, khi duyn ni thc v

duyn ni thc duyn, trong mi lm b tm ca ba ci, mi mi cng khng gin on sinh
ra bao nhiu tm?

* Nhn cn cho n ty min v minh ni ci V sc do tu o on tr dit, khi duyn ni

thc v duyn ni thc duyn, mi mi cng khng gin on sinh ra bao nhiu tm?

* Nhn cn cho n ty min v minh ni ci V sc do tu o on tr dit, duyn ni thc v

duyn ni thc duyn, c ty min tng, nn ni l c tm c t, khng tm ch c t hay
khng tm khng t?

* Nhn cn cho n ty min v minh ni ci V sc do tu o on tr, duyn ni thc v duyn

ni thc duyn, nn ni l tng ng vi lc cn, kh cn, h cn, u cn, x cn chng?

* Nhn cn cho n ty min v minh ca ci V sc do tu o on tr, duyn ni thc v duyn

ni thc duyn, khi c nhn bit khp, th trong 98 ty min c bao nhiu ty min c
nhn bit khp, trong chn kit c bao nhiu kit dt ht?...

Ni chung, ni cc chng (Un) cn li, ty theo cc chi tit chnh cng lin h ni ni dung,
thy u c gii thch qung din ht sc bao qut nh th. Ngoi ra, mt s vn phi ni l
rt ng ch cng c lun cp n nh: * Ni v nhn vt i Thin cng 5 s vic ca
i Thin.

* Ni v B tt v cao v th ca hnh B tt.

* Ni nhiu v tm, tm s, v tnh cht vng ca tm (Tm vng), tnh cht i a ca tm

(Tm a), ni v A li da.