Basic Electrical Engineering

NEE 220

Engr. Jessica Laine M. Tumbaga

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General Policies
Absence in excess of 20% of total required number of meetings per
term will be given a mark of D Dropped unofficially.
Late in excess of 25% of the scheduled class duration will be
considered absent (15 minutes for a 1 hour class; 23 minutes for a 1-
1/2 hour class; 30 minutes for a 2 hour class). Reference time is
DOSTs JUAN TIME.
Only missed major exams may be given a special make-up exam with
valid reasons and upon presentation of related documents. Missed
quizzes will be given a score of 0.
Cheating will be automatically penalized with a final grade of 5.0.
Going out of the class during exams is NOT ALLOWED.

Engr. J.L. Tumbaga Friday, June 16, 2017

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Grading System
Prelim Midterm Finals

Quizzes (Q) 33% Quizzes (Q) 33% Quizzes (Q) 33%

LECTURE Prelim Exam (PE) 67% Midterm Exam (ME) 67% Final Exam (FE) 67%

Prelim Grade (PGlec) 100% Midterm Grade (MGlec) 100% Final Grade (FGlec) 100%

Experiment Report (ER) 33% Experiment Report (ER) 33% Experiment Report (ER) 33%

LABORATORY Prelim Exam (PE) 67% Midterm Exam (ME) 67% Final 67%

Prelim Grade (PGlab) 100% Midterm Grade (MGlab) 100% Final Grade (FGlab) 100%

TMG = MGlec*60% + MGlab*40% TFG = FGlec*60% + FGlab*40%

Prelim Grade = PGlec*60% +
PGlab*40%
+ +
Midterm Grade= Final Grade=

Engr. J.L. Tumbaga Friday, June 16, 2017

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Course Outline
Basic Concepts
Introduction
System of Units
Charge and Current
Voltage
Power and Energy
Circuit Elements
Basic Laws
Ohms Law
Nodes, Branches and Loops
Kirchhoffs Laws
Series, Parallel Circuits; Voltage Divider and Current Divider
Principle
Wye-Delta Transformations

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Course Outline (Contd)

Methods of Analysis
Introduction
Mesh Analysis
Nodal Analysis
Network Theorems
Introduction
Superposition
Source Transformation
Thevenins Theorem

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Course Outline (Contd)

MAGNETIC CIRCUITS
Introduction to magnetic circuits
Faraday's law of Electromagnetism induced emfs
AC CIRCUITS
Introduction to AC Circuits
Generation of AC
Average and RMS values
Sinusoids

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Introduction
In electrical engineering, we are often interested in
communicating or transferring energy from one point to another. To do
this requires an interconnection of electrical devices. Such
interconnection is referred to as an electric circuit, and each component
of the circuit is known as an element.

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT is an interconnection of electrical elements.

Engr. J.L. Tumbaga Friday, June 16, 2017

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System of Units
An international measurement language is the International System of
Units (SI), adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures
in 1960.

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Engr. J.L. Tumbaga Friday, June 16, 2017

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Charge and Current

The concept of electric charge is the underlying principle for explaining

all electrical phenomena. Also, the most basic quantity in an electric
circuit is the electric charge.

CHARGE is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter

consists, measured in coulomb (C).

=

Where:
N = # of particles
Q = charge (C)
C = charge of a particle

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Law of Conservation of Charge

states that charge can neither be created nor destroyed, only
transferred. Thus the algebraic sum of the electric charges in a system
does not change.

A unique feature of electric charge or electricity is the fact that it

is mobile; that is, it can be transferred from one place to another, where it
can be converted to another form of energy. This motion of charges
creates electric current.

By convention introduced by
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790),
the current flow follows with the
movement of positive charges.

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ELECTRIC CURRENT is the dime rate of change of charge, measured in

amperes (A).

=

Where:
i = current (A)
dq/dt = rate of change of charge w.r.t. time
1 ampere = 1 coulomb / second

Similarly,

=
0
Here, we represent current as i because there can be several types
of current; that is, charge can vary with time in several ways. If the
current does not change with time, but remains constant, we call it a
direct current (dc). Otherwise, we call it alternating current (ac).

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Trivia:
Andre-Marie Ampere (17751836),
a French mathematician and physicist, laid
the foundation of electrodynamics. He
dened the electric current and developed a
way to measure it in the 1820s. Born in
Lyons, France, Ampere at age 12 mastered
Latin in a few weeks, as he was intensely
interested in mathematics and many of the
best mathematical works were in Latin. He
was a brilliant scientist and a prolic writer.
He formulated the laws of electromagnetics.
He invented the electromagnet and the
ammeter.

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DIRECT CURRENT (DC) is a current that remains constant with time.

ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) is a current that varies sinusoidally with

time.

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As mentioned earlier, the direction of current ow is conventionally

taken as the direction of positive charge movement. Based on this
convention, a current of 5 A may be represented positively or negatively
as shown in the figure above. In other words, a negative current of A
owing in one direction as shown in (b) is the same as a current of A
owing in the opposite direction.

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Problems:
1. How much charge is represented by 4,600 electrons?
Ans. -7.369 x 10-16 C
2. Calculate the amount of charge represented by six million protons?

3. The total charge entering the terminal is given by q = 5t sin 4t mC.

Calculate the current at t = 0.5s.
Ans. 31.42 mA
4. If in problem 3, q = (10 10e-2t) mC, find the current at t = 1.0s.

5. Determine the total charge entering a terminal between t = 1s and t =

2s if the current passing the terminal is i = (3t2 t ) A.
Ans. 5.5 C
6. The current flowing through an element is
Calculate the charge entering the element from t=0 to t=2 s.

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Albert Einstein

~The End~

Engr. J.L. Tumbaga Friday, June 16, 2017