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OPTIMIZATION
INTRODUCTION
LTE Radio Interface Key Features
LTE Radio Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Access Network (EUTRAN)
SAE-GW
MME Packet
Data
eNode-B Serving PDN Network
GW GW
HSS
eNB Mobility
Management
Entity Policy & Charging Rule
S6a Function
MME S10
X2 S7 Rx+
PCRF
S11
S1-U S5/S8 SGi
PDN
LTE-Uu Serving PDN
Evolved Node B
Gateway Gateway
LTE-UE (eNB)
SAE
Gateway
Evolved Node B (eNB)
eNB Functions
Inter-cell RRM: HO, load balancing between cells
Only network element defined as part of eUTRAN.
Radio Bearer Control: setup , modifications and
Replaces the old Node B / RNC combination from
release of Radio Resources 3G.
Connection Mgt. Control: UE State Management, Terminates the complete radio interface including
MME-UE Connection physical layer.
Radio Admission Control Provides all radio management functions
eNode B Meas. collection and evaluation To enable efficient inter-cell radio management for
cells not attached to the same eNB, there is a inter-
Dynamic Resource Allocation (Scheduler)
eNB interface X2 specified. It will allow to
IP Header Compression/ de-compression coordinate inter-eNB handovers without direct
Access Layer Security: ciphering and integrity
involvement of EPC during this process.
protection on the radio interface
X2-CP X2-UP
(Control Plane) (User Plane)
User PDUs X2
TS 36.423 X2-AP GTP-U Inter eNB interface
TS 29.281
X2
Handover coordination without involving the EPC
SCTP UDP
TS 36.422 TS 36.424 X2AP: special signaling protocol
IP IP
During HO, Source eNB can use the X2 interface to
TS 36.421 L1/L2 L1/L2 TS 36.421 forward downlink packets still buffered or arriving from
the serving gateway to the target eNB.
This will avoid loss of a huge amount of packets during
TS 36.420 inter-eNB handover.
[X2 general aspects & principles)
eNB
S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces
TS 36.410
[S1 general aspects & principles]
S1-MME
Control interface between eNB and MME
S1-MME
MME and UE will exchange non-access stratum signaling via eNB (Control Plane)
through this interface. TS 24.301 NAS Protocols
E.g.: if a UE performs a tracking area update the TRACKING AREA MME
TS 36.413 S1-AP
UPDATE REQUEST message will be sent from UE to eNB and the eNB
will forward the message via S1-MME to the MME. SCTP
TS 36.412
S1AP:S1 Application Protocol IP
S1flex 1 eNB to connect to several MME eNB L1/L2 TS 36.411
S1-U
(User Plane)
User PDUs
TS 29.274 TS 29.272
GTP-C DIAMETER
MME MME HSS
UDP SCTP
IP IP
L1/L2 L1/L2
S10
Interface between different MMEs
Used during inter-MME tracking area updates (TAU) and S6a
handovers Interface between the MME and the HSS
Inter-MME TAU: The new MME can contact the old MME the The MME uses it to retrieve subscription information from HSS
user had been registered before to retrieve data about identity (handover/tracking area restrictions, external PDN allowed, QoS,
(IMSI), security information (security context, authentication etc.) during attaches and updates
vectors) and active SAE bearers (PDN gateways to contact, QoS, The HSS can during these procedures also store the users
etc.) current MME address in its database.
Obviously S10 is a pure signaling interface, no user data runs on
it.
S11 Interface
MME
S11
(Control Plane)
S11
TS 29.274 GTP-C
Interface between MME and a Serving GW
UDP A single MME can handle multiple Serving GW each one with its own S11 interface
IP Used to coordinate the establishment of SAE bearers within the EPC
SAE bearer setup can be started by the MME (default SAE bearer) or by the PDN
L1/L2 Gateway.
Serving
Gateway
S5/S8 Interface
S5/S8
SCTP SCTP
IP IP
L1/L2 L1/L2
SGi
IMS/PDN
Serving
S5/S8
PDN
Gateway Gateway
Rx
(Control Plane) Rx
Interface between PCRF (Policy & Charging Rules Function) and the external
RX Application PDN network/operators IMS (in general, towards the Service Domain)
TS 29.214 Standardized in 3GPP TS 29.214: Policy and Charging Control over the Rx
DIAMETER reference point (release 8)
PCRF SCTP
IP
L1/L2
SGi
Interface used by the PDN GW to send and receive data to and from the
external data network or Service Platform
SGi It is either IPv4 or IPv6 based
(User Plane) Downlink data coming from the external PDN must be assigned to the right
SAE bearer of the right user by analysis of the incoming packets IP addresses,
Application port numbers, etc.
PDN
UDP or TCP This interface corresponds to the Gi interface in 2G/3G networks
PDN IPv4/IPv6
Standardized in 3GPP TS 29.061: Interworking between the Public Land
Gateway TS 29.061 Mobile Network (PLMN) supporting packet based services and Packet Data
L1/L2 Networks (PDN)
LTE UE Categories
Power Tx Power Tolerance
All categories support 20 MHz Class (dBm) (dB)
1 [+30]
64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except 2 [+27]
Class 5 & 8) 3 +23 +/-2 dB
2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1 4 [+21]
peakrate DL/UL 10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 299/75 Mbps 301/50 Mbps 301/102 Mbps 3000/1500 Mbps
MIMO DL Optional 2x2 2x2 2x2 4x4 2x2 or 4x4 2x2 or 4x4 8x8
LTE Advanced - Carrier Aggregation (CA)
High peak data rate of 1 Gbps in downlink and 500 Mbps in uplink can be achieved with bandwidth
extension from 20 MHz up to 100 MHz.
Backwards compatibility to Release 8 by combining N Release 8 component carriers to N x LTE
bandwidth, for example 5 x 20 MHz = 100 MHz
Old LTE terminals use one carrier, new ones all N
LTE-Advanced maximum bandwidth Both contiguous and
non-contiguous CA is
Rel8 BW Rel8 BW Rel8 BW Rel8 BW Rel8 BW supported offering
improved spectrum
flexibility (e.g. for
Carrier 1 Carrier 2 Carrier 3 Carrier 4 Carrier 5
refarming).
CA capable UE
Carrier 1
Carrier 2
RESOURCE BLOCK
Link to understand RB :
http://niviuk.free.fr/lte_ca_spectrum.php
http://dhagle.in/LTE
Cell-Specific Reference Signals Mapping
R0 R0
R0 R0
R0 R0
Measurements (e.g. RSRP)
R0
l 0
R0
l 6 l 0 l 6
Synchronisation in frequency & time
Cell Id (Physical Layer Cell Identity)
Resource element (k,l)
R0 R0 R1 R1
Two antenna ports
R0 R0 R1 R1
Not used for transmission on this antenna port
For more detailed information
according to UE specific
R0 R0 R1 R1
Reference symbols on this antenna port
Reference Signals and their
R0
l 0
R0
l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0
R1
l 6 l 0
R1
l 6
position see: TS 36.211; 6.10.
RSRP: Reference Signal Received Power
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
Four antenna ports
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots
Every 80 ms
INFORMATION BLOCK DESCRIPTION
LTE system information
Description
blocks
MIB Carries physical layer information of LTE cell which in turn help receive further SIs, i.e. system bandwidth
Contains information regarding whether or not UE is allowed to access the LTE cell. It also defines the scheduling of the other SIBs.
SIB1
carries cell ID, MCC, MNC, TAC, SIB mapping.
Carries common channel as well as shared channel information. It also carries RRC, uplink power control, preamble power ramping,
SIB2
uplink Cyclic Prefix Length, sub-frame hopping, uplink EARFCN
SIB3 carries cell re-selection information as well as Intra frequency cell re-selection information
carries Intra Frequency Neighbors(on same frequency); carries serving cell and neighbor cell frequencies required for cell reselection
SIB4 as well handover between same RAT base stations(GSM BTS1 to GSM BTS2) and different RAT base stations(GSM to WCDMA or GSM
to LTE or between WCDMA to LTE etc.) . Covers E-UTRA and other RATs as mentioned
Carries Inter Frequency Neighbors(on different frequency); carries E-UTRA LTE frequencies, other neighbor cell frequencies from
SIB5
other RATs. The purpose is cell reselection and handover.
SIB6 carries WCDMA neighbors information i.e. carries serving UTRA and neighbor cell frequencies useful for cell re-selection
carries GSM neighbours information i.e. Carries GERAN frequencies as well as GERAN neighbor cell frequencies. It is used for cell re-
SIB7
selection as well as handover purpose.
SIB8 carries CDMA-2000 EVDO frequencies, CDMA-2000 neighbor cell frequencies.
SIB9 carries HNBID (Home eNodeB Identifier)
SIB10 carries ETWS prim. notification
SIB11 carries ETWS sec. notification
UL Physical Resource Block: DRS & SRS
The Demodulation Reference Signal is
transmitted in the third SC-FDMA
symbol (counting from zero) in all
Note: when the 12 subcarriers
resource blocks allocated to the PUSCH
subframe contains the carrying the user data.
.. ..
PUCCH, the
This signal is needed for channel
Demodulation Frequency estimation, which in turn is essential for
Reference Signal is
coherent demodulation of the UL signal
embedded in a 1 ms subframe or
in the eNodeB.
different way TTI
SRS can be used to implement beamforming in TDD. PUCCH: Physical UL Control Channel
Modulation Schemes
3GPP standard defines the following options: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM in both
directions (UL & DL) Physical Modulation
channel
UL 64QAM not supported in RL10
PDSCH QPSK, 16QAM,
Not every physical channel is allowed to use any modulation scheme: 64QAM
Scheduler decides which form to use depending on carrier quality feedback
information from the UE PMCH QPSK, 16QAM,
64QAM: 64QAM
3. DL Reference Signals
(Channel estimation & measurements
UE
eNodeB 4. PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
(MIB DL system bandwidth, PHICH configuration)
MIB = Master Information Block
PHICH = Physical HARQ Indicator Channel
Cell Search
Challenge:
The PBCH contains only the MIB (Master Information Block) the SIBs (System Information
Blocks) are on the PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)!
need to read SIBs on PDSCH
Problem: The UE should read PDSCH but it doesn't know which resource blocks are reserved for
it and where are they placed (in time & frequency)
Solution:
PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel) indicates the size of PDCCH (Physical
Downlink Control Channel)
the PDCCH is indicating which resource blocks are scheduled and where are located
Cell Search (2/2)
5. PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Channel
(How many OFDM symbols (1,2,3) in the beginning of
the sub-frame are for PDCCH)
.
.
. (C)
8. PRACH preamble
(C 3rd random preamble)
UE
eNodeB
Challenge:
Several UEs may send the same preamble. How to solve the
collision ?
Solution:
contention resolution
* 64 Random Access Preamble Signatures available per Cell
Random Access (2/2)
response to RACH Preamble on PDSCH
LTE broadband for high speed data Fast-Track VoLTE IMS for enriched IP multimedia services
D
1
S
2
U
3
U
4
U
5
D
6
S
7
U
8
U
9
Frame and 1
2
5 ms
5 ms
D
D
S
S
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
S
S
U
U
U
D
D
D
Channel Type 3
4
10 ms
10 ms
D
D
S
S
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 5 ms D S U U U D S U U D
LTE Physical Layer - Introduction
It provides the basic bit transmission functionality over air
LTE physical layer based on OFDMA DL & SC-FDMA in UL
This is the same for both FDD & TDD mode of operation
There is no macro-diversity in use
System is reuse 1, single frequency network operation is feasible
no frequency planning required
There are no dedicated physical channels anymore, as all resource mapping is dynamically driven by the scheduler
Downlink Uplink
LTE Physical Layer Structure Frame Structure (FDD)
FDD Frame structure ( also called Type 1 Frame) is common to both UL & DL
Divided into 20 x 0.5ms slots
Structure has been designed to facilitate short round trip time
- Frame length = 10 ms
0.5 ms slot
- FDD: 10 sub-frames of 1 ms for UL & DL
sy0 sy1 sy2 sy3 sy4 sy5 sy6
- 1 Frame = 20 slots of 0.5ms each
10 ms frame - 1 slot = 7 (normal CP) or 6 OFDM symbols
(extended CP)
s s s s s s s s .. s18 s19
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.5 ms slot
SF: SubFrame
SF0 SF1 SF2 SF3 .. SF9
s: slot
1 ms sub-frame Sy: symbol
In FDD, there is a time offset between uplink and downlink transmission .
LTE Physical Layer Structure Frame Structure (TDD)
Frame Type 2 (TS 36.211-900; 4.2)
each radio frame consists of 2 half frames = 10 subframes = 10 ms (1 subframe = 1 ms)
Half-frame = 5 ms = 5 Sub-frames of 1 ms
UL-DL configurations with both 5 ms & 10 ms DL-to-UL switch-point periodicity are supported
Special subframe with the 3 fields DwPTS, GP & UpPTS; length of DwPTS + UpPTS +GP = 1 subframe; (i.e. depending on frame
configuration one or two Special Subframes)
DL / UL ratio can vary from 1/3 to 8/1 according to service requirements of the carrier
Radio Frame: 10ms
Half Frame: 5 ms
f SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF
DwPTS
DwPTS
UpPTS
UpPTS
GP
GP
UL/DL
carrier
#0 #2 #3 #4 #5 #7 #8 #9
Fields:
Downlink Pilot time Slot (DwPTS)
shortened DL subframe
for Reference Signals & control information
may carry user data
contains PSS (note: SSS transmitted on
the last symbol of subframe 0)
Uplink Pilot Time Slot (UpPTS)
mainly used for RACH and SRS transmission
Guard Period (GP)
Switching point between DL & UL transmission
Compensates for the delay when switching between transmission directions
Its length determines the maximum supportable cell size
SUBFRAME 1
TD-LTE Downlink Peak Bit Rate- MAC Layer
Condition:
20MHz bandwidth, total 100 PRBs allocated
2x2 MIMO (2 antennas for TX, 2 Antennas for RX)
Maximum TB Size in normal DL subframe = 75376 bits
Maximum TB Size in DwPTS = 55056 bits
MAC layer peak bit rate in different configurations:
2DL:2UL configuration, SF configuration 5
Resource
Management
Scope of RRM
Scope of RRM:
Management and optimized utilization of the (scarce) radio resources:
Provision for each service/bearer/user an adequate QoS (if applicable)
Increasing the overall radio network capacity and optimizing quality
X2
LTE-Uu
Evolved Node B
LTE-UE (eNB)
LTE RRM: Scheduling
Motivation
Bad channel condition avoidance
CDMA OFDMA
Single Carrier transmission does The part of total available
not allow to allocate only channel experiencing bad
particular frequency parts. Every channel condition (fading) can be
fading gap effects the data. avoided during allocation
procedure.
LTE RRM: Link Adaptation by AMC (UL/DL)
Optimizing air interface efficiency
Motivation of link adaptation: Modify the signal transmitted to and by a particular user according to the
signal quality variation to improve the system capacity & coverage reliability.
It modifies the MCS (Modulation & Coding Scheme) & the transport block size (DL) and ATB (UL)
If SINR is good then higher MCS can be used more payload per symbol more throughput.
If SINR is bad then lower MCS should be used (more robust)
Flexi Multiradio BTS performs the link adaptation for DL on a TTI basis
The selection of the modulation & the channel coding rate is based:
DL data channel: CQI report from UE
UL: BLER measurements in Flexi LTE BTS
Adaptive Transmission Bandwidth (ATB): Calculates maximum number of PRBs that UL SCH can assigned to a
particular UE taking into account UE QoS profile and available UE power headroom
Link Adaptation / AMC for PDSCH
START
Procedure:
Initial MCS is provided by O&M Retrieve Default MCS
(parameter INI_MCS_DL) & is set as
default MCS
If DL AMC is not activated (O&M
parameter ENABLE_AMC_DL) the Dynamic AMC
active?
algorithm always uses this default
MCS no
If DL AMC is activated HARQ
retransmissions are handled HARQ
differently from initial transmissions retransmission? yes
(For HARQ retransmission the same
MCS has to be used as for the initial no
transmission) Determine avaraged CQI Use the same MCS as for
Use Default MCS
A MCS based on CQI reporting from value for allocated PRBs initial transmission
END
Outer Link Quality Control (OLQC)
Optimize the DL performance
Downlink:
There is no adaptive or dynamic power control in DL but semi-static power setting
eNodeB gives flat power spectral density (dBm/PRB) for the scheduled resources:
The power for all the PRBs is the same
If there are PRBs not scheduled that power is not used but the power of the remaining scheduled
PRBs doesnt change:
Total Tx power is max. when all PRBs are scheduled. If only 1/2 of the PRBs are scheduled the
Tx power is 1/2 of the Tx power max ( i.e. Tx power max -3dB)
PPUSCH (i) min{ PCMAX ,10 log10 ( M PUSCH (i)) P0 _ PUSCH ( j ) ( j ) PL TF (i) f (i )}[dBm]
Closed Loop PC component f(i): Makes use of feedback from the eNB. Feedback are TCP commands send via PDCCH to instruct the
UE to increase or decrease its Tx power
PPUSCH (i) min{ PCMAX ,10 log10 ( M PUSCH (i)) P0 _ PUSCH ( j ) ( j ) PL TF (i) f (i )}[dBm]
PCMAX: max. UE Tx power according to UE power class; e.g. 23dBm for class 3
MPUSCH: # allocated PRBs. The UE Tx Power is increased proportionally to the # of allocated RBs. Remaining terms of the formula are
per RB
P0_PUSCH: eNB received power per RB when assuming path loss 0 dB. Depends on
: Path loss compensation factor. Three values:
= 0, no compensation of path loss
= 1, full compensation of path loss (conventional compensation)
{ 0 ,1 } , fractional compensation
PL: DL Path loss calculated by the UE
Delta_TF: increases the UE Tx power to achieve the required SINR when transmitting a large number of bits per RE. It links the UE
Tx power to the MCS.
3GPP Transmission Modes Summary
transmission modes defined by 3GPP TS36.331234
BF: beamforming SM: spatial multiplexing
Open-loop SM (CQI and RI reported by UE, PM def. by eNb, rank adapt., rank
Mode 3
1 TM2, otherwise SM)
FDD & TDD
Mode 4 Closed-loop SM (CQI, RI, PMI reported by UE, rank adaptation) Rel 8
Mode 5 Multiuser-MIMO
Mode 9 Multi-stream beamforming with CSI-RS (Channel state information) Rel 10 FDD & TDD
Transmit diversity for 2 antennas
W1
Scale
Map onto Resource
Elements OFDMA
Code word 2
Modulation
L2
W2
Precoding
Precoding generates the signals for each antenna port
Precoding is done multiplying the signal with a precoding matrix selected from a predefined codebook
known at the eNB and at the UE side
Closed loop: UE estimates the radio channel, selects the best precoding matrix (the one that offers
maximum capacity) & sends it to the eNB
Open loop: no need for UEs feedback as it uses predefined settings for Spatial Multiplexing & precoding
Mobility
Introduction to Inter-layer Mobility
Connected mode 4G to 3G
Idle mode 4G-3G, 3G-4G
3G F1 to 3G F2 LTE F1 to LTE F2
Connected, idle Connected, idle
LTE
WCDMA
4G Idle mode to
2G Idle mode
Reselection Flow
Measurement Management for cell Reselection
LTE Thresholds and periodicity for measurements
RSRP [dBm] serving cell
When RSRP < -68 dBm UE When RSRP < -118 dBm UE
starts to measure intra-freq starts to measure on LTE (Inter)
neighbours and WCDMA
interFrqThrL
sIntrasearch sNonIntrsearch threshSrvLow Qrxlevmin (Used by Serving Cell)
qrxlevminintraF (Used By Neigh Cell)
LNCEL:threshSrvLow = 6 (-124 dBm)
LNCEL:Qhyst = 3dB UFFIM:utraFrqThrL = 0 (-115 dBm)
IAFIM: qOffestCell = 0dB UFFIM:qRxLevMinUtra= -115 dBm
LNCEL:threshSrvLow= 6 (-124 dBm)
Reselection to other LTE cell will happen: IRFIM:interFrqThrL = 4 (-120 dBm) If no suitable LTE cell found, then reselection to
1. When neighbor is 3dB better than serving IRFIM:qRxLevMinInterF= -130dBm WCDMA will happen
2. For a time 1. When serving cell is below -124 dBm and
LNCEL:tReselEutr = 1s Reselection to LTE Inter cell will happen: neighboring WCDMA cell RSCP > -115 dBm
3. AND more than 1 s has elapsed since the 1. When serving is below -124dBm 2. For a time UFFIM:tResUtra = 1s
UE camped in the currrent cell AND LTE neighbours RSRP is better 3. AND more than 1 s has elapsed since the UE
than -118 dBm camped in the current cell
2. For a time
IRFIM:intertResEutr = 1s
3. AND more than 1 s has elapsed
since the UE camped in the current
cell
Confidential
HO Process
Intra RAT HO events
70
X-2 Ho Preparation
71
X-2 HO Execution
72
X-2 HO Completion
73
Inter eNB Handover via S1 (preparation, execution)
74
Inter eNB Handover via S1 (completion)
75
HO to WCDMA
HO to WCDMA
Connected Mode
Intra and Inter-frequency Handovers
UE stops to
measure intra
Frequency
Neighbors
-80 dBm -120 dBm
Threshold3aInterFreq
Threshold2a
UE stops to
measure intra
Frequency
Neighbors
-80 dBm
Threshold2a
Trigger: RSRP above Thresholdxa
HO to WCDMA
Source Target
UE MME S -GW SGSN P -GW
eNB RNC
RRC: RRC Connection Reconfiguration (LNCEL: A1, A2 & LNHOW: B2 thresholds 1
& LNADJW: WCDMA frequency & scrambling code )
2 Measurements activation/deactivation of
WCDMA based on A2/A1 events. UE
measurement reports triggered by event B2
4 Decision to perform
WCDMA HO
5 Handover Preparation
S1AP: Handover Command
event A2
RRC: RRC CONNECTION RELEASE for redirection
target RAT
indicated
CS Fallback to UTRAN
No CS domain in Evolved Packet System (EPS)
eNB
NB
LTE E-UTRAN attached UEs
WCDMA request CS voice service
eNB MME
UE
RRC:
S1AP: UL NAS TRANSPORT
(Extended Service Request)
UMTS
Acquisition UMTS cell
MO CSFB Call Setup Duration
acquisition
< Status: UMTS Cell Acquired >
UMTS
SIB Read Time SIB reading
< Status: Camped on UMTS Cell >
UE time to Send
RRC Connection
Request
RRC Connection Request
NW RRC
RRC Connection Setup
UMTS
Call Setup
Duration UE UMTS Service
Req. (Location Update Procedure)
CC Alerting
83
RF
Measurement
LTE Measurements
Physical layer measurements have not been extensively discussed in the LTE standardization. They could change.
Intra LTE measurements ( from LTE to LTE)
UE measurements
CQI measurements
Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)
Reference Signal Received Quality ( RSRQ)
eNB measurements
Non standardized (vendor specific): TA, Average RSSI, Average SINR, UL CSI, detected PRACH
preambles, transport channel BLER
Standardized: DL RS Tx Power, Received Interference Power, Thermal Noise Power
Measurements from LTE to other systems
UE measurements are mainly intended for Handover.
UTRA FDD: CPICH RSCP, CPICH Ec/No and carrier RSSI
GSM: GSM carrier RSSI
UTRA TDD: carrier RSSI, RSCP, P-CCPCH
CDMA2000: 1xRTT Pilot Strength, HRPD Pilot Strength
E-UTRA Carrier Received Signal Strength Indicator, comprises the total received wideband power observed by the UE from all RS
symbols for antenna port 0, including co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise etc.
eNodeB Measurements
DL Reference Signal Transmitted Power
Average of power levels (in [W]) transmitted across all Reference Signal symbols within the considered
measurement frequency bandwidth
Reference point for the DL RS TX power measurement: TX antenna connector
The DL RS TX power signaled to the UE is not measured, it is just an eNB internal setting
Received Interference Power:
Received interference power, including thermal noise, within one PRBs bandwidth
Thermal noise power: No x W
Thermal noise power within the UL system bandwidth (consisting of variable # of resource blocks)
No: white noise power spectral density on the uplink carrier frequency and W: denotes the UL
system bandwidth.
Optionally reported with the Received Interference Power
Reference point: RX antenna connector
In case of receiver diversity, the reported value is the average of the power in the diversity branches