15/11/2017 Isostatic Laminator | Diffusion Bonding | Diffusion Welding | Hot Pressure Welding | Hot Isostatic pressing (HIP) | Mechanical

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ISOSTATIC LAMINATOR | DIFFUSION

BONDING | DIFFUSION WELDING | HOT
PRESSURE WELDING | HOT ISOSTATIC
PRESSING (HIP)
September 25, 2017 admin One comment

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What is diffusion bonding?

Diffusion bonding or welding is a solid state joining
process wherein coalescence of the faying surfaces is
produced by the application of pressure and elevated
temperature to carefully cleaned and mated metal
surfaces so that they actually grow together by atomic
diffusion. Diffusion welding takes longer welding
time.

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15/11/2017 Isostatic Laminator | Diffusion Bonding | Diffusion Welding | Hot Pressure Welding | Hot Isostatic pressing (HIP) | Mechanical Engineering

History:
The process developed in the early 1970s. The
process created based on the goldsmiths gold and
copper foil bonding to produce filled gold. At first,
gold foil placed above the copper foil. Simultaneously
a weight is placed over the coil and from the furnace
constant heat is applied to make the strong bond.

Diffusion welding process

involves two steps or stages:
First stage:
To accomplish the task of diffusion bonding, metal to
metal contacts of the two pieces to be diffused. This is
done by the application of pressure that deforms the
substrate roughness and disrupts and disperses the
above mentioned surface layers and contaminants.

Second stage:
It involves diffusion and grain growth to complete the
weld and ultimately eliminate the interface formed in
the previous stage. The second stage induces
complete metallic bonding across the area of contact.

In order to increase diffusion rate, moderate heating

temperatures (usually below 1100C) are used.
Without applying heat if it takes many hours to
perform a certain bonding, with the application of

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heat, the time element will be cut to a few hours or

minutes.

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LASER Cutting System

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Diffusion welding process steps:

1. Two typical work piece surfaces to be diffusion
welded can be seen

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2. The individual peaks which make up the

roughness are deformed by the application of
increasing pressure

3. At places where the surfaces move together

under shear, the oxide films are disrupted and
metal to metal contact takes place

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4. After metal to metal contact is established, the

atoms are within the attractive force fields of
each other and hence a high strength joint is
generated. The joint resembles a grain boundary

5. A planer interracial boundary being

thermodynamically unstable tends to migrate to
a more stable configuration if conditions permit

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Diffusion welding methods:

They are

1. Gas pressure bonding

2. Vacuum fusion bonding
3. Eutectic fusion bonding

Gas pressure bonding:

Parts to be joined are placed together in intimate
contact and then heated to around 815C. During
heating, an inert gas pressure is built up over all the
surfaces of the parts to be welded. Non ferrous
metals are joined with the help of gas pressure
bonding method.

Tungsten and Alloy

Ad Tungsten and Alloy plate, sheet, rod,
bar, disc, tube, wire, parts
refrachina.com

Learn More

Vacuum fusion bonding:

Parts to be joined are pressed together mechanically
or hydraulically. A hydraulic press used for diffusion
welding resembles that employed in forging and is
equipped to pressurize from three directions.

Eutectic fusion bonding:

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It is a low temperature diffusion welding process. A

thin plate of filler metal is kept between the base
metal to be joined. As the pieces are heated to an
elevated temperature, the filler material diffuses and
forms a eutectic compound with the parent metals.

READ RT Prototyping | Rapid

Tooling

Advantages of diffusion welding:

1. Continuous, leak tight welds can be formed
2. The process is well suited for welding
dissimilar metals and ceramics
3. Number of welds can be made simultaneously
4. Weld-ability is largely independent of material
thickness

Limitations of diffusion welding:

1. Opposing surfaces must be mated in size to
within a few angstroms of each other in order to
achieve a satisfactory metal bond
2. Diffusion welding requires a relatively long,
time consuming thermal cycle
3. Diffusion welding is not classified as a mass
production process
4. The cost of the machine is usually high.
Simultaneous application of heat and
compressive force in vacuum environment are
the major problem in constructing the machine.

Applications of diffusion welding:

1. Fabrication of composite materials
2. Copper liner fabrication in the liquid rocket
combustion chamber
3. Stainless steel window frame fabrication in the
land based missile
4. Internal channel liners for the liquid hydrogen
cooling

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ONE COMMENT

Ingeniera 3d Sevilla October 7, 2017 5:10 pm

Thank you

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