BiochemEvals (FINALS)

1. Antiplasmin: inhibitor of Plasmin

2. Ca, Va, Xa: Prothrombinase complex
3. Heparin: aPTT
4. Thromboxane A2: potent platelet aggregator, half-life = 30 seconds
5. Von Willebrand Factor: granules
6. Christmas Factor (IX): Plasma Thromboplastin Complement
7. Fibrinogen: consists of 3 non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains linked to disulfide bonds
8. Warfarin: Vitamin K antagonist
9. Factor IV or Calcium: non-protein factor
10. Calcium: activates 9, 10,7,2
11. Prostaglandin I2: inhibitor of aggregation
12. Factor IX: half-life of more than 24 hours
13. Waxes: fatty acids w/ High-molecular weight, monohydric alcohol
14. Cephalins: not a simple lipid
15. Dipalmitoyl lecithin: surfactant
16. Diphosphatidylglycerol: mitochondrial membrane
17. Lecithin: Phosphatidylcholine
18. Galactosylceramides: glycolipids of brain and nervous tissue
19. Gangliosides: w/ Sialic Acid (N-acetylneuraminic Acid)
20. Sunflower: Polyunsaturated FA
21. Oleic Acid: unsaturated
22. Linoleic Acid: precursor of Arachidonic acid
23. Triglycerides: main storage form of Fats
24. Egg yolk: richest
25. What reaction produce NADPH?
26. Malonyl CoA: initial and controlling step
27. Biotin: vitamin co-factor of Carboxylation
28. Palmitic Acid: product of Fatty Acid synthase catalyst reaction
29. Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP): major source of NADPH
30. Malonyl CoA inhibition: present in B-oxidation that is NOT FOUND in the synthesis
31. 6 cycles: Fatty Acid Synthesis
32. 106 ATPs: net gain
33. 28 ATPs: first 7 cycles
34. 14 NADPH: used NADPH for Palmitate synthesis
35. Citrate: activated from an inactive dimer to an active polymeric form
36. CarnitinePalmitoylTransferase I: acyl-coA enters mitochondria through this enzyme
37. Acyl coAsynthetase: FFA active acyl coA, use ATP AMP + PPi
38. Carnitineacylcarnitinetranslocase: transporter
39. FFA to Acyl coA: 1st reaction in B-oxidation
40. CarnitinePlamitoyltransferase II: acylcarnitine + coA acyl coA, liberating carnitine
41. FAD+: 1st reaction used this cofactor
42. Thiolase: split 2,3 position acetyl coA + new Acyl coA
43. Propionyl CoA: oxidation of FA w/ ODD no. carbon yields Acetyl coA + _________
44. 10 ATPs: 1 mol of Acetyl CoA
45. Peroxisomes: oxidize very long chain FA
46. Carnitine deficiency: premature infants and hemodialyzed patients
47. Acetone: nonenzymatic ketone body

48. What is not a process in the B-oxidation?

a. Oxidation
b. Carboxylation
c. Hydration
d. Thiolysis
e. NOTA
49. Acetyl coA carboxylase: forms Trans-enoylcoA
50. Liver: where Ketogenesis occurs
51. Severe starvation, High Fat Diet: Nonpathologic Ketosis
52. HMG coA Synthase: acetoacetylcoA + Acetyl coA
53. Hydroxybutyrate to Acetate: produce NADPH
54. Transferase: acetoacetate acetoacetylcoA
55. TRUE: As the level of serum FFA is raised proportionately more FFA is converted to Ketone
Bodies
56. In the shuttle of mitochondrial acetyl coenzyme A to the cytosol for fatty acid synthesis, in which
step generates NADPH?
a. oxaloacetate + acetyl coenzyme A citrate
b. oxaloacetate malate
c. malate pyruvate
d. pyruvate oxaloacetate
e. citrate _ coenzyme A oxaloacetate _ acetyl coenzyme A

2ndEvals
1. Cyclooxygenase Pathway: responsible for Prostanoid synthesis
2. FALSE: All mammalian cells synthesize eicosanoids (except Erythrocytes)
3. Corticosteroids/Glucocorticosteroids: inhibits PGHS-2
4. Aspirin: acetylation of PGHS-1 and PGHS-2
5. Ibuprofen/ NSAIDS/Indomethacin: compete Arachidonate/Arachidonic Acid
6. Thromboxanes and Prostaglandin: from COX pathway
7. Triacylglycerol : major lipids in fat deposits and in food
8. Unesterified LCFA (FFA): most active plasma lipid, 4%
9. Cholesterol: 14%
10. Chylomicrons: derived from intestinal absorption of TAG
11. VLDL: Pre-B lipoprotein and derived from the liver for the export of TAG to the extrahepatic
tissues
12. LDL: final stage in catabolism of VLDL
13. Phospholipids: HDL is predominantly ________
14. Apo C-I for cholesteryl ester transfer protein: enzyme inhibtors
15. ApoA-I: activates LCAT (lecithin:carnitineacyltransferase)
16. Apo CII: activates lipoprotein lipase
17. Chylomicron: Exogenous Pathway
18. Cholesterol can be:
a. Stored in hepatocytes as esters
b. Released in bile
c. Used to form membranes or lipoproteins
d. In lysosomes, the esterified cholesterol is hydrolysed and released as free cholesterol for
synthesis of cell membranes
e. AOTA
19. Role of Liver in lipid transport and metabolism, except:
a. Facilitates digestion and absorption of lipids by the production of bile
b. Has active enzyme systems for synthesizing and oxidizing FA, and for synthesizing TAG
and phospholipids
c. Ketogenesis
d. Synthesis and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins
e. NOTA
20. NADH: competes w/ reducing equivalents from other substrates for the respiratory chain

21. Ethanol:
a. lipogenesis
b. NADH/NAD ratio
c. Cholesterol synthesis from acetyl-coA
d. Oxidation of Ethanol
e. Lipid peroxidation
22. Insulin:
a. lipogenesis
b. Inhibit FFA release from Adipose
c. oxidation of glucose to CO2 via PPP
d. Inhibit lipase release of FFA and glycerol
23. Promotes Lipolysis, except:
a. Epinephrine
b. Norepinephrine
c. Glucagon
d. Insulin
e. NOTA
24. Type I hyperlipoproteinemia (Hyperchylomicronemia)
a. Deficiency of LPL
b. Production of abnormal LPL
c. apoC-II deficiency
d. low fat/complex carbohydrate diet
e. AOTA
25. Apo B-100: LDL receptor
26. Wolmans disease: defect in lysosomal cholesteryl ester hydrolase
27. 10% cholesterol: from intestine and liver (50% de novo)
28. Acetyl coA: carbon donor of Cholesterol
29. Mevalonate: rate limiting step catalyzed by HMG coA reductase
30. 300 mg/ 0.3 g: normal consumption of Cholesterol
31. Cholesterol 7-hydroxylase: regulating step
32. Cholic acid: bile acid of largest amount
33. Statins: HMG-coA reductase inhibitor, uptake of LDL
34. Clofibrate: promote rapid VLDL turnover by activating lipoprotein lipase
35. Cholestyramine: non-absorbable resins that bind bile acids
36. Nicotinic Acid: reduce levels of VLDL and LDL by inhibiting hepatic VLDL secretion
37. Source of Vit. A except:
a. Animal Liver
b. Egg yolk
c. Butter
d. Fish
e. NOTA

38. 25-hydroxycholecalciferol: major form in circulation and major storage form in the liver
39. Folic Acid Deficiency, except:
a. Anencephaly
b. Spina Bifida
c. Megaloblastic Anemia
d. Pernicious Anemia
e. NOTA
40. Scurvy: Vitamin C deficiency
41. Vitamin B1/Thiamine: serve as coenzyme in the formation or degradation of alpha ketols by
transketolase and oxidative decarboxylation of alpha keto acids
42. Not present in PLANTS: Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
43. Erythrocyte transketolase: assay of Thiamine
44. Riboflavin: coenzyme in FACE reactions (FA oxidation, AA oxidation, Citric Acid cycle and
Electron transport chain)
45. Niacin / Vitamin B3: Hartnup disease and Carcinoid syndrome
46. Niacin: Dementia, Death, Diarrhea, Dermatitis
47. Acetyl coA carboxylase: Biotin functions to transfer carbon dioxide in a small number of
reaction
48. Avidin: large amount of uncooked egg white and cause deficiency in Biotin
49. Pyridoxine/Vitamin B6: dietary supplementation for TB patients (isoniazid)
50. Vitamin E: impotence
51. Riboflavin/Vitamin B2: used as food additive for its color
52. Niacin/Nicotinic Acid/B3: treatment of Hyperlipidemia
53. Vitamin E: deficiency leads to RBX fragility thus hemolytic anemia
54. Vitamin K.: only fat soluble vitamin that has a coenzyme function
55. Riboflavin/B2: involved in CHO and lipid metabolism
56. Panthothenic Acid/Vitamin B5: ACP and Coenzyme A
57. Vitamin A deficiency: IMPOTENCE
58. Tetrahydrofolate/Vitamin B9: needed in the transfer of Thymidine monophosphate (TMP)
pyrimidine found in DNA
59. Cobalamin/Vitamin B12: contains a corrin ring system
60. Gastric surgery/ autoimmune destruction of gastric cells: deficiency of Vitamin B12
61. Eating 20 eggs/day: required to induce deficiency of Biotin
62. Pantothenic Acid/Vitamin B5: widely distributed vitamin
63. Vitamin E: requirement increases as intake of PUFA increase needed in the absorption of
Lipids (?)