MODERN COMPUTING LAB Manual

School of electrical and Communication

Electrical and Electronics Engineering
VII th Semester

List of Experiments
1. Basic arithmetic and boolean operation using Labview software.

2. Design of core type transformer using MagNet software

3. Design of shell type transformer using MagNet software

4. Design and analysis of VR Stepper motor using FEA software

5. Design and analysis of BLDC Motor

6. Design and analysis of Outer rotor Generator

7. Design and analysis of cylindrical stator Generator

8. Simulation of three phase VSI (120 DEGREE)

9. Simulation of three phase VSI (120 DEGREE)

10.Image Acquisition using matlab software

Exp No. 1.a: BASIC ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS

Aim:
To perform basic arithmetic operations using Labview.
Procedure:
Step 1: Start the Lab view and select the blank VI.
Step 2: Create front and block diagram panel.
Step 3: Numeric controls are given as inputs and numeric indicators are given as output they are
selected by right clicking on the front panel.
Step 4: Different arithmetic operators such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
are generated in block diagram panel.
Step 5: Using wiring operation inputs and outputs are connected to the respective operators in the
block diagram panel.
Step 6: Input values are given in the front panel and the program is executed. Hence the output is
generated.

Block Diagram Panel:

Front Panel:
Input:

Output:

Result:
Thus the arithmetic operations were performed and the result is verified using lab view.
Exp No: 1.b BOOLEAN OPERATIONS

Aim:
To perform Boolean operations using Labview.
Procedure:
Step 1: Start the Labview and select the blank VI.
Step 2: Create front and block diagram panel.
Step 3: To perform Boolean operation push buttons are taken as inputs and round LED as output.
Step 4: Different Boolean operations such as AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND are selected from
the block diagram panel.
Step 5: Boolean inputs and outputs are wired in the block diagram panel.
Step 6: Logic values 0 & 1 are given in the front panel and the program is executed.
Block diagram:
Front Panel:
Input:

Output:

Truth Table:
AND:
X1 X2 Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
OR:
X1 X2 Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

XOR:
X1 X2 Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

NAND:
X1 X2 Y
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
NOT:
X Y
0 1
1 0

RESULT:
Thus the Boolean operation using LAB view is performed.
Exp No: 2.a SUM OF n NUMBERS USING FOR LOOP

Aim:
To find the sum of n numbers using FOR loop.
Procedure:
Step 1: Create blank VI.
Step 2: Right click on the block diagram panel, select program , go to structures and select a
FOR loop.
Step 3: Right click on the border of the FOR loop and select add shift register, borders are
converted into shift register.
Step 4: Using wiring operations required connections are given in the block diagram.
Step 5: Inputs are given in the front panel and the program is executed.
Block diagram:

Front Panel:
Input:
 Output:

Result:
Thus the sum of n natural numbers using FOR loop is performed in LABview.
Exp No:2.b FACTORIAL OF A GIVE NUMBER USING FOR LOOP

Aim:
To perform the factorial of a given number using FOR loop.
Procedure:
Step 1: Create blank VI.
Step 2: Right click on the block diagram panel , select program , go to structures and select a
FOR loop.
Step 3: Right click on the border of the FOR loop and select add shift register, borders are
converted into shift register.
Step 4: Using wiring operations required connections are given in the block diagram.
Step 5: Inputs are given in the front panel and the program is executed.

Block diagram panel:

Front Panel:
Input:

Output:

Result:
Thus the factorial of a given number is using FOR loop is performed in LAB view.

SUM OF n NATURAL NUMBERS USING WHILE LOOP

Aim:
To find the sum of n natural numbers using while loop.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Create blank VI.
Step 2: Right click on the block diagram panel , select program , go to structures and select a
WHILE loop.
Step 3: The tunnels of the border are converted to shift register.
Step 4: Generate an adder and greater than equal to inside the WHILE loop .
Step 5: Using wiring operation required wiring is done in the block diagram panel.
Step 6: Input values are given in front panel and the output is generated.
Block diagram panel:
FRONT PANEL:
Input:

Output:

Result: Thus the sum of n natural numbers using FOR loop is performed in LABview.
 FACTORIAL OF A GIVE NUMBER USING FOR LOOP

Aim:
To perform the factorial of a given number using FOR loop.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Create blank VI.
Step 2: Right click on the block diagram panel , select program , go to structures and select a
FOR loop.
Step 3: Right click on the border of the FOR loop and select add shift register, borders are
converted into shift register.
Step 4: Using wiring operations required connections are given in the block diagram.
Step 5: Inputs are given in the front panel and the program is executed.
Block diagram panel:

Front Panel:
Input:

Output:

Result:
Thus the factorial of a given number is using FOR loop is performed in LAB view.
 SUM OF n NATURAL NUMBERS USING WHILE LOOP
Aim:
To find the sum of n natural numbers using while loop.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Create blank VI.
Step 2: Right click on the block diagram panel , select program , go to structures and select a
WHILE loop.
Step 3: The tunnels of the border are converted to shift register.
Step 4: Generate an adder and greater than equal to inside the WHILE loop .
Step 5: Using wiring operation required wiring is done in the block diagram panel.
Step 6: Input values are given in front panel and the output is generated.
Block diagram panel:

FRONT PANEL:
Input:

Output:

Result:
Thus the sum of n natural numbers using WHILE loop is performed.

FACTORIAL OF A GIVE NUMBER USING WHILE LOOP

Aim:
To perform the factorial of a given number using WHILE loop.
Procedure:
Step 1: Create blank VI.
Step 2: Right click on the block diagram panel, select program, go to structures and select a
WHILE loop.
Step 3: Right click on the border of the WHILE loop and select add shift register, borders are
converted into shift register.
Step 4: Using wiring operations required connections are given in the block diagram.
Step 5: Inputs are given in the front panel and the program is executed.
Block diagram panel:

Front Panel:
Input:

Output:
Exp No.3 DESIGN OF CORE TYPE TRANSFORMER USING MagNet
SOFTWARE

AIM:
To design and analysis of core type transformer using MagNet software
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
MagNet software version 7.5
ABOUT MagNet software:
It is a powerful simulation tool used to solve complicated structure with non linear
elements
PROCEDURE:
DESIGN OF OUTER CORE :
Select line tool, draw outer layer of length 12mm, breath of 10mm
Select line tool, draw inner layer of length 10mm, breath of 8mm
Select the core with construction line surface tool, apply material CR cold rolled
steel material by model make component in a lineCR cold rolled steel
DESIGN OF CONDUCTORS:
Draw rectangular conductors in the primary and secondary side of length 1mm
and breath of 4mm on each sides
Select the conductors with construction line surface tool, apply copper material by
model make component in a linecopper
Select component tool, selecting two copper conductor material to applying
winding by clicking Modelmake simple coil
Apply number of turns and current in coil properties
Select the airgap region, apply air material by model make component in a
lineair
Solver option:
Select solvestatic 2D
Select field flux functionupdate view
Theory:
The basic principle behind working of a transformer is the phenomenon of mutual
induction between two windings linked by common magnetic flux. Basically a transformer
consists of two inductive coils; primary winding and secondary winding. The coils are
electrically separated but magnetically linked to each other. When, primary winding is connected
to a source of alternating voltage, alternating magnetic flux is produced around the winding.
The core provides magnetic path for the flux, to get linked with the secondary winding.
Most of the flux gets linked with the secondary winding which is called as 'useful flux' or main
'flux', and the flux which does not get linked with secondary winding is called as 'leakage
flux'. As the flux produced is alternating (the direction of it is continuously changing), EMF gets
induced in the secondary winding according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. This
emf is called 'mutually induced emf', and the frequency of mutually induced emf is same as that
of supplied emf. If the secondary winding is closed circuit, then mutually induced current flows
through it, and hence the electrical energy is transferred from one circuit (primary) to another
circuit (secondary).
In core type transformer, windings are cylindrical former wound, mounted on the core
limbs as shown in the figure above. The cylindrical coils have different layers and each layer is
insulated from each other. Materials like paper, cloth or mica can be used for insulation. Low
voltage windings are placed nearer to the core, as they are easier to insulate.
Simulation results:

(a) Solid model of core type transformer (b) practical core transformer

( c) Flux distribution of core type transformer

 (D) arrow flow of flux in core type transformer

Result:

Thus the electromagnetic simulation of core type transformer is simulated using MagNet
software
Exp No.4 DESIGN OF SHELL TYPE TRANSFORMER USING MagNet SOFTWARE

AIM:
To design and analysis of shell type transformer using MagNet software
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
MagNet software version 7.5
ABOUT MagNet software:
It is a powerful simulation tool used to solve complicated structure with non linear
elements
PROCEDURE:
DESIGN OF OUTER CORE :
Select line tool, draw outer layer of length 12mm, breath of 10mm
Select line tool, draw inner layer of length 10mm, breath of 8mm
Select the core with construction line surface tool, apply material CR cold rolled
steel material by model make component in a lineCR cold rolled steel
DESIGN OF CONDUCTORS:
Draw rectangular conductors in the primary and secondary side of length 1mm
and breath of 4mm on each sides
Select the conductors with construction line surface tool, apply copper material by
model make component in a linecopper
Select component tool, selecting two copper conductor material to applying
winding by clicking Modelmake simple coil
Apply number of turns and current in coil properties
Select the airgap region, apply air material by model make component in a
lineair
Solver option:
Select solvestatic 2D
Select field flux functionupdate view
THEORY:
the basic principle behind working of a transformer is the phenomenon of mutual
induction between two windings linked by common magnetic flux the shell type transformer has
three limbs or legs. the central limb carries the whole of the flux, and the side limb carries the
half of the flux. hence the width of the central limb is about to double to that of the outer limbs.
the primary and secondary both the windings are placed on the central limbs. the low voltage
winding is placed near the core, and the high voltage winding is placed outside the low voltage
winding to reducing the cost of insulation placed between the core and the low voltage winding.
The windings are cylindrical in shape, and the core laminations are inserted on it. In core type
transformer the core surrounds the windings whereas in shell type transformer the winding
surrounds the core of the transformer. The cross-section area of the core type transformer is
rectangular in shape, whereas the cross section area of the shell type transformer is square,
cruciform two slipped or three stepped in shapes. In shell type transformer, the low voltage
winding and the high voltage winding are put in the form of the sandwich and hence it is called
the sandwich or disc winding transformer. The mechanical strength of the core type transformer
is low as compared to shell type transformer because the shell type transformer has bracings. In
core type transformer the flux is equally distributed to the side limb of the transformer whereas,
in shell type transformer, the central limb carries the whole of the flux and the side limbs carry
the half of the flux.

(a) Practical shell type transformer (b)Wire frame model of shell type transformer

(c) solid model of shell transformer

(d) Flux distribution of shell type transformer (e) arrow flow of flux in core type transformer

Result:

Thus the electromagnetic simulation of shell type transformer is simulated using MagNet
software
Exp No.5 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF VR STEPPER MOTOR USING
FEA SOFTWARE

AIM
To design 8 stator slots 6 rotor poles VR Stepper motor using FEA software (MagNet)
Apparatus required
Design of VR Stepper motor is carried out using Finite Element Analysis software
About MagNet software:
MagNet is electromagnetic analysis software tool used to solve complicated structure with
nonlinear elements.
Procedure:
Procedure to draw stator side:
Step 1: Select circle tool, set the center and radius for the circle in the keyboard input bar,
construct stator outer layer
(0,0) to fix center and radius , (50,0) where 50 is stator outer diameter in mm
Step 2: with the help of same circle tool construct two circle to make stator teeth and stator inner
layer
(0,0) to fix center and radius , (45,0) where 45 is stator teeth diameter in mm
(0,0) to fix center and radius, (30,0) where 30 is stator inner diameter in mm
Step 3: with the help of line tool draw two line across stator to form projected outwards stator
teeth, set the x and y plots for line
(-10,45) , (-10,30) , (10,45) , (10,30)
Step 4: select the stator teeth, Draw rotate edges, 360 / No of stator slots (360/8=45 degree),
give number of copies as 7
Step 5: to apply material, select stator side and give Model make component in a line, select
cold rolled steel material
Procedure to draw rotor side:
Step 1: Select circle tool, set the center and radius for the circle in the keyboard input bar,
construct rotor inner layer
(0,0) to fix center and radius , (6,0) where 6 is rotor outer diameter in mm
Step 2: with the help of same circle tool construct two circle to make rotor teeth and rotor outer
layer
(0,0) to fix center and radius , (29,0) where 29 is rotor teeth diameter in mm
(0,0) to fix center and radius, (18,0) where 18 is rotor inner diameter in mm
Step 3: with the help of line tool draw two line across stator to form projected inwards rotor
teeth, set the x and y plots for line
(-6,18), (-6,29) , (6,18) , (6,29)
Step 4: select the rotor teeth, Draw rotate edges, 360 / No of rotor poles (360/6=30 degree),
give number of copies as 5
Step 5: to apply material, select rotor side and give Model make component in a line, select
cold rolled steel material
Procedure to draw conductors:
Step 1: draw two circular conductors in the air gap region of stator side
Step 2: select the circle and give Draw rotate edges, 360 / No of stator teeth (360/8=45
degree), give number of copies as 7
Step 3: to apply material, select conductors and give Model make component in a line, copper
Step 4: apply winding properties to coils, modelmake simple coil
Procedure for 2d transient analysis
Step 1: select the rotating components, modelmake motion component, set the speed at startup
as 5400 deg/sec
Step 2: set the transient analysis period, solveset transient options ,start as 1,end as 10,step as 1
Step 3: solvetransient 2d with motion.
Theory:
The principle of Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor is based on the property of the flux lines
which capture the low reluctance path. The stator and the rotor of the motor are aligned in such a
way that the magnetic reluctance is minimum.

The opposite poles are connected in series forming a 4 phases. The rotor as 6 poles. Here
I am considering only phase A to make the connection simple. When the coil AA is excited the
rotor teeth 1 and 4 are aligned along the axis of the winding of the phase A. Thus, the rotor
occupies the position as shown in the above figure (a).

Now, the phase A is de-energized, and the phase winding B is energized. The rotor teeth
3 and 6 get aligned along the axis of phase B. The rotor moves a step of phase angle of 15
degrees in the clockwise direction. Further, the phase B is de-energized, and the winding C is
excited. The rotor moves again 15 phase angle.

The sequence A, B, C, D, A is followed, and the four steps of rotation are completed, and
the rotor moves 60 degrees in clockwise direction. For one complete revolution of the rotor 24
steps are required. Thus, any desired step angle can be obtained by choosing different
combinations of the number of rotor teeth and stator exciting coils.

Simulation result:

(a) 8/6 VR stepper motor (b) Solid model of 8/6 VR stepper motor

(c) Flux density of VR stepper motor (d) Arrow flow of flux

Result:
Thus the design and electromagnetic simulation for VR stepper motor is performed by
using MagNet software.
Exp No.6 Design and analysis of BLDC Motor

AIM
To design 6 stator slots 4 rotor poles BLDC motor using FEA software (MagNet)
Apparatus required
Design of BLDC motor is carried out using Finite Element Analysis software
About MagNet software:
MagNet is electromagnetic analysis software tool used to solve complicated structure with
nonlinear elements.
Procedure:
Procedure to draw stator side:
Step 1: Select circle tool, set the center and radius for the circle in the keyboard input bar,
construct stator outer layer
(0,0) to fix center and radius , (50,0) where 50 is stator outer diameter in mm
Step 2: with the help of same circle tool construct two circle to make stator teeth and stator inner
layer
(0,0) to fix center and radius , (45,0) where 45 is stator teeth diameter in mm
(0,0) to fix center and radius, (30,0) where 30 is stator inner diameter in mm
Step 3: with the help of line tool draw two line across stator to form projected outwards stator
teeth, set the x and y plots for line
(-6,45) , (-6,30) , (6,45) , (6,30)
Step 4: select the stator teeth, Draw rotate edges, 360 / No of stator slots (360/6=60 degree),
give number of copies as 5
Step 5: to apply material, select stator side and give Model make component in a line, select
cold rolled steel material
Procedure to draw rotor side:
Step 1: Select circle tool, set the center and radius for the circle in the keyboard input bar,
construct rotor inner layer
(0,0) to fix center and radius , (15,0) where 15 is rotor shaft diameter in mm
Step 2: with the help of same circle tool construct two circle to make Permanent Magnet rotor
(0,0) to fix center and radius , (29,0) where 29 is Permanent Magnet outer diameter in mm
(0,0) to fix center and radius, (23,0) where 23 is inner diameter in mm
Step 3: with the help of line tool draw two line across stator to form projected inwards rotor
teeth, set the x and y plots for line
(-6,18), (-6,29) , (6,18) , (6,29)
Step 4: select the rotor teeth, Draw rotate edges, 360 / No of rotor poles (360/4=90 degree),
give number of copies as 3
Step 5: to apply material, select rotor side and give Model make component in a line, select
Samarium cobalt material, apply radially inwards alternatively, set axis as (0,0,1)
Procedure to draw conductors:
Step 1: draw two circular conductors in the air gap region of stator side
Step 2: select the circle and give Draw rotate edges, 360 / No of stator teeth (360/6=60
degree), give number of copies as 5
Step 3: to apply material, select conductors and give Model make component in a line, copper
Step 4: apply winding properties to coils, modelmake simple coil
Procedure for 2d transient analysis
Step 1: select the rotating components, modelmake motion component, set the position and
speed at startup
Step 2: In the new circuit window, connect the coils with the input DC voltage supply
Step 3: set the transient analysis period
Solve transient 2d with motion

Theory:
Just like any other electric motor, a BLDC motor also has a stator and a rotor. Permanent
magnets are mounted on the rotor of a BLDC motor, and stator is wound with specific number of
poles. This is the basic constructional difference between a brushless motor and a typical dc
motor.
There can be two types of BLDC motor on the basis of construction : (i) inner rotor design & (ii)
outer rotor design.
Before explaining working of brushless DC motor, it is better to understand function of brushed
motor. In brushes motors, there are permanent magnets on the outside and a spinning armature
which contains electromagnet is inside. These electromagnets create a magnetic field in the
armature when power is switched on and help to rotates armature.
The brushes change the polarity of the pole to keep the rotation on of the armature. The basic
principles for the brushed DC motor and for brushless DC motor are same i.e., internal shaft
position feedback. Brushless DC motor has only two basic parts: rotor and the stator. The rotor is
the rotating part and has rotor magnets whereas stator is the stationary part and contains stator
windings. In BLDC permanent magnets are attached in the rotor and move the electromagnets to
the stator. The high power transistors are used to activate electromagnets for the shaft turns.
 (a)solid model of BLDC (b)Flux distribution of BLDC

( c ) Arrow flow of flux distribution (D)circuit diagram of BLDC

Result:
Thus the design and electromagnetic simulation for BLDC motor is performed by using
MagNet software.
Exp No. 7 Design and analysis of Outer rotor Generator

Aim:
To design 9 stator slots 4 rotor poles BLDC motor using FEA software (MagNet)

Software required
Design of BLDC motor is carried out using Finite Element Analysis software
About MagNet software:
MagNet is electromagnetic analysis software tool used to solve complicated structure with
nonlinear elements.
Procedure:
Procedure to draw rotor side:
Step 1: Select circle tool, set the center and radius for the circle in the keyboard input bar,
construct stator outer layer
(0,0) to fix center and radius , (54,0) where 54 is rotor outer diameter in mm
Step 2: with the help of same circle tool construct two circle to make Permanent Magnet rotor
(0,0) to fix center and radius , (42,0) where 42 is Permanent Magnet outer diameter in mm
(0,0) to fix center and radius, (36,0) where 36 is inner diameter in mm
Step 3: with the help of line tool draw two line across stator to form projected inwards rotor
teeth, set the x and y plots for line
(-23,26), (-23,36) , (23,26) , (23,36)
Step 4: select the rotor teeth, Draw rotate edges, 360 / No of rotor poles (360/4=90 degree),
give number of copies as 3
Step 5: to apply material, select rotor side and give Model make component in a line, select
Samarium cobalt material, apply radially inwards alternatively, set axis as (0,0,1)

Procedure to draw stator side:

Step 1: Select circle tool, set the center and radius for the circle in the keyboard input bar,
construct rotor inner layer, with the help of same circle tool construct two circle to make salient
projected and stator inner layer
(0,0) to fix center and radius , (35.5,0) where 35.5 is stator outer diameter in mm (0,0) to fix
center and radius , (34,0) where 34 is stator teeth diameter in mm
Step 3: with the help of line tool draw two line across stator to form projected outwards stator
teeth, set the x and y plots for line
(-8,29) , (-8,36) , (8,29) , (8,36) and (-10,29), (-10,34), (10,29), (10,34)
Step 4: select the stator teeth, Draw rotate edges, 360 / No of stator slots (360/9=40 degree),
give number of copies as 8
Step 5: to apply material, select stator side and give Model make component in a line, select
cold rolled steel material

Procedure to draw conductors:

Step 1: draw two circular conductors in the air gap region of stator side
Step 2: select the circle and give Draw rotate edges, 360 / No of stator teeth (360/9=40
degree), give number of copies as 8
Step 3: to apply material, select conductors and give Model make component in a line, copper
Step 4: apply winding properties to coils, modelmake simple coil
Procedure for 2d transient analysis
Step 1: select the rotating components, modelmake motion component, set the velocity driven
and speed as 450000 deg/s
Step 2: In the new circuit window, connect the coils with the diode bridge rectifier
Step 3: set the transient analysis period
Solve transient 2d with motion
Theory:
A permanent magnet synchronous generator is a generator where the excitation field is
provided by a permanent magnet instead of a coil. The term synchronous refers here to the fact
that the rotor and magnetic field rotate with the same speed, because the magnetic field is
generated through a shaft mounted permanent magnet mechanism and current is induced into the
stationary armature
Synchronous generators are the majority source of commercial electrical energy. They are
commonly used to convert the mechanical power output of steam turbines, gas
turbines, reciprocating engines and hydro turbines into electrical power for the grid. Some
designs of Wind turbines also use this generator type.
 The projected poles are made up from laminations of steel. Salient pole stator have large
diameter and shorter axial length.
They are generally used in lower speed electrical machines, say 100 RPM to 1500 RPM.

(A) Solid model of Generator (B) Flux distribution of Generator

(C )Circuit diagram for Generator (D) No load current

 (E) Rectified DC current

Result:
Thus the design and electromagnetic simulation for PMSG is performed by using
MagNet software
Exp No.8 Design and analysis of cylindrical stator Generator

Aim:
To design 9 stator slots 4 rotor poles BLDC motor using FEA software (MagNet)

Software required
Design of BLDC motor is carried out using Finite Element Analysis software
About MagNet software:
MagNet is electromagnetic analysis software tool used to solve complicated structure with
nonlinear elements.
Procedure:
Procedure to draw stator side:
Step 1: Select circle tool, set the center and radius for the circle in the keyboard input bar,
construct stator outer layer
(0,0) to fix center and radius , (50,0) where 50 is stator outer diameter in mm
Step 2: with the help of same circle tool construct two circle to make stator teeth and stator inner
layer
(0,0) to fix center and radius , (45,0) where 45 is stator teeth diameter in mm
(0,0) to fix center and radius, (30,0) where 30 is stator inner diameter in mm
Step 3: with the help of line tool draw two line across stator to form projected outwards stator
teeth, set the x and y plots for line
(-6,45) , (-6,30) , (6,45) , (6,30)
Step 4: select the stator teeth, Draw rotate edges, 360 / No of stator slots (360/6=60 degree),
give number of copies as 5
Step 5: to apply material, select stator side and give Model make component in a line, select
cold rolled steel material
Procedure to draw rotor side:
Step 1: Select circle tool, set the center and radius for the circle in the keyboard input bar,
construct rotor inner layer
(0,0) to fix center and radius , (15,0) where 15 is rotor shaft diameter in mm
Step 2: with the help of same circle tool construct two circle to make Permanent Magnet rotor
(0,0) to fix center and radius , (29,0) where 29 is Permanent Magnet outer diameter in mm
(0,0) to fix center and radius, (23,0) where 23 is inner diameter in mm
Step 3: with the help of line tool draw two line across stator to form projected inwards rotor
teeth, set the x and y plots for line
(-6,18), (-6,29) , (6,18) , (6,29)
Step 4: select the rotor teeth, Draw rotate edges, 360 / No of rotor poles (360/4=90 degree),
give number of copies as 3
Step 5: to apply material, select rotor side and give Model make component in a line, select
Samarium cobalt material, apply radially inwards alternatively, set axis as (0,0,1)
Procedure to draw conductors:
Step 1: draw two circular conductors in the air gap region of stator side
Step 2: select the circle and give Draw rotate edges, 360 / No of stator teeth (360/6=60
degree), give number of copies as 5
Step 3: to apply material, select conductors and give Model make component in a line, copper
Step 4: apply winding properties to coils, modelmake simple coil
Procedure for 2d transient analysis
Step 1: select the rotating components, modelmake motion component, set the velocity driven
and speed as 450000 deg/s
Step 2: In the new circuit window, connect the coils with the diode bridge rectifier
Step 3: set the transient analysis period
Solve transient 2d with motion
Theory:
Permanent magnet generators (PMGs) or alternators (PMAs) do not require a DC supply
for the excitation circuit, nor do they have slip rings and contact brushes. A key disadvantage in
PMAs or PMGs is that the air gap flux is not controllable, so the voltage of the machine cannot
be easily regulated. A persistent magnetic field imposes safety issues during assembly, field
service or repair. High performance permanent magnets, themselves, have structural and thermal
issues. Torque current MMF vectorially combines with the persistent flux of permanent magnets,
which leads to higher air-gap flux density and eventually, core saturation. In this permanent
magnet alternators the speed is directly proportional to the output voltage of the alternator.
 The rotor winding ( field winding) is very easily provided firmly in its place.
The air gap length is uniform throughout the periphery of the rotor. A better mechanical
balancing of the stator is obtained. Noise less running is possible as the surface of the rotor is
smooth cylindrical shape, The winding provided in the rotor is a distributed one like DC
armature. Hence a better cooling surface is available.

(A) Solid model of cylindrical stator Generator (B) flux distribution of Generator

(C ) DC rectified current (D) Circuit diagram

Result:
 Thus the design and electromagnetic simulation for cylindrical stator PMSG is
performed by using MagNet software

Exp No.9 SIMULATION OF THREE PHASE VSI (120 DEGREE)

AIM
To simulate the operation of three phase voltage source inverter feeding R load in 120 degree
conduction mode.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
PC installed with Matlab 7.0
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

Open Matlab 7.0

Click the Simulink button on the browser
Click on the Simulink library
Drag and drop the required components
connect as per the circuit diagram
run the simulation
Theory:
In this mode of conduction, each electronic device is in a conduction state for 120. It is most
suitable for a delta connection in a load because it results in a six-step type of waveform across any of its
phases. Therefore, at any instant only two devices are conducting because each device conducts at only
120.
The terminal A on the load is connected to the positive end while the terminal B is connected to the
negative end of the source. The terminal C on the load is in a condition called floating state. Furthermore,
the phase voltages are equal to the load voltages.

Simulation Result:

Result:
 Thus the 120 degree three phase inverter Matlab circuit is simulated and the
waveforms were drawn

Exp No.10 SIMULATION OF THREE PHASE VSI (180 DEGREE)

AIM
To simulate the operation of three phase voltage source inverter feeding R load in 180
degree conduction mode.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
PC installed with Matlab 7.0
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
Open Matlab 7.0
Click the Simulink button on the browser
Click on the Simulink library
Drag and drop the required components
connect as per the circuit diagram
run the simulation
Theory:
 In this mode of conduction, every device is in conduction state for 180 where they are
switched ON at 60 intervals. The terminals A, B and C are the output terminals of the bridge
that are connected to the three-phase delta or star connection of the load.
The operation of a balanced star connected load is explained in the diagram below. For the
period 0 60 the points S1, S5 and S6 are in conduction mode. The terminals A and C of the
load are connected to the source at its positive point. The terminal B is connected to the source at
its negative point. In addition, resistances R/2 is between the neutral and the positive end while
resistance R is between the neutral and the negative terminal.
Simulation results:
Result:

Thus the 180 degree three phase inverter Matlab circuit is simulated and the
waveforms were drawn

Image Acquisition using matlab

AIM:
To simulate the operation of three phase voltage source inverter feeding R load in 120 degree
conduction mode.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
PC installed with Matlab 7.0

PROCEDURE:
Coding to identify device name:
Imaqhwinfo(x)
Preview(x)
Coding to capture image:
x=videoinput(winvideo,1);
for i=1:10
img=getsnapshot(x);
fname=(Imagenum2str(i)];
imwrite(img,fname, jpg);
pause(2);
end
THEORY
Image Acquisition Toolbox provides functions and blocks that enable you to connect
industrial and scientific cameras to MATLAB and Simulink. It includes a MATLAB app that
lets you interactively detect and configure hardware properties. The toolbox enables acquisition
modes such as processing in-the-loop, hardware triggering, background acquisition, and
synchronizing acquisition across multiple devices.
 Image Acquisition Toolbox supports all major standards and hardware vendors, including
USB3 Vision, GIGE Vision, and GenICam GenTL. You can connect to 3D depth cameras,
machine vision cameras, and frame grabbers, as well as high-end scientific and industrial
devices.

RESULT:
Thus using matlab software image acquisition is simulated and images are stored in
document.